Grantee Research Project Results
Final Report: Children’s Environmental Health Center
EPA Grant Number: R831861Center: Southern California Children's Environmental Health Center
Center Director: McConnell, Rob Scot
Title: Children’s Environmental Health Center
Investigators: Gilliland, Frank D. , Gong, Henry , McConnell, Rob Scot , Diaz-Sanchez, David , Froines, John R. , Avol, Edward L. , Gauderman, William , Peters, John M. , Linn, William S. , Lurmann, Fred , Kuenzli, Nino , Berhane, Kiros , Dubeau, Louis , Hricko, Andrea M. , Riedl, Marc A
Institution: University of Southern California , University of California - Los Angeles
EPA Project Officer: Callan, Richard
Project Period: November 1, 2003 through October 31, 2008 (Extended to October 31, 2010)
Project Amount: $3,802,622
RFA: Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research (2003) RFA Text | Recipients Lists
Research Category: Children's Health , Human Health
Objective:
The Children’s Environmental Health Center (CEHC) was established in 1998 to investigate effects of the environment on children’s respiratory health, with a focus on asthma and airway disease. The theme of the Center and its research focus were chosen based on the clinical and public health importance of childhood respiratory diseases and the potential importance of common environmental exposures on the etiology of these conditions, especially among susceptible subgroups of children. The Center also established a community outreach and translation program to translate research findings to communities and inform policymakers about the effects of the environment on children’s health.
- To investigate the role of regional ambient air pollutants such as O3 and locally emitted fresh vehicle exhaust in airway inflammation and in asthma occurrence during childhood;
- To investigate the mechanism for the modulating effects of ambient air pollutants on allergic inflammation in children;
- To assess genetic variation as a determinant of childhood respiratory susceptibility to regional ambient air pollutants such as O3 or locally emitted fresh vehicle exhaust;
- To understand the local and regional variation in ambient air pollution and how it impacts the burden of airway disease in children;
- To implement a community-based participatory research program to respond to community concerns about the effects of ambient air pollutants such as O3 and locally emitted fresh vehicle exhaust on early life asthma; and
- To translate the Center’s research findings into public health action and policy through a burden of disease assessment and provide a scientific resource for the broader community involved in protecting children’s environmental health through community translation and outreach and a CBPR project.
Summary/Accomplishments (Outputs/Outcomes):
Hypotheses
- Prevalent asthma with early onset (in the first 5 years of life) is strongly associated with early life traffic within 100 meters of the child’s home.
- Early onset asthma is independently associated with variation of NO, NO2 and ozone within communities, which represent regional products of atmospheric photochemical oxidation of traffic-related pollutants, but which also vary locally with traffic.
- The effects of air pollutants on asthma risk in children are modified by polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTP1, NQO1, HO-1, and TNFα, genes involved in response to oxidant air pollutants.
- Identify the population for the proposed case-control study:
- Within the 13 study communities, use existing survey information to identify all kindergarten and first grade children, who have lived in the same residence since before age 2;
- Promote participation through the presentation of the Center video, “A Breath of Air,” by Community Study Liaisons to school nurses, and to parent organizations and interested teachers; and
- Identify all children with asthma that have been active during the previous 12 months (N approximately 160) and a sample of children without asthma, matched on age, sex, race/ethnicity and community.
- Collect information from parents of participants to assess asthma, activity patterns, and risk factors for asthma, using a structured telephone interview, also to be administered by Community Study Liaisons;
- Assess the relationship between traffic within 100 meters of each child’s home and asthma among cases and controls, using information from the Exposure Assessment and Modeling Core;
- Assess the relationship between residential exposure to ambient traffic-related air pollutants and asthma among cases and controls, using information from the Exposure Assessment and Modeling Core;
- Develop tools for assessment of traffic within 100 meters of homes with COTC Neighborhood Assessment Teams composed of community volunteers selected by community research partners.
- Genotype cases and controls for polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTP1, HO-1, NQO1 and TNFα, and assess how these polymorphisms modify the relationship between air pollutants and asthma;
- Assess the burden of asthma-related disease attributable to air pollution in all children living in two communities represented by the community partners, using results from this study and from existing literature;
- Develop a series of community forums with the COTC to discuss the public health burden of air pollution for asthma;
- Integrate new information on air pollution into the environmental action plans developed with families of children with asthma by all community health workers working in service programs of community partners;
- Foster discussion among partners through an active steering committee and through presentation of results at meetings of partner organizations; and
- Participate with the COTC in seminars, community forums and in the critique of policy initiatives by providing the best scientific evidence available on air pollution and childhood asthma.
