Grantee Research Project Results
2016 Progress Report: Center for Children’s Environmental Health and DiseasePreventionResearch (P01) (joint EPA and NIEHS) - CHAMACOS
EPA Grant Number: R834513Center: Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas - UC Berkeley School of Public Health: CHAMACOS Office, Berkeley, CA
Center Director: Eskenazi, Brenda
Title: Center for Children’s Environmental Health and DiseasePreventionResearch (P01) (joint EPA and NIEHS) - CHAMACOS
Investigators: Eskenazi, Brenda , Rosas, Lisa Goldman , Salvatore, Alicia L. , Holland, Nina T. , Hubbard, Alan , Sjodin, Andreas , Blum, Arlene , Bradman, Asa , Johnson, Caroline , Smith, Donald , Eisen, Ellen , Crinella, Frank , Barlow, Janice , Molitor, John , Harley, Kim , Fenster, Laura , Barcellos, Lisa , Arora, Manish , Harnly, Martha , Minkler, Meredith , Jerrett, Michael , Wallerstein, Nina , Lustig, Robert , McKone, Thomas
Institution: University of California - Berkeley
EPA Project Officer: Hahn, Intaek
Project Period: August 1, 2009 through July 31, 2014 (Extended to July 31, 2017)
Project Period Covered by this Report: June 1, 2015 through May 31,2016
Project Amount: $3,585,582
RFA: Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Centers (with NIEHS) (2009) RFA Text | Recipients Lists
Research Category: Children's Health , Human Health
Objective:
In Project A, we have examined the association of pesticide exposure (e.g. to DDT, manganese-containing pesticides, OP pesticides) and PBDE flame retardants with neurodevelopment, pubertal development, and respiratory outcomes in CHAMACOS children. Although this award specifically funded data collection related to boys, DDT and PBDEs, and neurodevelopmental and pubertal outcomes, we obtained separate funding to examine the full population and in this summary we report on the full breadth of pediatric environmental health research we have conducted with the help of this funding. Please note that while this progress report officially covers our work through May 2016, we are also presenting the work we've done since that point to provide our funders a clear picture of our work. We also present findings that relate to earlier phases of our study and to other health outcomes.
In Project B, we are examining novel methods of examining prenatal exposure to manganese (Mn), PBDE, and DDT/E compounds. For Mn, we are developing methods to measure Mn in shed deciduous teeth and in hair collected when the children were 10.5 years of age. For PBDEs and DDT/E, we are developing models to back-extrapolate prenatal exposure levels from 9-year measured levels and other determinants of exposure.
In Project C, we are investigating molecular mechanisms with a main focus on epigenetic effects associated with prenatal and childhood exposure to persistent organic pollutants (DDT and PBDEs). We are also characterizing the differences in multiple epigenetic marks by host factors like age and sex in children from birth to 12 years of age and assessing relationships of epigenetic modifications in children with hormone levels and pubertal onset.
The Community Outreach and Translation (COTC)Core enables Center scientists and community partners to communicate study findings in a culturally-appropriate manner, to raise awareness of children's environmental health within and beyond the Salinas Valley, and to support policies that will improve the health of low-income Latino residents locally in Monterey County and throughout the state and nation. Because we achieved all major objectives in the first 5 years of Center funding and are operating in a no-cost extension year with reduced COTC staffing, we have limited our Center COTC activities in the past year to general community outreach. We have also attracted outside funding which has supported several other local environmental health projects, which complement all Center-related activities.
Progress Summary:
Project A:
Specific Aim 1. To maintain and expand the CHAMACOS cohort as children begin the critical transition to puberty, assessing neurodevelopment and pubertal development in 300 boys from 9 to 13 years of age.
We have successfully met our goal of expanding the CHAMACOS cohort to 300 boys. We assessed 326 boys at age 9 years, 310 boys at age 10½, 304 boys at age 12, and 241 boys at age 12¾. Under separate funding sources, we have also been able to assess over 300 girls during this period, as well as to repeat pubertal development assessments at age 14 years. The findings presented below reflect our work with boys and girls.
Specific Aim 2. To determine whether prenatal and childhood exposure to DDT/E, PBDEs, and Mn are associated with neurobehavioral functioning at age 9, 10½, and 12 years.
For both DDT/E and PBDEs, measured maternal pregnancy serum
concentrations were used as the exposure variable for the majority of
CHAM1 participants (i.e., members of the original CHAMACOS cohort
followed since pregnancy), while back-extrapolated pregnancy
concentrations were used for all CHAM2 participants (i.e., members of
the CHAMACOS cohort enrolled at child age 9) as well as for CHAM1
participants who were missing pregnancy or delivery serum samples.
Prenatal concentrations were back-extrapolated from DDT/E and/or PBDE
levels measured in maternal serum collected when the child was 9 years
old using the SuperLearner algorithm, an ensemble machine learning
technique that uses a weighted combination of algorithms to return a
prediction function that minimizes the cross-validated mean squared
error (see Project B). In validation models, which used maternal serum
concentrations to back-extrapolate values in women for whom measured
pregnancy values were also available, the model R2 for models
comparing extrapolated and measured values was 0.95 for both p,p'-DDT
and p,p'-DDE, and ranged from 0.58-0.84 for the four highest-detected
PBDE congeners in this population (PBDE-47, 99, 100, 153; see Verner
et al 2015).
DDT/E: In an article published in 2015, we reported on analyses
of children's IQ at ages 7 and 10.5 years in association with prenatal
exposure to DDT and DDE. We found no associations between these
exposure and any WISC IQ outcomes in general models incorporating both
7 and 10.5 year endpoints. However, we did observe an inverse
association between prenatal DDT levels and children's Processing
Speed subscale scores at age 7 only. In separate models by sex, we
also noted inverse associations between prenatal DDE exposure and
girl's Processing Speed and Full Scale IQ at age 7 years. (Gaspar et
al 2015, Environ Int).
PBDEs: In a second article published in 2015, we reported on analyses of children's attention and executive functioning at ages 9-12 years in association with prenatal exposure to PBDEs. Prenatal exposures were associated with impaired performance on both direct assessments and parent reports of children's attention and executive functioning at these ages. For example, a 10-fold increase in prenatal ΣPBDE was associated with poorer response consistency on the Conners' Continuous Performance Test II (β=2.9; 95% CI: 0.9, 4.8) and poorer working memory on the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function (β=2.5; 95% CI: 0.5, 4.4). Child age 9 ΣPBDE levels were associated with poorer parent-reported attention and executive function for girls but not boys. (Sagiv, Kogut, et al 2015, Neurotoxicol Teratol).
Manganese (Mn): In a third article published in 2015, we reported on analyses of children's behavior, memory, motor skills, and IQ at ages 7, 9, and 10.5 years in association with prenatal and early postnatal manganese (Mn) exposure, as assessed in tooth dentine formed in utero and early infancy and assayed in children's shed teeth (methods described in previous publications, e.g. Gunier et al 2013). Mn exposure was associated adverse behavioral outcomes. Prenatal Mn exposure showed adverse associations with maternally-reported internalizing, externalizing, and hyperactivity problems at age 10½ for boys but not girls, whereas postnatal Mn exposure was associated with these outcomes for both boys and girls. For boys only, MN was associated with improved memory, motor, and IQ scores. When MN exposure occurred in conjunction with elevated lead levels, it was associated with poorer visuospatial memory at age 9 as well as lower IQ scores at 7 and 10.5. (Mora et al 2015, Environ Int). In preliminary, unpublished analyses, we did not observe an association between hair Mn concentrations and 10.5 year IQ or behavior in models adjusted for child's exact age, maternal education, poverty status, language of assessment and HOME score.
Specific Aim 3. To determine whether prenatal and childhood
exposure to DDT/E, PBDEs, and Mn are associated with timing of
pubertal development in boys between age 9 and 13 years.
PBDEs: We submitted a manuscript, later published, regarding
children's prenatal and childhood (age 9) PBDE exposure and
association with age at onset of physical manifestations of puberty
(genital and public hair development in boys; breast and public hair
development in
girls, and menarche in girls). Prenatal PBDE
exposure was associated with later menarche in girls but earlier pubic
hair development in boys. No associations were seen between either
prenatal or age 9 exposures and any other indicators of age at
pubertal onset. (Harley et al 2017, Environment International)
DDT/E: We have not yet published on DDT/E and the physical
manifestations of puberty, though we have published on pubertal sex
hormones (see Aim 4). Preliminary analyses on DDT/E suggest that
prenatal DDT concentrations are associated with earlier genital
development in boys and with earlier menarche in girls.
Manganese: Results of our preliminary analyses were as follows:
Among 103 boys with available exposure and outcome data, our analyses
indicate a marginally significant association of prenatal Mn with
later onset of genital development (HR=0.63, 95% CI=0.38, 1.03). Among
girls (N=113), higher postnatal (i.e. infancy) Mn exposure was
associated with significantly earlier onset of pubic hair development
(HR=1.44, 95% CI=1.08, 1.94).
Specific Aim 4. To determine whether prenatal and childhood
exposure to DDT/E, PBDEs, and Mn are associated with hormone levels
in boys at age 12.
DDT/E and PBDEs: In 2016, we published a manuscript presenting
associations between PBDE, DDT/E, and PCB exposures in utero and at
age 9 on adolescent boys' production of sex hormones
[follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and
total testosterone (T)] at age 12. In utero exposure to BDE-153 (a
PBDE congener) was associated with substantial increases in levels of
all three sex hormones measured. BDE-100 (another PBDE congener was
associated with increases in boys' LH levels only, and total PCB
concentrations were associated with increased FSH levels. DDT/E was
not associated with hormone levels in boys at this age (Eskenazi et al
2016, Int J Hyg Environ Health).
Mn: As noted in the last
progress report, we have run preliminary analyses examining prenatal
and postnatal Mn exposure in association with hormones in boys. Among
78 boys included in these preliminary analyses, we observed no
association between either prenatal or postnatal Mn exposure and LH,
T, or FSH at age 12.
5. Other outcomes pertinent to environmental exposures and
children's health
Agricultural pesticides and neurodevelopment: In 2016, we have
published three manuscripts examining current-use pesticides and their
relationship with child neurodevelopment at age 7 years. We summarize
results by exposure type:
OP Metabolites: We presented evidence that early childhood
adversity may modify associations between prenatal OP pesticide
exposures as reflected by maternal urinary DAP metabolites and child
IQ as assessed using the WISC. Boys, for example, displayed the most
negative associations between OP exposure and IQ when they had
experienced high adversity in the early learning environment (Stein et
al 2016, Neurotoxicology).
Ambient exposure to OPs, carbamates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and manganese fungicides: We also published manuscripts based on California's Pesticide Use Reporting (PUR) database, which we used to characterize CHAMACOS mothers' ambient exposure to agricultural use pesticides during pregnancy based on their residential proximity to agricultural pesticide use. In the first of these, we demonstrated that children of mothers who had experienced highest (top quartile) versus lowest (bottom quartile) prenatal residential exposure to toxicity-weighted use of OP and carbamate pesticides through nearby agricultural applications performed significantly worse on Perceptual Reasoning (4 pt decrease) and Working Memory (2.8 point decrease) indices of the WISC at age 10.5, resulting in a significantly lower Full Scale IQ score (3 point decrease; Rowe et al 2016, Environ Res). In the second such analysis, we assessed continuous associations of a number of prenatal pesticide exposures in association with WISC scores at age 7. We demonstrated that each standard deviation increase in toxicity-weighted organophosphate (OP) pesticide use was associated with a 2.2 point decrease on Full-Scale IQ and a 2.9 point decrease in Verbal Comprehension at child age 7. We observed similar decrements in association with each of two specific OPs (acephate and oxydemeton-methyl) as well as with three other pesticide groups (pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and manganese fungicides) (Gunier et al 2016, Environ Health Pespect).
Agricultural pesticides and respiratory health: We also evaluated the
relationship between respiratory symptoms and lung function at 7-years
of age in the CHAMACOS cohort and prenatal and postnatal pesticide
exposure. Specifically, we evaluated the relationships between
respiratory health and urinary organophosphate metabolite
concentrations measured in mothers during pregnancy at 13 and 26 weeks
gestation, and in the children at 6-months, 1-year, 2-years, 3.5-years
and 5-years. In separate analyses, we also evaluated the relationship
between respiratory symptoms and lung function and agricultural use of
elemental sulfur and fumigants. We summarize results here by exposure
type:
OP Metabolites: We investigated the relationship between
early-life exposure to OPs and respiratory outcomes. Participants
included 359 mothers and children from the CHAMACOS birth cohort.
Dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites of OP pesticides, specifically
diethyl (DE) and dimethyl (DM) phosphate metabolites, were measured in
urine from mothers twice during pregnancy (mean = 13 and 26 weeks
gestation) and from children five times during childhood (0.5-5
years). Childhood DAP concentrations were estimated by the area under
curve (AUC). Mothers reported their child's respiratory symptoms at 5
and 7 years of age. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to
examine associations of prenatal and childhood DAP concentrations with
repeated measures of respiratory symptoms and exercise-induced
coughing at 5 and 7 years of age, adjusting for child's sex and age,
maternal smoking during pregnancy, secondhand tobacco smoke, season of
birth, PM2.5, breastfeeding, mold and cockroaches in home, and
distance from highway. Higher prenatal DAP concentrations,
particularly DE, were non-significantly associated with respiratory
symptoms in the previous 12 months at 5 or 7 years of age [adjusted
odds ratio (aOR) per 10-fold increase = 1.44; 95% CI: 0.98, 2.12].
This association was strongest with total DAP and DE from the second
half of pregnancy (aOR per 10-fold increase = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.06,
2.95; and 1.61; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.39, respectively). Childhood DAP, DE,
and DM concentrations were associated with respiratory symptoms and
exercise-induced coughing in the previous 12 months at 5 or 7 years of
age (total DAPs: aOR per 10-fold increase = 2.53; 95% CI: 1.32, 4.86;
and aOR = 5.40; 95% CI: 2.10, 13.91, respectively). Early-life
exposure to OP pesticides was associated with respiratory symptoms
consistent with possible asthma in childhood. This work was published
in Environmental Health Perspectives (Raanan et al. 2015).