- We will test the hypothesis that Phase II enzyme expression in the upper airways are induced by oxidant pollutants and differ between children and adults.
- We will test the hypothesis that Phase II enzyme expression in the lower airways are induced by oxidant pollutants and differ between asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects.
- We will determine the role of Phase II enzymes in regulating the adjuvant effects of PM.
Figure 1. Relative levels of GSTP1 gene expression after normalization to an
internal control from 20 subject.
Figure 2. GSTP1 response to DEP in adults vs. children
Figure 3. Cellular response to DEP in adults vs. children.
Figure 4. In vitro GST activity predicts in vivo inflammatory responses.
- High ambient air pollution exposure is associated with chronic airway inflammation in children as indicated by elevated eNO, a marker of airway inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress.
- Children’s susceptibility to airway inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress from ambient air pollution varies by NOS1, NOS2 and NOS3, GSTM1, GSTP1, NQO1, and HO-1 genotypes.
- Children with chronic airway inflammation as indicated by elevated eNO are at increased risk for new onset asthma.
- Collect eNO from 3,000 children in the ongoing AIR study cohort.
- Genotype the cohort of 3,000 children for functional polymorphism/haplotypes in the NOS1, NOS2 and NOS3, GSTM1, GSTP1, NQO1, and HO-1.
- To use a multilevel design to determine the relationship between levels of eNO with short- and long-term air pollution exposures and to assess the effects of genetic variation in NOS1, 2, and 3 on these relationships using data collected in SA1, SA2 and air pollution exposure estimates from the ongoing cohort study.
- To determine the risk for new onset asthma in children with high levels of eNO using data collected in SA1 and in the ongoing prospective cohort study of incident asthma.
Conclusions:
The CEHC has yielded a wealth of data on the acute and chronic respiratory effects of air pollutants; gene-environment interactions; host susceptibility to air pollutants; novel spatial modeling approaches and methods; and exposure assessment methodology. The interdisciplinary nature of this Center has made it possible to develop an integrated program that is synergistic and provides a larger return on investment than would a single investigator model. In this section, we briefly summarize some of the key research findings.
Health Effects of Air Pollution and Tobacco Smoke Exposures
- Current levels of air pollution have chronic, adverse effects on lung development in children from the age of 10 to 18 years, leading to clinically significant deficits in attained FEV1 as children reach adulthood.8
- Respiratory health in children is adversely affected by local exposures to outdoor NO2 or other freeway-related pollutants.26
- Residential traffic exposure is associated with deficits in lung function growth.27
- Residential traffic exposure is associated with prevalent asthma, lifetime asthma and wheezy phenotype.3, 28
- New onset asthma in primary school children is independently associated with local traffic-related pollution near homes and near schools.29-30
- Markers of traffic-related air pollution are associated with the onset of asthma, providing further evidence that air pollution exposure contributes to new cases of asthma.31-32
- On-road commuting exposure to air pollution increases the risk of asthma.33
- Maternal and grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy may increase the risk of childhood asthma.34
- Regular cigarette smoking increases the risk for new onset asthma among adolescents, especially among those exposed to maternal smoking during the in utero period.35
Susceptibility
- Variation in several genes in the nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and inflammatory pathways, including NOS2A, ARG2, and 5-LO, are associated with eNO, susceptibility to air pollution, and asthma pathogenesis.36-39
- Variants in cytokine genes are associated with exhaled NO and incident asthma. 40-41
- The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-308 GG genotype may have a protective role in asthma pathogenesis depending on airway oxidative stress levels.42
- In children with at least one copy of the TNF-308 A variant, exposure to two or more household smokers is associated with a two-fold risk of a school absence due to respiratory illness (RI) and a four-fold risk of lower RI-related school absence compared with unexposed children with the TNF-308 GG genotype.43
- Gluthathione-s-transferase M1 and PI (GSTM1 and GSTP1) modify the adjuvant effect of diesel exhaust particles on allergic inflammation.17
- Certain variants in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) are associated with reduced risk for asthma. Differences in associations of asthma risk with ICAM-1 were found between African-Americans and non-Hispanic and Hispanic whites.44-45
- High microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) activity is associated with increased asthma risk and children with both high mEH activity and GSTP1 105Val are at the greatest risk.46-47
- The clara cell secretory protein gene (CC16) variant allele at position 38 is associated with susceptibility to asthma and wheezing in African-Americans and the risk of early onset asthma among non-Hispanic Whites with a family history of asthma.48
- Genes in glutathione regulation alter the effect of air pollution on lung function growth49 and asthma.50
- Dog ownership enhances symptomatic responses to air pollution in children with asthma.51
- Decreased airway flows predict new onset asthma in preadolescent and adolescent children.51-52
- Children with the val105 variant of GSTP1 may be protected from the increased risk of asthma associated with exercise, especially in high ozone communities.53
- Functional promoter variants in HMOX-1 are associated with a reduced risk for new-onset asthma among non-Hispanic whites; this protective effect is largest in children residing in low-ozone communities.54-55
- Genetic variation across the GST mu locus is associated with 8-year lung function growth.56
- Children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy with variation in GSTM2 have lower lung function.56
- Genetic variants in both the promoter and coding regions of the GSTP1 locus may contribute to the occurrence of childhood asthma and wheezing, and may increase susceptibility to adverse effects of tobacco-smoke exposure.57
- A positive association is seen between community-level socioeconomic position and prevalent and incident childhood asthma, suggesting a significant role for environmental factors in the etiology of this disease.58-59
- Parental stress increases the risk of childhood wheeze among children with no parental history of asthma, especially among boys.60
- Parental stress and low socioeconomic status increase the risk of childhood wheeze and asthma associated with traffic-related air pollution.61
Mechanism
- Exhaled NO is a useful biomarker for airway inflammation in large population-based studies. 62-64
- Exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) mass concentration (2 to 7-day average prior to the test) is associated with increased exhaled NO.65
- Children with chronic airway inflammation, as indicated by elevated eNO, are at increased risk for new-onset asthma.66
- Primary allergic sensitization may be prevented by initial high levels of respiratory allergen exposure through induction of a modified, nonallergic immune response.67
- Evidence from controlled chamber experiments shows that secondhand smoke can exacerbate allergic responses in humans.68
- A natural protective mechanism in B cells from oxidant pollutants, such as diesel particles, is the expression of phase II enzymes through induction of antioxidant response elements.23
- Induction of phase II enzymes by the chemical sulforaphane can block DEP-induced enhanced IgE production in B cells and DEP-induced proinflammatory cytokine production in epithelial cells.69
- Pretreatment with sulforaphane inhibits diesel-induced production of IL-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IL-1beta from primary human bronchial epithelial cells, demonstrating that sulforaphane can mitigate the effect of diesel in respiratory epithelial cells.24
- A placebo-controlled dose escalation trial demonstrates that sulforaphane from broccoli sprouts induces a potent increase in antioxidant Phase II enzymes in airway cells and suggests enhancement of Phase II enzyme expression as a novel therapeutic strategy for oxidant induced airway disease.25
New Methodology
- Offline eNO field measurements can predict online eNO with concurrent ambient NO measurements.70-72
- Field-based extended NO testing of children yields useful information about NO at different levels of the respiratory tract, not obtainable from conventional eNO measurement. 73
- The development of models to assess air pollution exposures within cities for assignment to subjects in health studies augments the field of exposure assessment and may help to reduce scientific uncertainties that now impede policy intervention aimed at protecting public health.74
- Methods were developed to optimally locate a dense network of monitoring stations representing land use, transportation infrastructure, and the distribution of at-risk populations; this has widespread applicability for the design of pollution monitoring networks, particularly for measuring traffic pollutants with fine-scale spatial variability.75
- Residential ozone concentrations may be over- or underestimated by measurements at a community monitor, depending on the variation in local traffic in the community.76
- Statistical methods have been developed related to the general multilevel modeling paradigm, with a focus on flexible modeling techniques for nonlinear lung function trajectories in children and their relationship to air pollution. The models address many issues, including ecologic inference, multi-pollutant and subgroup analysis, simultaneous modeling of several outcomes, and exposure measurement error.77
- A testing strategy called the "focused interaction testing framework" (FITF) was developed to identify susceptibility genes involved in epistatic interactions for case-control studies of candidate genes. In CHS data, FITF identified a significant multilocus effect between NQO1, MPO, and CAT, three genes involved in the oxidative stress pathway. In an independent data set, these three genes also show a significant association with asthma status.78