We also evaluated associations between early-life organophosphate exposure and lung function of children living in an agricultural community. In this analysis, participants were 279 children from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) longitudinal birth cohort. The area under the curve for organophosphate exposure was determined by urinary diethyl and dimethyl dialkylphosphate metabolites of organophosphate pesticides, which were measured five times during childhood (6-60 months). Spirometry was performed at age 7 years. Regression models controlled for maternal smoking during pregnancy, season of birth, particulate matter concentrations with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), breast feeding duration, mold and pets at home, distance of home from a highway, food insecurity, maternal education, season of spirometry, sex, height and technician. We found that childhood diethyl, dimethyl and total dialkylphosphate concentrations were associated with significant decreases in lung function at age 7. Specifically, we found lower FEV1, (L/s) (ß=-0.16, 95% CI -0.30 to -0.02, p=0.03) and FVC (L) (ß=-0.17, 95% CI -0.34 to 0.01, p=0.06) per 10-fold increase of total dialkylphosphate levels. Early-life organophosphate exposure as assessed by dialkylphosphate concentrations was adversely associated with 7-year-old children's lung function. This work was published in Thorax (Raanan et al. 2016).
Elemental Sulfur: We evaluated associations between residential proximity to elemental sulfur applications and respiratory symptoms and spirometry of children living in an agricultural community. Participants were enrolled in the CHAMACOS longitudinal birth cohort. We collected respiratory symptomatology for 347 children at 7 y of age and measured spirometry on a subset of 279. Of these, estimations of proximity to sulfur application and relevant covariate data were available for 237 and 205 children for whom we had symptomatology information and FEV1 measurements, respectively. Data from the California Pesticide Use Reporting System were used to estimate the amount of elemental sulfur applied within 0.5, 1, and 3km of a child's residence during the week, month, and 12 mo prior to pulmonary evaluation. Regression models controlled for maternal smoking during pregnancy; season of birth; PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤2.5mm in aerodynamic diameter); breast feeding duration; child's sex, age, and height; technician; and other covariates. We observed adverse associations with respiratory outcomes were found for sulfur applications within 0.5- and 1-km radii. Specifically, asthma medication usage and respiratory symptoms increased [OR=3.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.50, 8.23, p=0.004; OR=2.09; 95% CI: 1.27, 3.46, p=0.004, respectively] and FEV1 decreased (β=−0.143; 95% CI: −0.248, −0.039, p=0.008) per 10-fold increase in the estimated amount of sulfur used within 1 km of child residence during the year prior to pulmonary evaluation. This study suggests that elemental sulfur use, allowed in both organic and conventional farming, in close proximity to residential areas, may adversely affect children's respiratory health. This study was submitted to Environmental Health Perspectives (later published in 2017).
Chemical exposures and body mass index (BMI): We have published two
manuscripts on chemical exposures and child body mass index,
summarized here by exposure type.
PBDEs: In 2015, we published a manuscript investigating
associations of prenatal and childhood exposures to PBDE flame
retardants in association with children's body mass index (BMI) at age
7 years. Prenatal PBDE exposure was associated with higher BMI in boys
but with lower BMI in girls. Childhood exposure to one specific PBDE
congener (BDE-153) as measured at age 7 were associated with lower BMI
for both boys and girls. (Erkin-Cakmak et al 2015, Environ Health Perspect.).
DDT/E: We submitted a manuscript to Environmental Research
investigating prenatal DDT/E exposures with children's BMI at age 12
years. Results indicated different associations for males and females.
Among boys, 10-fold increases in prenatal DDT and DDE concentrations
were associated with increased BMI z-score (o,p'-DDT, adj-β=0.37, 95%
CI: 0.08, 0.65; p,p'-DDT, adj-β = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.48; p,p'-DDE,
adj-β = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.59). Results for girls were
nonsignificant. The difference by sex persisted after considering
pubertal status.
Contemporary flame retardant chemicals and neurodevelopment: We
submitted the first manuscript on flame retardant chemicals used as
alternatives to PBDEs – specifically, Firemaster 550® (FM 550®) and
organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) – in association with child IQ
at age 7 years to Chemosphere. We measured urinary metabolites of FM
550 and four PFRs from CHAMACOS women during pregnancy. Metabolites of
tris(1,3- dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP:
bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate) and triphenyl phosphate (DPHP:
diphenyl phosphate) were detected in >75% of urine samples, and
isopropylphenyl phenyl phosphate (ip-PPP), a metabolite of one
component of FM 550®, was detected in 72% of urine samples. We
observed decreases of 2.9 points (95% Confidence Interval (CI): -6.3,
0.5) and 3.9 points (95% CI: -7.3,-0.5) in Full-Scale intelligence
quotient and Working Memory, respectively, for each ten-fold increase
in DPHP in adjusted regression models.
Project B:
Specific Aim 1. To measure Mn, PBDEs, and DDT/E in shed
deciduous teeth. (Population: CHAMACOS children participating since birth.)
Mn: We have successfully developed a method for measuring Mn in human teeth by laser ablation ICP-mass spectrometry (LA/ICP/MS), including analysis of 307 teeth collected from the CHAMACOS cohort. Rather than calculate one estimate of cumulative exposure over the entire prenatal period, we have used a method to distinguish Mn exposure experienced in the 2nd trimester from that experienced in the 3rd trimester. We observed a significant association (rspearman=0.36, p=0.001, n=77) between Mn levels in the entire prenatally-formed dentine [as
defined by 55Mn:43Ca area under the curve (AUC)] with floor dust Mn loading (µg Mn/m2 floor area) and a stronger relationship with Mn levels in dentine formed only in the 2nd trimester (rspearman=0.40; p=0.0005; n=72), likely because dust samples were collected in the 2nd trimester. We have also compared Mn levels in cord blood and mantle dentine. While there was no significant association of 55Mn:43Ca AUC of all prenatal sampling points with cord blood Mn
(rspearman=-0.01; p=0.99), 55Mn:43Ca in the sampling point immediately adjacent to the neonatal line in each tooth showed a significant positive correlation with cord blood Mn (rspearman=0.70; p=0.003; n=16). These findings were published in Environmental Science & Technology (Arora et al. 2012) and the measurements were used in subsequent studies examining exposure and health outcomes (see below and Project A).
PBDEs and DDT/E: As a pilot investigation, we assessed the feasibility of measuring persistent organic pollutants in deciduous teeth. Dr. Andreas Sjödin at the CDC in Atlanta attempted to measure PBDEs and DDT in anonymous deciduous teeth collected from dental patients demographically similar to the CHAMACOS cohort. Using whole tooth digestion, neither PBDEs nor DDT were detected. Additional anonymous deciduous teeth were obtained from a local clinic and Dr. Arora extracted the dentine from these teeth to determine if more sensitive analyses could be employed to measure PBDEs and organochlorine (OC) compounds including DDT. Initial results were not promising. Specifically, low detection frequencies for the typically prevalent congeners PBDE-47 and -99 and high concentrations of PBDE-183 for all samples suggested possible contamination with PBDE-183. One challenge in the interpretation of xenobiotic measurements in dentine is the likelihood that dentine tissue, which is vasculated, may be in equilibrium with child exposures when the teeth are shed and may not reflect prenatal exposures. Some compounds, such as metals, are incorporated into the chemical structure of the dentine, but many organic compounds are not. Additional research is needed to broadly screen for chemicals in dentine strata and validate measurements against maternal and child biomonitoring.
Specific Aim 2. To determine the relationship between Mn, PBDE, and DDT/E levels in teeth with other relevant biological measures.
For a subset of CHAMACOS participants, we conducted laboratory measurements of Mn in multiple biological samples, including 202 whole blood samples (maternal blood, cord blood, child's blood), 128 urine samples (maternal at 26-week gestation and child at 24 months), and 62 teeth and examined the interrelationships of Mn levels in all matrices.
Mn levels (Mn:Ca ratio) were higher in prenatal than postnatal dentine (geometric mean (GM) = 0.51 vs. 0.16, p<0.0001). Maternal blood Mn concentrations increased from 26 weeks gestation to delivery (GM = 14.6 to 20.7 µg/L, p = 0.001) and child blood Mn concentrations decreased from cord blood to 24-month blood samples (39.9 vs. 25.0 µg/L, p = 0.005). Mn levels in tooth dentine during the 3rd trimester were positively correlated with Mn concentrations in cord blood (rs = 0.31), while there was a negative correlation between prenatal Mn levels in enamel and concentrations in maternal blood at 26-weeks' gestation (rs = -0.36). We did not find any significant differences in Mn urine concentrations over time and did not observe significant correlations between Mn levels in teeth and urine, suggesting that urinary concentrations are not a useful measure of environmental Mn exposure.
We observed significantly higher (p < 0.05) levels of Mn in prenatal dentine, prenatal maternal blood, and 24-month urine from children if there was a farm worker living in the home during the corresponding time period compared to no farmworker living in the home. Prenatal Mn levels in dentine and cord blood were also correlated with Mn loading in prenatal house dust samples (rs = 0.27 and 0.29, respectively; p < 0.1). Tooth dentine and blood Mn concentrations had the strongest associations with potential sources of Mn exposure in the home. These findings were published in Environmental Science & Technology (Gunier et al. 2014).
Mn in dust: We collected house dust samples from 378 CHAMACOS participant residences, with a second sample collected approximately nine months later from 90 of the residences. House dust samples were analyzed for Mn using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Information from interviews, home inspections, and pesticide use reports was used to identify potential predictors of Mn dust concentrations and loadings. Mn was detectable in all dust samples. The median Mn concentration was 171 µg/g and median Mn loading was 1,910 µg/m2 at first visit. In multivariable models, Mn dust concentrations and loadings increased with the number of farmworkers in the home and the amount of agricultural Mn fungicides applied within three kilometers of the residence during the month prior to dust sample collection. Dust concentrations of Mn and other metals (lead, cadmium and chromium) were higher in residences located in the southern Salinas Valley compared to those located in other areas of the Salinas Valley. Dust loadings of Mn and other metals were also higher in residences located on Antioch Loam soil than other soil types, and in homes with poor or average housekeeping practices (Figure 1). Agricultural use of Mn-containing fungicides was associated with Mn dust concentrations and loadings in nearby residences and farmworker homes. Housekeeping practices and soil type at residence were also important factors related to dust metal concentrations and loadings. These findings were published in Science of the Total Environment (Gunier et al., 2014).
Mn in teeth: We examined environmental and lifestyle factors associated with prenatal tooth dentine Mn concentrations for 207 CHAMACOS children. We found that storage of farmworkers' shoes in the home, maternal farm work, agricultural use of Mn-containing fungicides within 3 km of the residence, residence built on Antioch Loam soil and Mn dust loading (µg/m2 of floor area) during pregnancy were associated with higher Mn levels in prenatal dentine (p<0.05). Maternal smoking during pregnancy was inversely related to Mn levels in prenatal dentine (p<0.01). Multivariable regression models explained 22 – 29% of the variability of Mn in prenatal dentine. Our results suggest that Mn measured in prenatal dentine provides retrospective and time-specific levels of fetal exposure resulting from environmental and occupational sources.
These findings were published in Environmental Science & Technology (Gunier et al. 2013).
Mn in hair: In the absence of a validated methodology for the accurate determination of hair Mn without external contamination, we developed and validated a method to analyze Mn in hair which included thorough sample cleanup, showing in the process that prior published studies of hair Mn are likely erroneous (Eastman et al 2013). We have collected hair samples from 455 children (145 boys and 310 girls). Due to costs associated with the extensive cleanup procedure necessary to analyze the hair properly, we were only able to analyze hair from a subsample of children. Dr. Smith at UCSC has analyzed samples from 135 participants. The Mn hair concentrations in our cohort (median=0.08 µg/g) were similar (median=0.07 µg/g) to the only other published study using the same cleaning methodology, which focused on children exposed to Mn through proximity to a ferroalloy plant (Eastman et al. 2013). In bivariate analyses, we found that Mn hair concentrations were related (p<0.2) to location of the hair sample (lower in samples from the top of the head), soil type at the child's residence (higher in Antioch Loam), location of the residence in the Southern portion of Monterey County (higher in the South) and agricultural use of Mn fungicides within 3 km of the child's residence during the 6 months prior to sample collection. Hair Mn concentrations were not related to demographic variables, the presence of agricultural workers in the home or the use of hair care products prior to sample collection. Location of hair sample (p=0.04), residence in Southern Monterey County (p=0.13) and agricultural use of Mn fungicides near the child's residence (p=0.04) remained significant in multivariate models (Figure 2) and this model explained 12% of the variability in Mn hair concentrations. We did not observe an association between hair Mn concentrations and 10.5 year IQ or behavior in models adjusted for child's exact age, maternal education, poverty status, language of assessment and HOME score. We are currently preparing a manuscript for publication on our Mn hair analyses.
Specific Aim 4. To identify population correlates of PBDEs and DDT/E exposure in 9-year- old boys.
The CDC has analyzed CHAMACOS blood samples for PBDEs, DDT/E and PCBs in 412 mothers during pregnancy, 277 children at the 7-year visit, and 145 mothers and 552 children at the 9-year visit. The geometric means for these compounds decreased significantly (between 8 and 13 percent per year) in the children from age seven to nine years (Table 2). We also showed that BDE-153, the PCBs and DDE all decreased significantly per kilogram weight gain in the child related to dilution from an increasing body mass with age. Dr. Andreas Sjödin prepared a manuscript (later published in 2018) examining determinants of PBDE and DDT/E exposures in 9-year-olds. The statistical analysis for this paper is complete and includes comparison of the CHAMACOS serum concentration data with a published cohort of Texas children (Sjodin et al. 2014). CHAMACOS participants had significantly higher exposures to PBDEs than children from Texas. Concentrations of PCB-153 were comparable in the CHAMACOS and Texas children while p,p'-DDE concentrations were higher in the primarily Mexican population of the CHAMCOS cohort.