- For analysis of a single candidate gene, the SNP interaction model with phase information (SIMPle) model can be used to identify important SNPs and underlying haplotype structures across a variety of causal models and genetic architectures.79
- A two-step approach was developed to test association of disease with multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within a candidate locus. The first step uses principal components (PCs) analysis to compute combinations of SNPs that capture the underlying correlation structure within the locus. The second step uses the PCs directly in a test of disease association.80
- A two-step analysis of genome-wide association study data aimed at identifying genes involved in a gene-environment interaction was developed. The procedure complements standard screening for marginal genetic effects and has the potential to uncover novel genetic signals.81
Community Outreach and Translation
- Traditional approaches to the calculation of attributable risk may underestimate the health impact of long-term environmental or other exposures that produce both chronic and acute disease.82
- Community-based quantitative risk analyses can improve our understanding of health problems and help promote public health in transportation planning.83-84
- As ports and goods movement activity expands throughout the United States, outreach efforts in the Center have made health and community impacts a more central part of policy discussions.85-88
- The large population of children exposed to high levels of outdoor air pollutants and the substantial risks for adverse health effects presents unexploited opportunities to reduce the burden of asthma.89
References:
Journal Articles: 131 Displayed | Download in RIS Format
Other center views: | All 202 publications | 132 publications in selected types | All 131 journal articles |
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Bastain TM, Gilliland FD, Li Y-F, Saxon A, Diaz-Sanchez D. Intraindividual reproducibility of nasal allergic responses to diesel exhaust particles indicates a susceptible phenotype. Clinical Immunology 2003;109(2):130-136. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) |
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Bastain TM, Islam T, Berhane KT, McConnell RS, Rappaport EB, Salam MT, Linn WS, Avol EL, Zhang Y, Gilliland FD. Exhaled nitric oxide, susceptibility and new-onset asthma in the Children’s Health Study. European Respiratory Journal 2011;37(3):523-531. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
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Berg J, McConnell R, Milam J, Galvan J, Kotlerman J, Thorne P, Jones C, Ferdman R, Eggleston P, Rand C, Lewis MA, Peters J, Richardson J. Rodent allergen in Los Angeles inner city homes of children with asthma. Journal of Urban Health 2008;85(1):52-61. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
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Berhane K, Gauderman WJ, Stram DO, Thomas DC. Statistical issues in studies of the long-term effects of air pollution: The Southern California Children's Health Study. Statistical Science 2004;19(3):414-449. |
R831861 (2005) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
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Berhane K, Zhang Y, Linn WS, Rappaport EB, Bastain TM, Salam MT, Islam T, Lurmann F, Gilliland FD. The effect of ambient air pollution on exhaled nitric oxide in the Children’s Health Study. European Respiratory Journal 2011;37(5):1029-1036. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
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Bernstein JA, Alexis N, Barnes C, Bernstein IL, Bernstein JA, Nel A, Peden D, Diaz-Sanchez D, Tarlo SM, Williams PB. Health effects of air pollution. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2004;114(5):1116-1123. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) |
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Blanc N, Liao W, Gilliland F, Zhang J, Berhane K, Huang G, Yan W, Chen Z. A systematic review of evidence for maternal preconception exposure to outdoor air pollution on Children's health. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 2023;318(120850) |
R831861 (Final) R826708 (Final) |
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Breton CV, Vora H, Salam MT, Islam T, Wenten M, Gauderman WJ, Van den Berg D, Berhane K, Peters JM, Gilliland FD. Variation in the GST mu locus and tobacco smoke exposure as determinants of childhood lung function. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2009;179(7):601-607. |
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Breton CV, Byun HM, Wenten M, Pan F, Yang A, Gilliland FD. Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure affects global and gene-specific DNA methylation. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2009;180(5):462-467. |