Back-extrapolation of DDT/E and PBDEs: We evaluated three modeling approaches (physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling (PBPK), deletion substitution algorithms, and SuperLearner) to estimate maternal DDT/E and PBDE exposures during pregnancy when measurements were collected from the mothers nine years after birth. To accomplish this, we used the models to predict serum levels measured at 26 weeks gestation in the pregnant mothers (n=161) from levels measured in the mothers and the child when the child was 9. For each model, we assessed whether the nine-year maternal (n=94) or child (n=161) measurements alone, or levels in both mothers and children (n=89) at age nine, predicted the levels in the mothers during pregnancy. Model performance was assessed using the root mean squared error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) of log10-transformed back- extrapolated versus measured levels. For all compounds and subsets, SuperLearner outperformed the other approaches with RMSEs and R2s ranging from 0.10-0.31 log10 ng/g and 0.58-0.97, respectively. Typically, model RMSEs were lower and R2s were higher for p,p'-DDT/E than PBDE congeners, and estimations using maternal levels (when their child was 9 years) were more accurate for back extrapolation to pregnancy levels than using child levels at 9 years. The PBPK model performed well but not as well as SuperLearner when back- extrapolating prenatal levels from maternal levels for compounds with longer half-lives such as p,p'-DDE and BDE-153 (RMSEs= 0.21 and 0.28 log10 ng/g and R2s= 0.88 and 0.57, respectively). Overall, our results demonstrate the ability to accurately back-extrapolate prenatal levels from maternal levels 9 years after delivery, with SuperLearner performing the best based on our fit criteria. These findings were published in Environmental Science & Technology (Verner et al. 2015).
OTHER CHAMACOS STUDIES
DAPs in child urine. A manuscript examining changes
in pesticide excretion during organic food intake was published in
Environmental Health Perspectives (Bradman, Quiros-Alcala et al. 2015).
Occupational Take-home Exposures: An article on
reducing exposures to farmworkers' children was published in the
Journal of Environmental Epidemiology and Exposure Science
(Salvatore et al. 2015).
Organophosphate flame retardant exosures and health impacts: We successfully obtained an NIEHS R21 (R21ES021833)) examining exposures and health effects of organophosphate flame retardants.
Project C:
Specific Aim 1. To analyze global DNA methylation in newborn children by three different assays.
In addition to repetitive element and 450K site-specific methylation, we also characterized DNA methylation of several imprinted genes. Imprinted genes exhibit expression in a parent-of- origin-dependent manner and are often involved in early growth and development. Collaborating with Dr. Susan Murphy (Duke University) and Cathrine Hoyo (NC State University), we used pyrosequencing methodologies to determine DNA methylation levels in 9 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in 298 cord blood samples. A manuscript describing these analyses has been submitted (Tindula et al).
Specific Aim 2. To determine ontogenetic changes in global DNA methylation in blood of children between birth and 12 years.
Aim completed in the last period.
Specific Aim 3. To investigate the relationship of in utero and 9-year-old blood concentrations of DDT/E and PBDEs with global DNA methylation.
Aim completed in the last period.
4. To determine whether global methylation is associated with onset of puberty and hormonal changes.
- We published a manuscript examining the relationship of LINE-1 and Alu repetitive element methylation with onset of puberty (boys and girls) and hormonal levels (boys only) in CHAM1 children in Pediatric Research. Among girls, we observed a suggestive trend of increased odds of breast and pubic hair development with higher Alu and LINE-1 methylation in 9-y-old blood, respectively. The strongest association identified was an inverse association of LINE-1 methylation in 9-y-old girls with odds of experiencing menarche by age 12 (OR (95% CI): 0.63 (0.46, 0.87); P = 0.005). We observed a consistent inverse relationship for Alu and LINE-1 methylation at 9 y with luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in boys but it was only significant between LINE-1 and LH. (Huen et al. 2016).
5. To examine site-specific methylation in relation to age, sex, exposure to DDT/E and PBDEs and puberty onset.
- Our findings related to differential methylation by sex using 450K were published in BMC Genomics in November 2015. We observed that ~3% of CpG sites were differentially methylated between girls and boys at birth (FDR P < 0.05). Of those CpGs, 3031 were located on autosomes, and 82.8% of those were hypermethylated in girls compared to boys. Beyond individual CpGs, we found 3604 sex-associated differentially methylated regions (DMRs) where the majority (75.8%) had higher methylation in girls. Using pathway analysis, we found that sex-associated autosomal CpGs were significantly enriched for gene ontology terms related to nervous system development and behavior. Among hits in our study, 35.9% had been previously reported as sex-associated CpG sites in other published human studies. Further, for replicated hits, the direction of the association with methylation was highly concordant (98.5-100%) with previous studies.To our knowledge, this is the first reported epigenome-wide analysis by sex at birth that examined DMRs and adjusted for confounding by cell composition. We confirmed previously reported trends that methylation profiles are sex-specific even in autosomal genes, and also identified novel sex-associated CpGs in our methylome-wide analysis immediately after birth, a critical yet relatively unstudied developmental window. (Yousefi et al. 2015).
- We also continued analysis of 450K methylation in relation to prenatal PBDE and DDT/E exposure. We did not identify any differentially methylated positions (DMPs) with these exposures.
- We recently collaborated with Elior Rahmani and Dr. Eran Halperin (UCLA) to show that population structure (ancestry information) can be inferred from genome-wide methylation data such as that provided by the 450K BeadChip platform. A manuscript describing these data and the EPISTRUCTURE method used to infer ancestry from 450K data has been submitted to Epigenetics and Chromatin.
- Building upon our work developed for this project, we have also been active participants in the Pregnancy and Childhood Consortium (PACE), an international consortium of birth cohorts with 450K BeadChip data. It provides a unique opportunity to join forces with multiple cohorts to investigate the relationships of cord blood DNA methylation with various exposures using much larger sample sizes. Thus far, we have been active in several projects. We have published papers on 450K cord blood methylation with smoking and maternal BMI (Joubert et al. 2016). Currently, we are spearheading efforts to determine sex differences in DNA methylation among PACE cohorts. We are also involved in several ongoing projects looking at cord blood DNA methylation in relation to birthweight, gestational weight gain and child BMI at various ages.
Community Outreach and Translation Core (COTC):
Specific Aim 1: To disseminate Center research findings to study participants, the Salinas Valley community, and other stakeholders.
Newsletter: Each year we send out the CHAMACOS newsletter, La Semilla, to participants in June. The newsletter is in Spanish and English and is written at a level accessible to low-literacy readers. Our intent is to provide a means for parents and children to discuss the newsletter content. (Parents mostly speak Spanish and children mostly speak English). This issue of La Semilla featured a letter from Dr. Eskenazi, information on recent research findings, neighborhood photos our Youth Community Council, and a staff spotlight on one of our interviewers.
Electronic Newsletter: We sent out two e-newsletters from June 2015-May 2016 to roughly 1000 subscribers. The newsletters described research findings, include announcements for upcoming study activities, such as planned milestones such as the 14 year visit with CHAMACOS participants, new funding, and our participation in local, state and national conferences and meetings.
Dissemination to larger community and targeted groups:
We continued our efforts to share Center research findings
with the Salinas Valley community through targeted meetings with
community groups and key stakeholders, participation in community
events, and media interviews about our work. We held 65 meetings
with a wide range of groups, most of them in the Salinas Valley, to
discuss recent Center findings and other environmental health issues.
Center staff also attended several local health-related
events such as health fairs and town hall meetings to discuss the
Center's research. Through these efforts we made contact with 987
men, 2245 women, and 1050 children for a total of 4312 people from
June 1, 2015 to May 31, 2016.
Dissemination to the scientific community: A list of pertinent scientific publications is listed for each Core in its respective progress report, along with a list of presentations at professional and scientific meetings. We have also presented our findings at local meetings and universities. As a result of knowledge gained from this Center, Dr. Eskenazi has continued to provide consultation across the world in pesticide research and in the conduct of birth cohort studies – in Chile, Israel, Bangladesh, South Africa, Costa Rica, Spain, Ecuador, New Zealand – this year alone.
Website: On our website, www.cerch.org, we have developed an online resource center where specific audience groups can access information on environmental health hazards with tips on ways to protect themselves. These audiences include adults, families, parents of young children, teens, community groups, and health professionals. As new resources are developed by our center, they are posted to the ORC to facilitate rapid dissemination to these audience groups. From June 1, 2015 to May 31, 2016, www.cerch.orghad more than 15,000 unduplicated visitors for a total of more than 45,000 page views.
Specific Aim 2. To increase awareness about children's environmental health among low-income Latino communities, clinicians, and service providers through widespread dissemination of innovative outreach and educational programs.
Outreach to childcare providers: We continue to provide education and outreach addressing environmental quality in child-care settings in the Salinas Valley and throughout California. Please see the attached list of presentations for events focused on childcare. We also obtained several grants from the California Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) to develop training resources for child care providers on integrated pesticide management (IPM) and green cleaning and sanitizing (see https://cerch.berkeley.edu/resources/educational- materials). We also obtained funding to develop a training course for licensed pest management professionals serving child care facilities and schools in California. This course provides required continuing education units for pest management professionals and involved close collaboration with child care professionals, the UC Cooperative Extension IPM program, DPR, and the Pest Control Operators of California, the lead trade organization for pest management professionals. To date, about 1200 pest management professionals have completed the course. The on-line version will be operated permanently by the University of California (UC) IPM program and will become a long-term resource for California pest management professionals. Dr. Bradman also participates on the Science Advisory Board for the Children's Environmental Health Network Eco Healthy Child Care (EHCC) program and has provided extensive review of their educational materials.
Outreach to social service organizations: Center staff continues to provide presentations to community groups in Monterey County on the following topics: Preventing Pesticide Exposure, CHAMACOS Findings Overview, Healthy Homes, Heat Illness Prevention, and Environmental Quality in Early Childcare Environments. Through these trainings and presentations we have reached 4,312 individuals in the Salinas Valley this year.
Outreach to farmworkers: The greatest educational need we have identified in our community outreach work is accessible, quality training for farmworkers about the hazards of pesticide exposure and means to prevent exposure. To address this need, Clinica de Salud del Valle de Salinas (our main community partner) and California Department of Education, Migrant Education Program have worked to obtain an EPA Environmental Justice Small Grant. This grant, entitled 'Proyecto La Semilla: Pesticide Safety Leadership Training for Farmworker Parents”, allows our team's primary health educator to train parent leaders in eight agricultural counties throughout California on how to educate other parents on pesticide safety using strategies and teaching materials developed and tested through our Center (i.e. a train-the- trainer program).
Outreach to growers and the agricultural industry and regulators: During the last year, we have continued to actively engage growers and the agricultural industry in the Salinas Valley, throughout California, and beyond. The Agricultural Commissioner, the Central Coast Grower Shipper Association, and the Monterey County Farm Bureau are active members of the CHAMACOS Community Advisory Board (CAB). We have also work with our Agricultural Council that includes the CAB industry representatives as well as the California Strawberry Commission and Jacobs Farms, an organic producer, and the Nunes Company, as well as a Farmworker Council comprised of farmworker leaders. Due to limited funds, we have not met in- person as a group with the CAB or Councils this year but we have continued to communicate with the CAB and Councils at least on a semi-annual basis, including by phone and email. We have continued to share all methods and results and to provide pre-publication abstracts and draft manuscripts for review and input.
We also continue to meet regularly with those involved with
pesticide regulation such as the Agricultural Commissioner and the
California Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR).
We have had at least a dozen calls/meetings with the Monterey County Agricultural Commissioner this year. In addition, Dr. Eskenazi has provided review to DPR as a key member of the National Research Council of the National Academies' Committee to Review California's Risk Assessment for Pesticides, which required meetings with DPR and EPA officials around pesticide regulation in the United States and, specifically, in California. This review was requested by the DPR in response to a California Department of Public Health (CDPH) report examining pesticide use near schools released in April 2014. This report received tremendous community, policy, and press attention in California and raised concerns about exposures to children. Dr. Bradman provided external peer review of the CDPH report and has been contacted on a regular basis by press and community members to comment on the report. In 2016 DPR proposed new rules to limit pesticide use near schools and child care facilities, which were formally adopted in 2017.
Dr. Bradman also participates on the Board of Trustees for The
Organic Center, a non- profit organization addressing scientific
concerns about organic agriculture and food. Finally, Dr. Bradman,
Harley, and Eskenazi were funded through the UC Berkeley-Chile Seed
Grant program to travel to Chile, and meet with agricultural
officials, researchers, and health officials. Dr. Bradman toured
greenhouse operations with growers and reviewed strategies to reduce
worker pesticide exposures, and presented CHAMACOS research findings
to a large audience at the Catholic University in Talca, including
growers and agricultural officials. These meetings and presentations
were widely covered in the local press.
3. To build the capacity of Salinas Valley youth to promote
healthy environmental policies in their community.
The goal of the Youth Community Council (YCC) is to build youth capacity in environmental health and to engage youth in promoting healthy environmental policies in Salinas. During this no-cost extension year, we have successfully garnered support of the YCC through funding from the California Breast Cancer Research Program and the Monterey County Health Department. The HERMOSA project (Harley, PI, California Breast Cancer Research Program) was initiated in 2012 to study the levels of exposure of Latina youth to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) used in cosmetics and personal care products. In Summer 2014, the YCC members disseminated the results of the study to participants and community members. They presented on radio, television, at health fairs, and developed content for the Center's website ( www.cerch.org/hermosastudy). The YCC members created health education materials for their peers about chemicals in make-up and distributed this material at various meetings. They also developed recipes for Do-it-yourself remedies for personal care products, such as using egg whites to stiffen your hair instead of mouse or gels with chemicals.
In addition to their work on the walkability report (in previous Progress Reports) and the HERMOSA Study, YCC members have worked on other projects with the Monterey County Health Department. This spring they initiated the Healthy Retail Project, which is a direct development of the YCC's Photovoice project conducted in Summer 2011. The Photovoice project highlighted the lack of access to healthy food in Salinas corner stores as well as the high rates of obesity in the population. We have been funded by the Monterey County Health Department to survey local store-owners and customers in Salinas about their willingness to provide and purchase healthier foods. This grant provides stipends for YCC members to collect these data and to prepare a report for Monterey County, under our supervision. Our projects that have engaged youth in the research have become an effective model to train future researchers in the community and provide meaningful summer employment for low-income high school students. In addition, we write letters of recommendation for our YCC members as they apply to universities and we help to review their applications. This year, four members of our YCC have been accepted to the University of California, and most others will be attending colleges – as the first generation in their families to attend.
4. To educate policy makers at the local, state, and national levels about Center research findings and children's environmental health priorities.
Our research was shared at the national level when our Center provided comments to the proposed changes to the Worker Protection Standard (WPS). The WPS was introduced in 1992 and was designed to protect farmworkers from pesticides. New changes in the WPS have been proposed to make the regulation more effective. We submitted comments to the EPA that included CHAMACOS research findings. Insights from exposure and health outcome studies by CHAMACOS can help EPA staff develop regulations that will prevent exposure to pesticides and protect the health of farmworkers and their families.
Project-Generated Resources
In the past year, our Center's COTC infrastructure has attracted new funding which increases the breadth and scope of our training and outreach efforts. Two funding sources continue the model established by the Walkability Survey and the HERMOSA Study (described above and in previous progress reports), in which our Youth Community Counsel serves as a public health research team during summer break from high school, working with the training, supervision, and guidance of UC Berkeley/Clinica de Salud del Valle de Salinas CHAMACOS staff to execute projects from design through data collection, analysis, and reporting. New funding sources which build upon this model are as follows:
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- The Healthy Retail Project, funded by the Monterey County Department of Public Health: In 2014, the local health department selected the CHAMACOS YCC from among other local applicants to administer a Healthy Retail Project in Salinas in summer 2015 (currently underway). The Healthy Retail Project is a small intervention project intended to encourage local corner store owners to make healthy changes to their stores. The project consists of enrolling owners of local corner stores, conducting a baseline interview with owners regarding their thoughts on the role of food stores in promoting public health, completing an observation checklist about the baseline health quality of the store (e.g. presence, quality, and variety of fresh produce and whole grain products; presence of tobacco and alcohol advertising, etc), and completing brief surveys with approximately 50 customers of each corner store regarding their current shopping habits, items they'd like to see at the store, and their support of potential healthy changes to the store. On the basis of baseline and customer information, we will provide a fact sheet for each store with information on its customer base and store-specific suggestions for achievable, healthy changes that are likely to appeal to the customer base; the fact sheet constitutes the intervention. Once store owners have received their fact sheets, they will be interviewed again regarding their reaction to the fact sheet and their willingness to attempt healthy changes (either the ones we have suggested or ones they have thought of on their own). For owners who are willing to attempt changes, we will offer the voluntary assistance of YCC members in procuring health promotion materials from the health department, rearranging store displays to highlight healthier products, etc. Owners who attempt changes will be interviewed a third and final time to gather initial feedback on how the changes are being received by customers. YCC members reported on this project in 2015 final report to the Monterey County Department of Public Health detailing the baseline health quality of local corner stores and attitudes of owners towards health promotion, the degree to which local residents who shop at these stores feel they have access to healthy foods they need or want, and the willingness of store owners to make healthy changes, and/or the supports they would require to make these changes.
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The Peer-to-Peer Project, funded by the
California Breast Cancer Research Program (CBCRP): In 2015, we
have been awarded funding to plan and execute a teen pesticide
exposure study to be carried out in summer 2016. We will
enroll 100 14-15 year old female volunteers from the CHAMACOS
Study. Girls will wear novel, silicone-based personal exposure
sampling bracelets for 7 days, wear GPS loggers to track their
movements relative to agricultural fields, and provide house
dust samples. We will apply geographic information systems
(GIS) modelling tools to California's comprehensive Pesticide
Use Reporting (PUR) database (which records the active
ingredient, volume, date, time, and location of all
agricultural pesticide applications) to characterize pesticide
use around each girl's home and personal environs, and to
evaluate associations of nearby use of carcinogenic and
endocrine disrupting pesticides with levels in homes (house
dust) and personal exposures (silicone bracelet). Local teen
leaders from the YCC will be involved in all stages of the
research, including design, implementation, data analysis,
interpretation, and presentation of results. We will work with
the YCC to develop a locally appropriate curriculum using
publically available pesticide use maps to educate community
members about pesticide exposure. (Note that this project is
the corollary to a maternal pesticide exposure study we have
proposed to conduct as part of our Center grant renewal. The
value of including mothers is that we would include farm
workers in our maternal sample, which would allow us to better
differentiate the contributions of occupational versus ambient
exposures to overall exposure levels. We also anticipate that
current maternal exposure patterns will be more reflective of
maternal prenatal exposure patterns than will current teen
exposure patterns, which is an important consideration given
our Center grant's aim of extrapolating prenatal PUR-based
pesticide exposure levels for all members of the CHAMACOS cohort.)
Our Center's COTC infrastructure has also attracted funding which will increase the reach of our health education efforts. In late 2014, EPA awarded funding to our community partner, Clinica de Salud del Valle de Salinas and the California Department of Education Migrant Education Program, which allowed the project's primary health educator, Jose Camacho, to hold workshops in eight California counties with large migrant farmworker populations (i.e. Imperial, Fresno, Kern, Merced, Monterey, San Benito, San Joaquin, Santa Clara). These 'train-the-trainer” style workshops educated local parent leaders on delivering pesticide education material. The presentations were modelled on our effective and popular CHAMACOS 'Protecting Children from Pesticides” presentation, modules of which include 'why and where pesticides are used,” 'how they come in contact with people's bodies.” 'why children are more vulnerable,” 'short-term health effects,” 'long-term health effects,” 'your rights as farmworkers,” etc. The creation of these presentations was funded under the Center grant.
In addition to generating new funding sources, our COTC has continued to generate and distribute new resources, many of which are available through our website ( www.cerch.org).New materials released in 2015/2016 include resources for safer cosmetics designed by YCC members under CBCRP HERMOSA Project funding, and the continuing education course for pest management professionals described above: Providing IPM Services in Schools and Child Care Settings (http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/training/school-and-child-care-ipm.html).
Future Activities:
Project A: Our data collection work on this grant is
complete, but we continue to work with data generated from this
funding. We are currently preparing a manuscript for publication
showing striking, sex-differentiated associations between prenatal OP
pesticide exposures and children's executive functioning and attention
between ages 7 and 12. These findings suggest that boys experience
pronounced deficits in maternally-reported executive function and
child-assessed working memory in association with in utero OP
exposure. We are also beginning work on analyses focused on the timing
and tempo of puberty in CHAMACOS boys and girls, both as an outcome of
early childhood adversity and as a predictor of risk-taking behavior
in later adolescence. We expect to continue working with these data
for years to come.
We have also secured funding for continued follow-up of this
cohort through age 21 (with visits at 16, 18, and 21 years). As a
direct follow-up upon our EPA-funded work on neurodevelopment, we have
begun using a functional neuroimaging technique – functional
near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) – to assess neural activation
during tasks which challenge attention, executive function, memory,
and language processing. Our hope is that this technique will provide
further insight into specific neural processes that may be impacted by
early exposure to pesticides and other environmental contaminants.
Project B:
Data analyses of hair Mn and PBDE exposure determinants are continuing.
Project C:
The primary aims of this project are complete. We will continue with
data analysis and publications examining epigenetic marks and health outcomes.
Community Outreach and Translation Core:
All of the primary activities described above will continue in the next year. We will continue active engagement with our Youth Community Council including ongoing activities as part of the new Peer-to Peer Study. We will continue targeted outreach to community groups, and respond to invitations for presentations. Targeted outreach will focus on farmworkers, teachers, and child care providers. We will maintain ongoing contact with our Community Advisory Board and Agriculture and Farmworker Councils.
References:
Bradman A, Quirós-Alcalá L, Castorina R, Aguilar Schall R, Camacho J, Holland NT, Barr DB, Eskenazi B. Effect of Organic Diet Intervention on Pesticide Exposures in Young Children Living in Low-Income Urban and Agricultural Communities. Environ Health Perspect, 123(10):1086-93, 2015.
Eastman RR, Jursa TP, Benedetti C, Lucchini RG, Smith DR. Hair as a biomarker of environmental manganese exposure. Environmental science & technology. 2013 Jan 17;47(3):1629-37.
Erkin-Cakmak A, Harley KG, Chevrier J, Bradman A, Kogut K, Huen K, Eskenazi B. In utero and childhood polybrominated diphenyl ether exposures and body mass at age 7 years: the CHAMACOS study. Environmental health perspectives. 2015 Feb 27;123(6):636-42.
Eskenazi B, Rauch SA, Tenerelli R, Huen K, Holland NT, Lustig RH, Kogut K, Bradman A, Sjödin A, Harley KG. In utero and childhood DDT, DDE, PBDE and PCBs exposure and sex hormones in adolescent boys: The CHAMACOS study. Int J Hyg Environ Health, 220(2 Pt B):364-372, 2016.
Gaspar F, Harley KG, Kogut K, Chevrier J*, Bradman A, Eskenazi B. Prenatal DDT/E exposure and child IQ in the CHAMACOS cohort. Environ Int, 85:206-12, 2015.
Gunier RB, Mora AM, Smith D, Arora
M, Austin C, Eskenazi B, Bradman A. Biomarkers of manganese
exposure in pregnant women and children living in an agricultural
community in California. Environmental science & technology.
2014 Nov 21;48(24):14695-702.
Gunier RB, Jerrett M, Smith DR, Jursa T, Yousefi P, Camacho
J, Hubbard A, Eskenazi B, Bradman A. Determinants of manganese
levels in house dust samples from the CHAMACOS cohort. Science of
the Total Environment. 2014 Nov 1;497:360-8.
Gunier RB, Bradman A, Jerrett M, Smith DR, Harley KG, Austin C, Vedar M, Arora M, Eskenazi B. Determinants of manganese in prenatal dentin of shed teeth from CHAMACOS children living in an agricultural community. Environmental science & technology. 2013 Sep 23;47(19):11249-57.
Gunier RB, Bradman A, Harley KG, Kogut K, Eskenazi B. Prenatal Residential Proximity to Agricultural Pesticide Use and IQ in 7-Year-Old Children. Environ Health Perspect, 125(5):D57002, 2017.
Harley KG, Rauch SA, Chevrier J, Kogut K, Parra KL, Trujillo C, Lustig RH, Greenspan LC, Sjödin A, Bradman A, Eskenazi B. Association of prenatal and childhood PBDE exposure with timing of puberty in boys and girls. Environment international. 2017 Mar 1;100:132-8.
Huen, K., Harley, K., Kogut, K., Rauch, S., Eskenazi, B., Holland, N., 2016. DNA methylation of LINE-1 and Alu repetitive elements in relation to sex hormones and pubertal timing in Mexican-American children. Pediatr Res 79(6), 855-862.
Joubert BR, Felix JF, Yousefi P, Bakulski KM, Just AC, Breton C, Reese SE, Markunas CA, Richmond RC, Xu CJ, Küpers LK. DNA methylation in newborns and maternal smoking in pregnancy: genome-wide consortium meta-analysis. The American Journal of Human Genetics. 2016 Apr 7;98(4):680-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.02.019
Mora AM, Arora M, Harley KG, Kogut K, Parra K, Hernández-Bonilla D, Gunier RB*, Bradman A, Smith DR, Eskenazi B. Prenatal and postnatal manganese teeth levels and neurodevelopment at 7, 9, and 10.5 years in the CHAMACOS cohort. Environ Int, 84: 39-54, 2015.
Raanan R, Harley KG, Balmes JR, Bradman A, Lipsett M, Eskenazi B. Early-life exposure to organophosphate pesticides and pediatric respiratory symptoms in the CHAMACOS cohort. Environmental health perspectives. 2014 Nov 4;123(2):179-85.
Raanan R, Balmes JR, Harley KG, Gunier RB, Magzamen S, Bradman A, Eskenazi B. Decreased lung function in 7-year-old children with early-life organophosphate exposure. Thorax, 71(2):148-53, 2016.
Rowe C, Gunier R, Bradman A, Harley KG, Kogut K, Parra K, Eskenazi B. Residential proximity to organophosphate and carbamate pesticide use during pregnancy, poverty during childhood, and cognitive functioning in 10-year old children. Environ Res, 150:128-137, 2016.
Stein LJ, Gunier RB, Harley K, Kogut K, Bradman A, Eskenazi B. Early childhood adversity potentiates the adverse association between prenatal organophosphate pesticide exposure and child IQ: The CHAMACOS cohort. Neurotoxicology, 56:180-187, 2016.
Sagiv S, Kogut K, Gaspar F, Gunier RB*, Harley K, Parra K, Villaseñor D, Bradman A, Holland N, Eskenazi B. Prenatal and childhood polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure and attention and executive function at 9-12 years of age. Neurotoxicol Teratol, 52(Pt B):151-61, 2015.
Salvatore AL, Castorina R, Camacho J, Morga N, López J, Niskioka M, Barr DB, Eskenazi B, Bradman A. Home-based community health worker intervention to reduce pesticide exposures to farmworkers’ children: A randomized-controlled trial. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol , 25(6):608-615, 2015.
Sjödin A, Jones RS, Caudill SP, Wong LY, Turner WE, Calafat AM. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, and persistent pesticides in serum from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: 2003–2008. Environmental science & technology. 2013 Dec 19;48(1):753-60. https://doi.org/10.1021/es4037836
Verner MA, Gaspar FW, Chevrier J, Gunier RB, Sjödin A, Bradman A, Eskenazi B 2015. Increasing sample size in prospective birth cohorts: back-extrapolating prenatal levels of persistent organic pollutants in newly enrolled children. Environmental science & technology. Feb 27;49(6):3940-8.
Yousefi, P., Huen, K., Dave, V., Barcellos, L., Eskenazi, B., Holland, N., 2015. Sex differences in DNA methylation assessed by 450 K BeadChip in newborns. BMC Genomics 16, 911.
Journal Articles: 166 Displayed | Download in RIS Format
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Alkon A, Boyce WT, Davis NV, Eskenazi B. Developmental changes in autonomic nervous system resting and reactivity measures in Latino children from 6 to 60 months of age. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 2011;32(9):668-677. |
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Alkon A, Boyce WT, Tran L, Harley KG, Neuhaus J, Eskenazi B. Prenatal adversities and Latino children's autonomic nervous system reactivity trajectories from 6 months to 5 years of age. PLoS One 2014;9(1):e86283. |
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Alkon A, Harley K, Neilands T, Tambellini K, Ltig R, Boyce W, Eskenazi B. Latino Children's Body Mass Index at 2-3.5 Years Predicts Sympathetic Nervo System Activity at 5 Years. CHILDHOOD OBESITY 2014;10(3):214-224. |
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Alkon A, Harley KG, Neilands TB, Tambellini K, Lustig RH, Boyce WT, Eskenazi B. Latino children's body mass index at 2-3.5 years predicts sympathetic nervous system activity at 5 years. Childhood Obesity 2014;10(3):214-224. |
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Arora M, Bradman A, Austin C, Vedar M, Holland N, Eskenazi B, Smith DR. Determining fetal manganese exposure from mantle dentine of deciduous teeth. Environmental Science & Technology 2012;46(9):5118-5125. |
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Audelo J, Kogut K, Harley KG, Rosas LG, Stein L, Eskenazi B. Maternal depression and childhood overweight in the CHAMACOS Study of Mexican-American children. Maternal and Child Health Journal 2016;20(7):1405-1414. |
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AugsJoost B, Jerman P, Deardorff J, Harley K, Constantine NA. Factors associated with parent support for condom education and availability. Health Education & Behavior 2014;41(2):207-215. |
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Austin C, Smith TM, Bradman A, Hinde K, Joannes-Boyau R, Bishop D, Hare DJ, Doble P, Eskenazi B, Arora M. Barium distributions in teeth reveal early-life dietary transitions in primates. Nature 2013;498(7453):216-219. |
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Exit Exit |
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Beamer PI, Canales RA, Bradman A, Leckie JO. Farmworker children’s residential non-dietary exposure estimates from micro-level activity time series. Environment International 2009;35(8):1202-1209. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (Final) R831710 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Beamer PI, Canales RA, Ferguson AC, Leckie JO, Bradman A. Relative pesticide and exposure route contribution to aggregate and cumulative dose in young farmworker children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2012;9(1):73-96. |
R834513 (2013) R834513 (Final) R834513C002 (2013) R834513C002 (Final) R834513C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Beamer P, Canales RA, Leckie JO. Developing probability distributions for transfer efficiencies for dermal exposure. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 2009;19(3):274-283. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (Final) R831710 (2005) R831710 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Bennett DH, Moran RE, Wu X, Tulve NS, Clifton MS, Colon M, Weathers W, Sjodin A, Jones R, Hertz-Picciotto I. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations and resulting exposure in homes in California:relationships among passive air, surface wipe and dust concentrations, and temporal variability. Indoor Air 2015;25(2):220-229. |
R834513 (Final) R831540 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Berger K, Hyland C, Ames JL, Mora AM, Huen K, Eskenazi B, Holland N, Harley KG. Prenatal Exposure to Mixtures of Phthalates, Parabens, and Other Phenols and Obesity in Five-Year-Olds in the CHAMACOS Cohort T2 -International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(4):1796 |
R834513 (Final) |
not available |
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Binter A, Mora A, Baker J, Brono J, Kogut K, Rauch S, Reiss A, Eskenazi B, Sagiv S. Exposure to DDT and DDE and functional neuroimaging in adolescents from the CHAMACOS cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022;Part C(113461). |
R834513 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Bouchard MF, Chevrier J, Harley KG, Kogut K, Vedar M, Calderon N, Trujillo C, Johnson C, Bradman A, Barr DB, Eskenazi B. Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides and IQ in 7-year-old children. Environmental Health Perspectives 2011;119(8):1189-1195. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (2015) R834513 (2016) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2010) R834513C001 (2011) R834513C001 (2012) R831710 (Final) R832734 (Final) |
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Bradman A, Fenster L, Sjodin A, Jones RS, Patterson Jr DG, Eskenazi B. Polybrominated diphenyl ether levels in the blood of pregnant women living in an agricultural community in California. Environmental Health Perspectives 2007;115(1):71-74. |
R834513 (2010) R831710 (2005) R831710 (Final) R831710C001 (2007) R831710C002 (2007) |
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Bradman A, Castorina R, Barr DB, Chevrier J, Harnly ME, Eisen EA, McKone TE, Harley K, Holland N, Eskenazi B. Determinants of organophosphorus pesticide urinary metabolite levels in young children living in an agricultural community. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2011;8(4):1061-1083. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (2015) R834513 (2016) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2010) R834513C001 (2011) R834513C002 (2010) R834513C002 (2011) R834513C002 (2012) R834513C003 (2010) R834513C003 (2011) R834513C003 (Final) R831710 (Final) R832734 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Bradman A, Castorina R, Sjodin A, Fenster L, Jones RS, Harley KG, Chevrier J, Holland NT, Eskenazi B. Factors associated with serum polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels among school-age children in the CHAMACOS cohort. Environmental Science & Technology 2012;46(13):7373-7381. |
R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (Final) R834513C002 (2012) R834513C002 (2013) R834513C003 (2012) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Bradman A, Kogut K, Eisen EA, Jewell NP, Quiros-Alcala L, Castorina R, Chevrier J, Holland NT, Barr DB, Kavanagh-Baird G, Eskenazi B. Variability of organophosphorous pesticide metabolite levels in spot and 24-hr urine samples collected from young children during 1 week. Environmental Health Perspectives 2013;121(1):118-124. |
R834513 (2011) R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (Final) R834513C002 (2011) R834513C002 (2012) R834513C002 (2013) R834513C003 (Final) |
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Bradman A, Castorina R, Gaspar F, Nishioka M, Colon M, Weathers W, Egeghy PP, Maddalena R, Williams J, Jenkins PL, McKone TE. Flame retardant exposures in California early childhood education environments. Chemosphere 2014;116:61-66. |
R834513 (2014) R834513C002 (2014) R834513C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Bradman A, Quiros-Alcala L, Castorina R, Schall RA, Camacho J, Holland NT, Barr DB, Eskenazi B. Effect of organic diet intervention on pesticide exposures in young children living in low-income urban and agricultural communities. Environmental Health Perspectives 2015;123(10):1086-1093. |
R834513 (2014) R834513 (2016) R834513C002 (2014) R834513C002 (2015) R834513C002 (2016) R834513C003 (Final) |
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Caramaschi D, Neumann A, Cardenas A, Tindula G, Alemany S, Zillich L, Pesce G, Lahti J, Havdahl A, Mulder R. Meta-analysis of epigenome-wide associations between DNA methylation at birth and childhood cognitive skills. Molecular Psychiatry 22;. |
R834513 (Final) R826709 (2002) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Castorina R, Bradman A, Fenster L, Barr DB, Bravo R, Vedar MG, Harnly ME, McKone TE, Eisen EA, Eskenazi B. Comparison of current-use pesticide and other toxicant urinary metabolite levels among pregnant women in the CHAMACOS cohort and NHANES. Environmental Health Perspectives 2010;118(6):856-863. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (Final) R834513C002 (2010) R834513C002 (2011) R834513C003 (Final) R831710 (Final) |
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Castorina R, Bradman A, Sjodin A, Fenster L, Jones RS, Harley KG, Eisen EA, Eskenazi B. Determinants of serum polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels among pregnant women in the CHAMACOS cohort. Environmental Science & Technology 2011;45(15):6553-6560. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (2015) R834513 (2016) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2010) R834513C001 (2011) R834513C001 (2012) R834513C002 (2010) R834513C002 (2011) R834513C002 (2012) R834513C003 (2012) R834513C003 (Final) R831710 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Castorina R, Bradman A, Stapleton HM, Butt C, Avery D, Harley KG, Gunier RB, Holland N, Eskenazi B. Current-use flame retardants: maternal exposure and neurodevelopment in children of the CHAMACOS cohort. Chemosphere 2017;189:574-580. |
R834513 (2016) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2016) R834513C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Castorina R, Butt C, Stapleton HM, Avery D, Harley KG, Holland N, Eskenazi B, Bradman A. Flame retardants and their metabolites in the homes and urine of pregnant women residing in California (the CHAMACOS cohort). Chemosphere 2017;179:159-166. |
R834513 (Final) R834513C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Chadwick LH, Sawa A, Yang IV, Baccarelli A, Breakefield XO, Deng H-W, Dolinoy DC, Fallin MD, Holland NT, Houseman EA, Lomvardas S, Rao M, Satterlee JS, Tyson FL, Vijayanand P, Greally JM. New insights and updated guidelines for epigenome-wide association studies. Neuroepigenetics 2015;1:14-19. |
R834513 (2014) R834513 (2015) R834513C003 (2014) R834513C003 (2015) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Chevrier J, Harley KG, Bradman A, Gharbi M, Sjodin A, Eskenazi B. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants and thyroid hormone during pregnancy. Environmental Health Perspectives 2010;118(10):1444-1449. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (2015) R834513 (2016) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2010) R834513C001 (2011) R831710 (Final) |
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Chevrier J, Harley KG, Bradman A, Sjodin A, Eskenazi B. Prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants and neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in the CHAMACOS study. American Journal of Epidemiology 2011;174(10):1166-1174. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (2015) R834513 (2016) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2010) R834513C001 (2011) R834513C001 (2012) R831710 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Chevrier J, Harley KG, Kogut K, Holland N, Johnson C, Eskenazi B. Maternal thyroid function during the second half of pregnancy and child neurodevelopment at 6, 12, 24, and 60 months of age. Journal of Thyroid Research 2011;2011:426427 (13 pp.). |
R834513 (2011) R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (2015) R834513 (2016) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2010) R834513C001 (2011) R834513C001 (2012) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Chevrier J, Gunier RB, Bradman A, Holland NT, Calafat AM, Eskenazi B, Harley KG. Maternal urinary bisphenol A during pregnancy and maternal and neonatal thyroid function in the CHAMACOS study. Environmental Health Perspectives 2013;121(1):138-144. |
R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2012) R834513C001 (2013) |
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Chevrier J, Warner M, Gunier RB, Brambilla P, Eskenazi B, Mocarelli P. Serum dioxin concentrations and thyroid hormone levels in the Seveso Women’s Health Study. American Journal of Epidemiology 2014;180(5):490-498. |
R834513 (2014) R834513C001 (2014) R834513C001 (2015) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Chopra V, Harley K, Lahiff M, Eskenazi B. Association between phthalates and attention deficit disorder and learning disability in U.S. children, 6-15 years. Environmental Research 2014;128:64-69. |
R834513 (2014) R834513C001 (2014) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Coker E, Gunier R, Bradman A, Harley K, Kogut K, Molitor J, Eskenazi B. Association between Pesticide Profiles Used on Agricultural Fields near Maternal Residences during Pregnancy and IQ at Age 7 Years. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017;14(5):506 (20 pp.). |
R834513 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Dannemiller KC, Mendell MJ, Macher JM, Kumagai K, Bradman A, Holland N, Harley K, Eskenazi B, Peccia J. Next-generation DNA sequencing reveals that low fungal diversity in house dust is associated with childhood asthma development. Indoor Air 2014;24(3):236-247. |
R834513 (2014) R834513 (2015) R834513C001 (2015) R834513C002 (2014) |
Exit Exit |
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Daredia S, Huen K, van der Laan L, Collender P, Nwanaji-Enwerem J, Harley K, Deardorff J, Eskenazi B, Holland N, Cardenas A. Prenatal and birth associations of epigenetic gestational age acceleration in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) cohort. EPIGENETICS 2022;842. |
R834513 (Final) R826709 (2002) R831710 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Dave V, Yousefi P, Huen K, Volberg V, Holland N. Relationship between expression and methylation of obesity-related genes in children. Mutagenesis 2015;30(3):411-420. |
R834513 (2013) R834513 (2014) R834513 (2015) R834513 (Final) R834513C003 (2013) R834513C003 (2014) R834513C003 (2015) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Dave V, Street K, Francis S, Bradman A, Riley L, Eskenazi B, Holland N. Bacterial microbiome of breast milk and child saliva from low-income Mexican-American women and children. Pediatric Research 2016;79(6):846-854. |
R834513 (Final) R834513C002 (2016) R834513C003 (2015) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Deardorff J, Borgen N, Rauch S, Kogut K, Eskenazi B. Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences and Young Adult Latino Children's Mental Health. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTATIVE MEDICINE 2024;66(1):119-127 |
R834513 (Final) R826709 (2002) R831710 (Final) |
Exit |
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Deardorff J, Reeves J, Hayland C, Tilles S, Rauch S, Kogut K, Greenspan L, Shirtcliff E, Lustig R, Eskenazi B. Childhood Overweight and Obesity and Pubertal Onset Among Mexican-American Boys and Girls in the CHAMACOS Longitudinal Study. American Journal of Epidemiology 23;191(1):7-16. |
R834513 (Final) R826709 (2002) R831710 (Final) |
Exit |
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Duramad P, Holland NT. Biomarkers of immunotoxicity for environmental and public health research. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2011;8(5):1388-1401. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (2013) R834513 (Final) R834513C003 (2010) R834513C003 (2011) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Eastman RR, Jursa TP, Benedetti C, Lucchini RG, Smith DR. Hair as a biomarker of environmental manganese exposure. Environmental Science & Technology 2013;47(3):1629-1637. |
R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (Final) R834513C002 (2013) |
Exit |
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Ehrlich SF, Rosas LG, Ferrara A, King JC, Abrams B, Harley KG, Hedderson MM, Eskenazi B. Pregnancy glucose levels in women without diabetes or gestational diabetes and childhood cardiometabolic risk at 7 years of age. Journal of Pediatrics 2012;161(6):1016-1021. |
R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2012) R834513C001 (2013) |
Exit |
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Ehrlich SF, Rosas LG, Ferrara A, King JC, Abrams B, Harley KG, Hedderson MM, Eskenazi B. Pregnancy glycemia in Mexican-American women without diabetes or gestational diabetes and programming for childhood obesity. American Journal of Epidemiology 2013;177(8):768-775. |
R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2012) R834513C001 (2013) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Engel SM, Bradman A, Wolff MS, Rauh VA, Harley KG, Yang JH, Barr LHDB, Yolton K, Vedar MG, Xu Y, Hornung RW, Wetmur JG, Chen J, Holland N, Perera FP, Whyatt RM, Lanphear BP, Eskenazi B. Prenatal organophosphate pesticide exposure and child neurodevelopment at 24 months:an analysis of four birth cohorts. Environmental Health Perspectives 2016;124(6):822-30. |
R834513 (2016) R834513C001 (2016) |
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Engel SM, Bradman A, Wolff MS, Rauh VA, Harley KG, Yang JH, Hoepner LA, Barr DB, Yolton K, Vedar MG, Xu Y, Hornung RW, Wetmur JG, Chen J, Holland NT, Perera FP, Whyatt RM, Lanphear BP, Eskenazi B. Prenatal organophosphorus pesticide exposure and child neurodevelopment at 24 months: an analysis of four birth cohorts. Environmental Health Perspectives 2016;124(6):822-830. |
R834513 (2014) R834513 (2015) R834513C001 (2014) R834513C001 (2015) R834513C002 (2014) |
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Erkin-Cakmak A, Harley KG, Chevrier J, Bradman A, Kogut K, Huen K, Eskenazi B. In utero and childhood polybrominated diphenyl ether exposures and body mass at age 7 years: the CHAMACOS Study. Environmental Health Perspectives 2015;123(6):636-642. |
R834513 (2015) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2014) R834513C001 (2015) |
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Eskenazi B, Huen K, Marks A, Harley KG, Bradman A, Barr DB, Holland N. PON1 and neurodevelopment in children from the CHAMACOS study exposed to organophosphate pesticides in utero. Environmental Health Perspectives 2010;118(12):1775-1781. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (2015) R834513 (2016) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2010) R834513C001 (2011) R834513C003 (2010) R834513C003 (2011) R831710 (Final) R832734 (Final) |
Exit |
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Eskenazi B, Fenster L, Castorina R, Marks AR, Sjodin A, Rosas LG, Holland N, Guerra AG, Lopez-Carrillo L, Bradman A. A comparison of PBDE serum concentrations in Mexican and Mexican-American children living in California. Environmental Health Perspectives 2011;119(10):1442-1448. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (2015) R834513 (2016) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2010) R834513C001 (2011) R834513C001 (2012) R834513C002 (2010) R834513C002 (2011) R834513C002 (2012) R834513C003 (2010) R834513C003 (2011) R831710 (Final) |
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Eskenazi B, Chevrier J, Rauch SA, Kogut K, Harley KG, Johnson C, Trujillo C, Sjodin A, Bradman A. In utero and childhood polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposures and neurodevelopment in the CHAMACOS study. Environmental Health Perspectives 2013;121(2):257-262. |
R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (2014) R834513C001 (2012) R834513C001 (2013) R834513C003 (2013) |
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Eskenazi B, Bradman A, Finkton D, Purwar M, Noble JA, Pang R, Burnham O, Cheikh Ismail L, Farhi F, Barros FC, Lambert A, Papageorghiou AT, Carvalho M, Jaffer YA, Bertino E, Gravett MG, Altman DG, Ohuma EO, Kennedy SH, Bhutta ZA, Villar J, International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century. A rapid questionnaire assessment of environmental exposures to pregnant women in the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2013;120(Suppl 2):129-138. |
R834513 (2014) R834513C002 (2014) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Eskenazi B, Warner M, Sirtori M, Fuerst T, Rauch SA, Brambilla P, Mocarelli P, Rubinacci A. Serum dioxin concentrations and bone density and strucure in the Seveso Women’s Health Study. Environmental Health Perspectives 2014;122(1):51-57. |
R834513 (2014) R834513C001 (2014) |
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Eskenazi B, Quiros-Alcala L, Lipsitt JM, Wu LD, Kruger P, Ntimbane T, Nawn JB, Bornman R, Seto E. mSpray: a mobile phone technology to improve malaria control efforts and monitor human exposure to malaria control pesticides in Limpopo, South Africa. Environment International 2014;68:219-226. |
R834513 (2014) R834513C002 (2014) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Eskenazi B, Kogut K, Huen K, Harley KG, Bouchard M, Bradman A, Boyd-Barr D, Johnson C, Holland N. Organophosphate pesticide exposure, PON1, and neurodevelopment in school-age children from the CHAMACOS study. Environmental Research 2014;134:149-157. |
R834513 (2014) R834513 (2015) R834513C001 (2014) R834513C001 (2015) R826709 (2002) R832734 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Eskenazi B, Rauch SA, Tenerelli R, Huen K, Holland NT, Lustig RH, Kogut K, Bradman A, Sjödin A, Harley KG. In utero and childhood DDT, DDE, PBDE and PCBs exposure and sex hormones in adolescent boys: the CHAMACOS study. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 2017;220(2 Pt B):364-372. |
R834513 (2016) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2016) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Ferguson KK, Meeker JD, Cantonwine DE, Chen Y-H, Mukherjee B, McElrath TF. Urinary phthalate metabolite and bisphenol A associations with ultrasound and delivery indices of fetal growth. Environment International 2016;94:531-537. |
R834513 (Final) R835436 (2016) R835436 (2017) R836155 (2017) R836155 (2020) R836155C003 (2017) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Gaspar FW, Castorina R, Maddalena RL, Nishioka MG, McKone TE, Bradman A. Phthalate exposure and risk assessment in California child care facilities. Environmental Science & Technology 2014;48(13):7593-7601. |
R834513 (2014) R834513C002 (2014) R834513C002 (2015) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Gaspar FW, Harley KG, Kogut K, Chevrier J, Mora AM, Sjodin A, Eskenazi B. Prenatal DDT and DDE exposure and child IQ in the CHAMACOS cohort. Environment International 2015;85:206-212. |
R834513 (2014) R834513 (2015) R834513C001 (2014) R834513C001 (2015) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Gemmill A, Gunier RB, Bradman A, Eskenazi B, Harley KG. Residential proximity to methyl bromide use and birth outcomes in an agricultural population in California. Environmental Health Perspectives 2013;121(6):737-743. |
R834513 (2013) R834513 (2014) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2013) R834513C001 (2014) |
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Gomez N, Guendelman S, Harley KG, Gomez SL. Nativity and neighborhood characteristics and cervical cancer stage at diagnosis and survival outcomes among Hispanic women in California. American Journal of Public Health 2015;105(3):538-545. |
R834513C001 (2015) |
Exit |
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Guerrero J, Madrigal DS, Minkler M. What is…?: a research ethics Jeopardy™ game to help community partners understand human subjects protections and their importance. Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action 2014;8(3):405-411. |
R834513 (2014) R834513 (2015) R834513 (Final) R834513C004 (2013) R834513C004 (2014) R834513C004 (2015) |
Exit Exit |
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Gunier RB, Bradman A, Jerrett M, Smith DR, Harley KG, Austin C, Vedar M, Arora M, Eskenazi B. Determinants of manganese in prenatal dentin of shed teeth from CHAMACOS children living in an agricultural community. Environmental Science & Technology 2013;47(19):11249-11257. |
R834513 (2013) R834513 (2014) R834513 (Final) R834513C002 (2013) R834513C002 (2014) R826709 (2002) |
Exit Exit |
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Gunier RB, Mora AM, Smith D, Arora M, Austin C, Eskenazi B, Bradman A. Biomarkers of manganese exposure in pregnant women and children living in an agricultural community in California. Environmental Science & Technology 2014;48(24):14695-14702. |
R834513 (2011) R834513 (2013) R834513 (2014) R834513 (2015) R834513 (Final) R834513C002 (2014) R834513C002 (2015) R834513C004 (2011) R826709 (2002) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Gunier RB, Jerrett M, Smith DR, Jursa T, Yousefi P, Camacho J, Hubbard A, Eskenazi B, Bradman A. Determinants of manganese levels in house dust samples from the CHAMACOS cohort. Science of the Total Environment 2014;497-498:360-368. |
R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (2014) R834513 (2015) R834513 (Final) R834513C002 (2010) R834513C002 (2012) R834513C002 (2014) R834513C002 (2015) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Gunier RB, Arora M, Jerrett M, Bradman A, Harley KG, Mora AM, Kogut K, Hubbard A, Austin C, Holland N, Eskenazi B. Manganese in teeth and neurodevelopment in young Mexican-American children. Environmental Research 2015;142:688-695. |
R834513 (2014) R834513 (2015) R834513 (2016) R834513C001 (2014) R834513C001 (2015) R834513C001 (2016) R834513C002 (2014) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Gunier RB, Bradman A, Harley KG, Eskenazi B. Will buffer zones around schools in agricultural areas be adequate to protect children from the potential adverse effects of pesticide exposure? PLoS Biology 2017;15(12):e2004741 (7 pp.). |
R834513 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Gunier RB, Bradman A, Harley KG, Kogut K, Eskenazi B. Prenatal residential proximity to agricultural pesticide use and IQ in 7-year-old children. Environmental Health Perspectives 2017;125(5):057002 (8 pp.). |
R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2015) R834513C001 (2016) |
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Gunier RB, Bradman A, Castorina R, Holland NT, Avery D, Harley KG, Eskenazi B. Residential proximity to agricultural fumigant use and IQ, attention and hyperactivity in 7-year old children. Environmental Research 2017;158:358-365. |
R834513 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Gunier R, Deardorff J, Rauch S, Bradshaw P, Kogut K, Sagiv S, Hyland C, Mora A, Eskenazi B. Residential proximity to agricultural pesticide use and risk-taking behaviors in young adults from the CHAMACOS study. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022;215(2) |
R834513 (Final) R826709 (2002) |
Exit |
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Harley KG, Marks AR, Chevrier J, Bradman A, Sjodin A, Eskenazi B. PBDE concentrations in women’s serum and fecundability. Environmental Health Perspectives 2010;118(5):699-704. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (Final) R831710 (Final) |
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Harley KG, Huen K, Aguilar Schall R, Holland NT, Bradman A, Barr DB, Eskenazi B. Association of organophosphate pesticide exposure and paraoxonase with birth outcome in Mexican-American women. PLoS ONE 2011;6(8):e23923 (10 pp.). |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (2015) R834513 (2016) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2010) R834513C001 (2011) R834513C001 (2012) R832734 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Harley KG, Chevrier J, Schall RA, Sjodin A, Bradman A, Eskenazi B. Association of prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and infant birth weight. American Journal of Epidemiology 2011;174(8):885-892. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (2015) R834513 (2016) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2010) R834513C001 (2011) R834513C001 (2012) R831710 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Harley KG, Aguilar Schall R, Chevrier J, Tyler K, Aguirre H, Bradman A, Holland NT, Lustig RH, Calafat AM, Eskenazi B. Prenatal and postnatal bisphenol A exposure and body mass index in childhood in the CHAMACOS cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives 2013;121(4):514-520. |
R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2012) R834513C001 (2013) |
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Harley KG, Gunier RB, Kogut K, Johnson C, Bradman A, Calafat AM, Eskenazi B. Prenatal and early childhood bisphenol A concentrations and behavior in school-aged children. Environmental Research 2013;126:43-50. |
R834513 (2014) R834513C001 (2014) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Harley KG, Engel SM, Vedar MG, Eskenazi B, Whyatt RM, Lanphear BP, Bradman A, Rauh VA, Yolton K, Hornung RW, Wetmur JG, Chen J, Holland NT, Barr DB, Perera FP, Wolff MS. Prenatal exposure to organophosphorous pesticides and fetal growth: pooled results from four longitudinal birth cohort studies. Environmental Health Perspectives 2016;124(7):1084-1092. |
R834513C001 (2015) R826709 (2002) R826886 (2000) R827027 (2002) R827039 (2002) R828609 (Final) R831710 (Final) R832141 (Final) |
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Harley KG, Engel SM, Vedar MG, Eskenazi B, Whyatt RM, Lanphear BP, Bradman A, Rauh VA, Yolton K, Hornung RW, Wetmur JG, Chen J, Holland NT, Barr DB, Perera FP, Wolff MS. Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides and fetal growth: pooled results from four longitudinal birth cohort studies. Environmental Health Perspectives 2016;124(7):1084-1092. |
R834513 (2014) R834513 (2015) R834513 (2016) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2014) R834513C002 (2014) R834513C002 (Final) R834513C003 (Final) |
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Harley KG, Kogut K, Madrigal DS, Cardenas M, Vera IA, Meza-Alfaro G, She J, Gavin Q, Zahedi R, Bradman A, Eskenazi B, Parra KL. Reducing phthalate, paraben, and phenol exposure from personal care products in adolescent girls: findings from the HERMOSA Intervention Study. Environmental Health Perspectives 2016;124(10):1600-1607. |
R834513C001 (2016) R834513C002 (2015) R834513C004 (2015) |
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Harley KG, Rauch SA, Chevrier J, Kogut K, Parra KL, Trujillo C, Lustig RH, Greenspan LC, Sjodin A, Bradman A, Eskenazi B. Association of prenatal and childhood PBDE exposure with timing of puberty in boys and girls. Environment International 2017;100:132-138. |
R834513 (2014) R834513 (2015) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2014) R834513C001 (2015) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Harley KG, Berger K, Rauch S, Kogut K, Henn BC, Calafat AM, Huen K, Eskenazi B, Holland N. Association of prenatal urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and childhood BMI and obesity. Pediatric Research 2017;82(3):405-415. |
R834513 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Harnly ME, Bradman A, Nishioka M, McKone TE, Smith D, McLaughlin R, Kavanagh-Baird G, Castorina R, Eskenazi B. Pesticides in dust from homes in an agricultural area. Environmental Science & Technology 2009;43(23):8767-8774. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (Final) R831710 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Heggeseth B, Harley K, Warner M, Jewell N, Eskenazi B. Detecting associations between early-life DDT exposures and childhood growth patterns: a novel statistical approach. PLoS ONE 2015;10(6):e0131443 (13 pp.). |
R834513 (2015) R834513C001 (2015) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Heggeseth B, Holland N, Eskenazi B, Harley K. Heterogeneity in childhood body mass trajectories in relation to prenatal phthalate exposure. Environmental Research 2019;175:22-23. |
R834513 (Final) R826709 (2002) R831710 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Holland N, Lizarraga D, Huen K. Recent progress in the genetics and epigenetics of paraoxonase: why it is relevant to children's environmental health. Current Opinion in Pediatrics 2015;27(2):240-247. |
R834513 (2013) R834513 (2014) R834513 (2015) R834513 (Final) R834513C003 (2013) R834513C003 (2014) R834513C003 (2015) R834513C004 (2013) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Holland N. 2016. Future of environmental research in the age of epigenomics and exposomics. Review of Environmental Health. 32(1-2), 45-54. |
R834513 (2016) |
not available |
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Holm S, Balmes J, Gunier R, kogut K, Harley K, Eskenazi B. Cognitive Development and Prenatal Air Pollution Exposure in the CHAMACOS Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023;131(3):037007 |
R834513 (Final) R831710 (Final) |
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Huen K, Richter R, Furlong C, Eskenazi B, Holland N. Validation of PON1 enzyme activity assays for longitudinal studies. Clinica Chimica Acta 2009;402(1-2):67-74. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (Final) R831709 (2007) R831710 (Final) R832734 (2009) R832734 (Final) |
Exit |
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Huen K, Harley K, Brooks J, Hubbard A, Bradman A, Eskenazi B, Holland N. Developmental changes in PON1 enzyme activity in young children and effects of PON1 polymorphisms. Environmental Health Perspectives 2009;117(10):1632-1638. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (Final) R831710 (Final) R832734 (2009) R832734 (Final) |
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Huen K, Harley K, Bradman A, Eskenazi B, Holland N. Longitudinal changes in PON1 enzymatic activities in Mexican-American mothers and children with different genotypes and haplotypes. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2010;244(2):181-189. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (Final) R832734 (2009) R832734 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Huen K, Barcellos L, Beckman K, Rose S, Eskenazi B, Holland N. Effects of PON polymorphisms and haplotypes on molecular phenotype in Mexican-American mothers and children. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2011;52(2):105-116. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (2015) R834513 (2016) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2010) R834513C001 (2011) R831710 (Final) R832734 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Huen K, Bradman A, Harley K, Yousefi P, Boyd Barr D, Eskenazi B, Holland N. Organophosphate pesticide levels in blood and urine of women and newborns living in an agricultural community. Environmental Research 2012;117:8-16. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (2015) R834513 (2016) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2010) R834513C001 (2011) R834513C002 (2010) R834513C002 (2012) R834513C002 (2013) R834513C003 (2010) R834513C003 (2011) R834513C003 (2012) R831710 (Final) R832734 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Huen K, Harley K, Beckman K, Eskenazi B, Holland N. Associations of PON1 and genetic ancestry with obesity in early childhood. PLoS One 2013;8(5):e62565. |
R834513 (2013) R834513 (2014) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2013) R834513C003 (2014) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Huen K, Yousefi P, Bradman A, Yan L, Harley KG, Kogut K, Eskenazi B, Holland N. Effects of age, sex, and persistent organic pollutants on DNA methylation in children. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2014;55(3):209-222. |
R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (2014) R834513 (2015) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2015) R834513C003 (2010) R834513C003 (2012) R834513C003 (2014) |
Exit Exit |
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Huen K, Yousefi P, Street K, Eskenazi B, Holland N. PON1 as a model for integration of genetic, epigenetic, and expression data on candidate susceptibility genes. Environmental Epigenetics 2015;1(1):dvv003. |
R834513 (2015) R834513C003 (2015) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Huen K, Harley K, Kogut K, Rauch S, Eskenazi B, Holland N. DNA methylation of LINE-1 and Alu repetitive elements in relation to sex hormones and pubertal timing in Mexican-American children. Pediatric Research 2016;79(6):855-862. |
R834513 (2014) R834513 (2015) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2015) R834513C003 (2016) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Huland C, Bradshaw P, Deardorff J, Sagiv S, Bradman A, Eskenzai B. Interactions of agricultural pesticide use near home during pregnancy and adverse childhood experiences on adolescent neurobehavioral development in the CHAMACOS study. Environmental Research 2022;204(2). |
R834513 (Final) R826709 (2002) R832141 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Hyland C, Mora A, Kogut K, Calafat A, Harley K, Deardorff J, Holland N, Eskenazi B, Sagiv S. Prenatal Exposure to Phthalates and Neurodevelopment in the CHAMACOS Cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives 2019;127(10):107010-107010. |
R834513 (Final) |
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Johnson M, Deardorff J, Davis EL, Martinez W, Eskenazi B, Alkon A. The relationship between maternal responsivity, socioeconomic status, and resting autonomic nervous system functioning in Mexican American children. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2017;116:45-52. |
R834513 (Final) |
Exit |
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Kalantzi O, Castorina R, Gunier R, Kogut K, Holland N, Eskenazi B, Bradman A. Determinants of organophosphorus pesticide urinary metabolite levels in pregnant women from the CHAMACOS cohort. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022;854(158551). |
R834513 (Final) R826709 (2002) R831710 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Kalantzi O, Castorina R, Gunier R, Kogut K, Holland N, Eskenazi B, Bradman A. Determinants of organophosphorus pesticide urinary metabolite levels in pregnant women from the CHAMACOS cohort. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022;854(158551). |
R834513 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Lizarraga D, Huen K, Combs M, Escudero-Fung M, Eskenazi B, Holland N. miRNAs differentially expressed by next-generation sequencing in cord blood buffy coat samples of boys and girls. Epigenomics 2016;8(12):1619-1635. |
R834513 (Final) |
Exit |
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Lopez-Espinosa M-J, Mondal D, Armstrong BG, Eskenazi B, Fletcher T. Perfluoroalkyl substances, sex hormones, and insulin-like growth factor-1 at 6-9 years of age: a cross-sectional analysis within the C8 Health Project. Environmental Health Perspectives 2016;124(8):1269-1275. |
R834513 (2014) R834513C001 (2014) R834513C001 (2015) |
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Macher JM, Mendell MJ, Kumagai K, Holland NT, Camacho JM, Harley KG, Eskenazi B, Bradman A. Higher measured moisture in California homes with qualitative evidence of dampness. Indoor Air 2016;26(6):892-902. |
R834513C002 (2015) |
Exit Exit |
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Madrigal DS, Salvatore A, Casillas G, Casillas C, Vera I, Eskenazi B, Minkler M. Health in my community: conducting and evaluating PhotoVoice as a tool to promote environmental health and leadership among Latino/a youth. Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action 2014;8(3):317-329. |
R834513 (2014) R834513 (2015) R834513 (Final) R834513C004 (2013) R834513C004 (2014) R834513C004 (2015) |
Exit |
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Marks AR, Harley K, Bradman A, Kogut K, Barr DB, Johnson C, Calderon N, Eskenazi B. Organophosphate pesticide exposure and attention in young Mexican-American children: the CHAMACOS Study. Environmental Health Perspectives 2010;118(12):1768-1774. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (2015) R834513 (2016) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2010) R834513C001 (2011) R831710 (Final) R832734 (Final) |
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Mora AM, van Wendel de Joode B, Mergler D, Cordoba L, Cano C, Quesada R, Smith DR, Menezes-Filho JA, Lundh T, Lindh CH, Bradman A, Eskenazi B. Blood and hair manganese concentrations in pregnant women from the Infants’ Environmental Health Study (ISA) in Costa Rica. Environmental Science & Technology 2014;48(6):3467-3476. |
R834513 (2014) R834513C001 (2014) R834513C002 (2014) R834513C002 (2015) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Mora AM, van Wendel de Joode B, Mergler D, Cordoba L, Cano C, Quesada R, Smith DR, Menezes-Filho JA, Eskenazi B. Maternal blood and hair manganese concentrations, fetal growth, and length of gestation in the ISA cohort in Costa Rica. Environmental Research 2015;136:47-56. |
R834513 (2014) R834513C001 (2015) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Mora AM, Arora M, Harley KG, Kogut K, Parra K, Hernandez-Bonilla D, Gunier RB, Bradman A, Smith DR, Eskenazi B. Prenatal and postnatal manganese teeth levels and neurodevelopment at 7, 9, and 10.5 years in the CHAMACOS cohort. Environment International 2015;84:39-54. |
R834513 (2014) R834513 (2015) R834513 (2016) R834513C001 (2014) R834513C001 (2015) R834513C001 (2016) R826709 (2002) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Payne-Sturges D, Cohen J, Castorina R, Axelrad DA, Woodruff TJ. Evaluating cumulative organophosphorus pesticide body burden of children: a national case study. Environmental Science & Technology 2009;43(20):7924-7930. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (Final) R831710 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Percy Z, La Guardia M, Xu Y, Hale R, Dietrich K, Lanphear B, Yolton K, Vuong A, Cecil K, Braun J, Xie C, Chen A. Concentrations and loadings of organophosphate and replacement brominated flame retardants in house dust from the home study during the PBDE phase-out. CHEMOSPHERE 2020;239. |
R834513 (Final) R829389 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Quiros-Alcala L, Bradman A, Nishioka M, Harnly ME, Hubbard A, McKone TE, Eskenazi B. Concentrations and loadings of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in dust from low-income households in California. Environment International 2011;37(3):592-596. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (2015) R834513 (2016) R834513C001 (2010) R834513C001 (2011) R834513C002 (2010) R834513C002 (2011) R834513C002 (2012) R831710 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Quiros-Alcala L, Bradman A, Nishioka M, Harnly ME, Hubbard A, McKone TE, Ferber J, Eskenazi B. Pesticides in house dust from urban and farmworker households in California: an observational measurement study. Environmental Health 2011;10:19 (15 pp.). |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (2015) R834513 (2016) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2010) R834513C001 (2011) R834513C002 (2010) R834513C002 (2011) R834513C002 (2012) R831710 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Quiros-Alcala L, Alkon AD, Boyce WT, Lippert S, Davis NV, Bradman A, Barr DB, Eskenazi B. Maternal prenatal and child organophosphate pesticide exposures and children's autonomic function. NeuroToxicology 2011;32(5):646-655. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (2015) R834513 (2016) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2010) R834513C001 (2011) R834513C001 (2012) R832734 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Quiros-Alcala L, Bradman A, Smith K, Weerasekera G, Odetokun M, Barr DB, Nishioka M, Castorina R, Hubbard AE, Nicas M, Hammond SK, McKone TE, Eskenazi B. Organophosphorous pesticide breakdown products in house dust and children's urine. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 2012;22(6):559-568. |
R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (Final) R834513C002 (2012) R834513C002 (2013) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Quiros-Alcala L, Eskenazi B, Bradman A, Ye X, Calafat AM, Harley K. Determinants of urinary bisphenol A concentrations in Mexican/Mexican-American pregnant women. Environment International 2013;59:152-160. |
R834513 (2013) R834513 (2014) R834513 (Final) R834513C002 (2013) R834513C002 (2014) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Quiros-Alcala L, Mehta S, Eskenazi B. Pyrethroid pesticide exposure and parental report of learning disability and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in U.S. children: NHANES 1999-2002. Environmental Health Perspectives 2014;122(12):1336-1342. |
R834513 (2014) R834513C001 (2014) R834513C001 (2015) |
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Raanan R, Harley KG, Balmes JR, Bradman A, Lipsett M, Eskenazi B. Early-life exposure to organophosphate pesticides and pediatric respiratory symptoms in the CHAMACOS cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives 2015;123(2):179-185. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2014) R834513 (2015) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2014) R834513C001 (2015) R826709 (2002) R831710 (Final) |
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Raanan R, Balmes JR, Harley KG, Gunier RB, Magzamen S, Bradman A, Eskenazi B. Decreased lung function in 7-year-old children with early-life organophosphate exposure. Thorax 2016;71(2):148-153. |
R834513 (2015) R834513 (2016) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2014) R834513C001 (2015) R834513C001 (2016) R826709 (2002) R831710 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Raanan R, Gunier RB, Balmes JR, Beltran AJ, Harley KG, Bradman A, Eskenazi B. Elemental sulfur use and associations with pediatric lung function and respiratory symptoms in an agricultural community (California, USA). Environmental Health Perspectives 2017;125(8):087007 (8 pp.). |
R834513 (Final) R826709 (2002) R831710 (Final) R834514 (Final) |
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Rahmani E, Ghenhav L, Schweiger R, Yoefi P, Huen K, Eskenazi B, Eng C, Huntsman S, Hu D, Glanter J, Oh S, Waldenberger M, Strauch K, Grallert H, Meitinger T, Geiger C, Holland N, Burchard E, aetlen N, Halperin E. Genome-wide methylation data mirror ancestry information. EPIGENETICS & CHROMATIN 2017;10(1). |
R834513 (Final) R826709 (2002) |
Exit Exit |
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Rosas LG, Harley K, Fernald LC, Guendelman S, Mejia F, Neufeld LM, Eskenazi B. Dietary associations of household food insecurity among children of Mexican descent: results of a binational study. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2009;109(12):2001-2009. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (Final) |
Exit |
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Rosas LG, Harley KG, Guendelman S, Fernald LC, Mejia F, Eskenazi B. Maternal perception of child weight among Mexicans in California and Mexico. Maternal and Child Health Journal 2010;14(6):886-894. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Rosas LG, Guendelman S, Harley K, Fernald LC, Neufeld L, Mejia F, Eskenazi B. Factors associated with overweight and obesity among children of Mexican descent:results of a binational study. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 2011;13(1):169-180. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (Final) R831710 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Rosas LG, Trujillo C, Camacho J, Madrigal D, Bradman A, Eskenazi B. Acceptability of health information technology aimed at environmental health education in a prenatal clinic. Patient Education and Counseling 2014;97(2):244-247. |
R834513 (2014) R834513 (2015) R834513 (Final) R834513C004 (2014) R834513C004 (2015) |
Exit Exit |
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Rowe C, Gunier R, Bradman A, Harley KG, Kogut K, Parra K, Eskenazi B. Residential proximity to organophosphate and carbamate pesticide use during pregnancy, poverty during childhood, and cognitive functioning in 10-year-old children. Environmental Research 2016;150:128-137. |
R834513 (2015) R834513 (2016) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2015) R834513C001 (2016) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Sagiv SK, Kogut K, Gaspar FW, Gunier RB, Harley KG, Parra K, Villasenor D, Bradman A, Holland N, Eskenazi B. Prenatal and childhood polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure and attention and executive function at 9-12 years of age. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 2015:52(Pt B):151-161. |
R834513 (2014) R834513 (2015) R834513 (2016) R834513C001 (2014) R834513C001 (2015) R834513C001 (2016) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Sagiv SK, Bruno JL, Baker JM, Palzes V, Kogut K, Rauch S, Gunier R, Mora AM, Reiss AL, Eskenazi B. Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides and functional neuroimaging in adolescents living in proximity to pesticide application. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2019;116(37):18347-56 |
R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2016) R831710 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Sagiv S, Kogut K, Harley K, Bradman A, Morga N, Eskenazi B. Gestational Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides and Longitudinally Assessed Behaviors Related to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Executive Function. American Journal of Epidemiology 01;190(11):2420-2431. |
R834513 (Final) R826709 (2002) R831710 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Sagiv S, Rauch S, Kogut K, Huland C, Gunier R, Mora A, Bradman A, Deardorff J, Eskenazi B. Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides and risk-taking behaviors in early adulthood. Environmental Health 10;21(1). |
R834513 (Final) R826709 (2002) R831710 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Sagiv S, Mora A, Rauch S, Kogut K, Hyland C, Gunier R, Bradman A, Deardorff J, Eskenazi B. Prenatal and Childhood Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides and Behavior Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults in the CHAMACOS Study. EMVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023;131(6):067008 |
R834513 (Final) R826709 (2002) R831710 (Final) |
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Salvatore AL, Chevrier J, Bradman A, Camacho J, Lopez J, Kavanagh-Baird G, Minkler M, Eskenazi B. A community-based participatory worksite intervention to reduce pesticide exposures to farmworkers and their families. American Journal of Public Health 2009;99(Suppl 3):S578-S581. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (Final) R831710 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Salvatore AL, Castorina R, Camacho J, Morga N, Lopez J, Nishioka M, Barr DB, Eskenazi B, Bradman A. Home-based community health worker intervention to reduce pesticide exposures to farmworkers’ children: a randomized-controlled trial. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 2015;25(6):608-615. |
R834513 (2014) R834513 (2015) R834513 (2016) R834513C002 (2014) R834513C002 (2015) R834513C002 (2016) R834513C004 (2015) |
Exit |
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Scholtz, RI, McLaughlin KR, Cirillo PM, Petreas M, Park J-S, Wolff MS, Factor-Litvak P, Eskenazi B, Krigbaum N, Cohn BA. Assaying organochlorines in archived serum for a large, long-term cohort:implications of combining assay results from multiple laboratories over time. Environment International 2011;37(4):709-714. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (Final) R831710 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Sermondade N, Faure C, Fezeu L, Shayeb AG, Bonde JP, Jensen TK, Van Wely M, Cao J, Martini AC, Eskandar M, Chavarro JE, Koloszar S, Twigt JM, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Borges Jr. E, Lotti F, Steegers-Theunissen RPM, Zorn B, Polotsky AJ, La Vignera S, Eskenazi B, Tremellen K, Magnusdottir EV, Fejes I, Hercberg S, Levy R, Czernichow S. BMI in relation to sperm count: an updated systematic review and collaborative meta-analysis. Human Reproduction Update 2013;19(3):221-231. |
R834513 (2014) R834513C001 (2014) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Sjodin A, Jones RS, Gunier RB, Wong LY, Holland N, Eskenazi B, Bradman, A. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, and 2,2-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene in 7-and 9-year-old children and their mothers in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas Cohort. Environmental Science & Technology 2018;52(4):2287-2294. |
R834513 (Final) R834513C002 (2015) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Sly PD Eskenazi B, Pronczuk J, Sram R, Diaz-Barriga F, Machin DG, Carpenter DO, Surdu S, Meslin EM. Ethical issues in measuring biomarkers in children's environmental health. Environmental Health Perspectives 2009;117(8):1185-1190. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (Final) R831710 (Final) R832734 (2009) R832734 (Final) |
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Solomon O, Yousefi P, Huen K, Gunier RB, Escudero-Fung M, Barcellos LF, Eskenazi B, Holland N. Prenatal phthalate exposure and altered patterns of DNA methylation in cord blood. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2017;58(6):398-410. |
R834513 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Stein LJ, Gunier RB, Harley K, Kogut K, Bradman A, Eskenazi B. Early childhood adversity potentiates the adverse association between prenatal organophosphate pesticide exposure and child IQ: the CHAMACOS cohort. Neurotoxicology 2016;56:180-187. |
R834513 (2015) R834513 (2016) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2015) R834513C001 (2016) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Torres JM, Deardorff J, Gunier RB, Harley KG, Alkon A, Kogut K, Eskenazi B. Worry about deportation and cardiovascular disease risk factors among adult women: the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas Study. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 2018;52(2):186-193. |
R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2016) |
Exit Exit |
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van Wendel de Joode B, Mora AM, Cordoba L, Cano JC, Quesada R, Faniband M, Wesseling C, Ruepert C, Oberg M, Eskenazi B, Mergler D, Lindh CH. Aerial application of mancozeb and urinary ethylene thiourea (ETU) concentrations among pregnant women in Costa Rica: the Infants’ Environmental Health Study (ISA). Environmental Health Perspectives 2014;122(12):1321-1328. |
R834513 (2014) R834513C002 (2014) R834513C002 (2015) |
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Vargas A, Constaneda J, Lilgedahl E, Mora A, Menezes J, Smith D, Mergler D, Reich B, Giffin A, Hoppin J, Lindh C, de Joode B. Exposure to common-use pesticides, manganese, lead, and thyroid function among pregnant women from the Infants' Environmental Health (ISA) study, Costa Rica. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022;810:151288. |
R834513 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Verner M-A, Gaspar FW, Chevrier J, Gunier RB, Sjodin A, Bradman A, Eskenazi B. Increasing sample size in prospective birth cohorts:back-extrapolating prenatal levels of persistent organic pollutants in newly enrolled children. Environmental Science & Technology 2015;49(6):3940-3948. |
R834513 (2014) R834513 (2015) R834513C001 (2015) R834513C002 (2014) R834513C002 (2015) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Vernet C, Johnson M, Kogut K, Hyland C, Deardorff J, Bradman A, Eskenazi B. Organophosphate pesticide exposure during pregnancy and childhood and onset of juvenile delinquency by age 16 years:The CHAMACOS cohort. Environmental Research 2021;197. |
R834513 (Final) R826709 (2002) R831710 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Volberg V, Harley KG, Aguilar RS, Rosas LG, Huen K, Yousefi P, Dave V, Phan N, Lustig RH, Eskenazi B, Holland N. Associations between perinatal factors and adiponectin and leptin in 9-year-old Mexican-American children. Pediatric Obesity 2013;8(6):454-463. |
R834513 (2013) R834513 (2014) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2013) R834513C003 (2014) |
Exit Exit |
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Volberg V, Heggeseth B, Harley K, Huen K, Yousefi P, Dave V, Tyler K, Vedar M, Eskenazi B, Holland N. Adiponectin and leptin trajectories in Mexican-American children from birth to 9 years of age. PLoS One 2013;8(10):e77964 (8 pp.). |
R834513 (2014) R834513C003 (2014) |
Exit Exit |
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Volberg V, Harley K, Calafat AM, Dave V, McFadden J, Eskenazi B, Holland N. Maternal bisphenol A exposure during pregnancy and its association with adipokines in Mexican-American children. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2013;54(8):621-628. |
R834513 (2014) R834513C001 (2014) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Warner M, Mocarelli P, Brambilla P, Wesselink A, Samuels S, Signorini S, Eskenazi B. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity in relation to serum dioxin concentrations: the Seveso Women's Health Study. Environmental Health Perspectives 2013;121(8):906-911. |
R834513 (2013) R834513 (2014) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2013) R834513C001 (2014) |
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Warner M, Schall RA, Harley KG, Bradman A, Barr D, Eskenazi B. In utero DDT and DDE exposure and obesity status of 7-year-old Mexican-American children in the CHAMACOS cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives 2013;121(5):631-636. |
R834513 (2013) R834513 (2014) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2013) R834513C001 (2014) R834513C003 (2013) |
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Warner M, Wesselink A, Harley KG, Bradman A, Kogut K, Eskenazi B. Prenatal exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and obesity at 9 years of age in the CHAMACOS Study cohort. American Journal of Epidemiology 2014;179(11):1312-1322. |
R834513 (2014) R834513C001 (2014) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Warner M, Mocarelli P, Brambilla P, Wesselink A, Patterson Jr. DG, Turner WE, Eskenazi B. Serum TCDD and TEQ concentrations among Seveso women, 20 years after the explosion. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 2014;24(6):588-594. |
R834513 (2014) R834513C002 (2014) |
Exit Exit |
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Warner M, Ye M, Harley K, Kogut K, Bradman A, Eskenazi B. Prenatal DDT exposure and child adiposity at 12 years of age in the CHAMACOS cohort. Environmental Research 2017;159:606-612. |
R834513 (2016) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2016) |
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Waters SF, Boyce WT, Eskenazi B, Alkon A. The impact of maternal depression and overcrowded housing on associations between autonomic nervous system reactivity and externalizing behavior problems in vulnerable Latino children. Psychophysiology 2016;53(1):97-104. |
R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2016) |
Exit |
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Watkins DJ, Milewski S, Domino SE, Meeker JD, Padmanabhan V. Maternal phthalate exposure during early pregnancy and at delivery in relation to gestational age and size at birth: a preliminary analysis. Reproductive Toxicology 2016;65:59-66. |
R834513 (Final) R835436 (2016) R835436 (2017) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Weerasekera G, Smith KD, Quiros-Alcala L, Fernandez C, Bradman A, Eskenazi B, Needham LL, Barr DB. A mass spectrometry-based method to measure dialkylphosphate degradation products of organophosphorous insecticides in dust and orange juice. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 2009;11(7):1345-1351. |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (Final) R831710 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Weldon RH, Webster M, Harley KG, Bradman A, Fenster L, Davis MD, Hubbard A, Barr DB, Holland N, Eskenazi B. Serum persistent organic pollutants and duration of lactation among Mexican-American women. Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2010;2010:861757 (11 pp.). |
R834513 (2010) R834513 (2011) R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (2015) R834513 (2016) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2010) R834513C001 (2011) R834513C002 (2010) R834513C002 (2011) R834513C003 (2010) R834513C003 (2011) R831710 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Weldon RH, Barr DB, Trujillo C, Bradman A, Holland N, Eskenazi B. A pilot study of pesticides and PCBs in the breast milk of women residing in urban and agricultural communities of California. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 2011;13(11):3136-3144. |
R834513 (2011) R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (Final) R834513C001 (2012) R834513C002 (2012) |
Exit Exit |
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Wesselink A, Warner M, Samuels S, Parigi A, Brambilla P, Mocarelli P, Eskenazi B. Maternal dioxin exposure and pregnancy outcomes over 30 years of follow-up in Seveso. Environment International 2014;63:143-148. |
R834513 (2014) R834513C001 (2014) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Yousefi P, Huen K, Schall RA, Decker A, Elboudwarej E, Quach H, Barcellos L, Holland N. Considerations for normalization of DNA methylation data by Illumina 450K BeadChip assay in population studies. Epigenetics 2013;8(11):1141-1152. |
R834513 (2012) R834513 (2013) R834513 (2014) R834513 (2015) R834513 (Final) R834513C003 (2012) R834513C003 (2013) R834513C003 (2014) R834513C003 (2015) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Yousefi P, Huen K, Quach H, Motwani G, Hubbard A, Eskenazi B, Holland N. Estimation of blood cellular heterogeneity in newborns and children for epigenome-wide association studies. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2015;56(9):751-758. |
R834513 (2015) R834513C003 (2015) |
Exit Exit |
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Yousefi P, Huen K, Dave V, Barcellos L, Eskenazi B, Holland N. Sex differences in DNA methylation assessed by 450 K BeadChip in newborns. BMC Genomics 2015;16:911. |
R834513C003 (2015) R834513C003 (2016) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Yousefi, P., Huen, K., Dave, V., Barcellos, L., Eskenazi, B., Holland, N., 2015. Sex differences in DNA methylation assessed by 450 K BeadChip in newborns. BMC Genomics 16, 911. |
R834513 (2016) |
not available |
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Huen, K., Harley, K., Kogut, K., Rauch, S., Eskenazi, B., Holland, N., 2016. DNA methylation of LINE-1 and Alu repetitive elements in relation to sex hormones and pubertal timing in Mexican-American children. Pediatr Res 79(6), 855-862. |
R834513 (2016) |
not available |
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Zhang, B., R. C. Owen, J. A. Perlinger, A. Kumar, S. Wu, M. Val Martin, L. Kramer, D. Helmig, and R. E. Honrath, A Lagrangian view of ozone production tendency in North American outflow in summers 2009 and 2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 2267-2287, doi:10.5194/acp-14-2267-2014, 2014. |
R834513C003 (2016) |
not available |
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Furlong CE, Marsillach J, Jarvik GP, Costa LG. 2016. Paraoxonases-1,-2 and-3:What are their functions? Chem Biol Interact. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2016.05.036. PMID:27238723. |
R834513C003 (2016) R834514C004 (Final) |
not available |
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Salvatore AL, Castorina R, Camacho J, Morga N, López J, Niskioka M, Boyd-Barr D, Eskenazi B, Bradman A. Home-based intervention to reduce pesticide exposures to farmworkers’ children:a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. 2015 June 3. [Epub]. |
R834513 (2016) |
not available |
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Gaspar F, Harley KG, Kogut K, Chevrier J*, Bradman A, Eskenazi B. Prenatal DDT/E exposure and child IQ in the CHAMACOS cohort. Environ Int, 85:206-12, 2015. |
R834513 (2016) R834513C001 (2016) |
not available |
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Joubert, B.R., Felix, J.F., Yousefi, P., et al., 2016. DNA Methylation in Newborns and Maternal Smoking in Pregnancy:Genome-wide Consortium Meta-analysis. American Journal of Human Genetics 98(4), 680-696. |
R834513 (2016) |
not available |
Supplemental Keywords:
DDT, DDE, PBDEs, flame retardants, manganese, maneb, PCBs, HCB, OP, DAPs, puberty, neurodevelopment, behavior, children’s health, respiratory symptoms, lung function, obesity, BMI, CHAMACOS, mancozeb, pesticides, exposure assessment, biomonitoring, house dust, dust loading, teeth, blood, urine measurements, epigenetics, methylation, DDT, DDE, PBDEs, flame retardants, puberty,
Relevant Websites:
Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH) Exit
Progress and Final Reports:
Original Abstract Subprojects under this Center: (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
R834513C001 CHAMACOS Cohort Project: Pesticides and PBDE on Neurobehavior and Puberty
R834513C002 Project B: Exposure Project: Mn, DDT/E and PBDE Exposure to Farmworker Children
R834513C003 Epigenetics Project
R834513C004 Community Outreach and Translation Core
The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA. Conclusions drawn by the principal investigators have not been reviewed by the Agency.
Project Research Results
- Final Report
- 2015 Progress Report
- 2014 Progress Report
- 2013 Progress Report
- 2012 Progress Report
- 2011 Progress Report
- 2010 Progress Report
- Original Abstract
166 journal articles for this center