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Breton CV, Salam MT, Vora H, Gauderman WJ, Gilliland FD. Genetic variation in the glutathione synthesis pathway, air pollution, and children’s lung function growth. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2011;183(2):243-248. |
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Cho AK, Di Stefano E, You Y, Rodriquez CE, Schmitz DA, Kumagai Y, Miguel AH, Eiguren-Fernandez A, Kobayashi T, Avol E, Froines JR. Determination of four quinones in diesel exhaust particles, SRM 1649a and atmospheric PM2.5. Aerosol Science and Technology 2004;38(Suppl 1):68-81. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R827352 (Final) R827352C001 (Final) R827352C009 (Final) R827352C013 (Final) |
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Conti DV, Gauderman WJ. SNPs, haplotypes, and model selection in a candidate gene region: the SIMPle analysis for multilocus data. Genetic Epidemiology 2004;27(4):429-441. |
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Corren J, Diaz-Sanchez D, Saxon A, Deniz Y, Reimann J, Sinclair D, Davancaze T, Adelman D. Effects of omalizumab, a humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, on nasal reactivity to allergen and local IgE synthesis. Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 2004;93(3):243-248. |
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Cozen W, Avol E, Diaz-Sanchez D, McConnell R, Gauderman WJ, Cockburn MG, Zadnick J, Jyrala M, Mack TM. Use of an electrostatic dust cloth for self-administered home allergen collection. Twin Research and Human Genetics 2008;11(2):150-155. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (2007) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
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Delfino RJ, Gong Jr. H, Linn WS, Pellizzari ED, Hu Y. Asthma symptoms in Hispanic children and daily ambient exposures to toxic and criteria air pollutants. Environmental Health Perspectives 2003;111(4):647-656. |
R831861 (2005) |
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Delfino RJ, Gong H, Linn WS, Hu Y, Pellizzari ED. Respiratory symptoms and peak expiratory flow in children with asthma in relation to volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath and ambient air. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 2003;13(5):348-363. |
R831861 (2005) |
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Diaz-Sanchez D, Proietti L, Polosa R. Diesel fumes and the rising prevalence of atopy: an urban legend? Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 2003;3(2):146-152. |
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Diaz-Sanchez D, Riedl M. Diesel effects on human health: a question of stress? American Journal of Physiology—Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 2005;289(5):L722-L723. |
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Diaz-Sanchez D, Rumold R, Gong Jr. H. Challenge with environmental tobacco smoke exacerbates allergic airway disease in human beings. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2006;118(2):441-446. |
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Eggleston PA, Diette G, Lipsett M, Lewis T, Tager I, McConnell R, Chrischilles E, Lanphear B, Miller R, Krishnan J. Lessons learned for the study of childhood asthma from the Centers for Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research. Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;113(10):1430-1436. |
R831861 (2005) R831861 (2006) R831861C001 (2006) R826710 (Final) R827027 (2002) R829389 (2003) R829389 (2004) R829389 (2005) R829389 (Final) R831710 (2004) R831710 (2005) R831710 (Final) R832139 (2004) R832139 (2005) R832139 (2006) R832139C002 (2005) R832139C003 (2005) R832141 (2006) R832141 (2007) R832141 (Final) |
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Eiguren-Fernandez A, Miguel AH, Froines JR, Thurairatnam S, Avol EL. Seasonal and spatial variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vapor-phase and PM2.5 in Southern California urban and rural communities. Aerosol Science and Technology 2004;38(5):447-455. |
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Finkelman FD, Yang M, Orekhova T, Clyne E, Bernstein J, Whitekus M, Diaz-Sanchez D, Morris SC. Diesel exhaust particles suppress in vivo IFN-γ production by inhibiting cytokine effects on NK and NKT cells. Journal of Immunology 2004;172(6):3808-3813. |
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Garcia E, Urman R, Berhane K, McConnell R, Gilland F. Effects of policy-driven hypothetical air pollutant interventions on childhood asthma incidence in southern California. PNAS 2019;116(32):15883-15888. |
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Garcia E, Berhane KT, Islam T, McConnell R, Urman R, Chen ZH, Gilliand FD. association of changes in air quality with incident asthma in children in California, 1993-2014. JAMA-Journal of the American Medical Association 2019;321(19):1906-1915. |
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Gauderman WJ, Avol E, Gilliland F, Vora H, Thomas D, Berhane K, McConnell R, Kuenzli N, Lurmann F, Rappaport E, Margolis H, Bates D, Peters J. The effect of air pollution on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age. New England Journal of Medicine 2004;351(11):1057-1067. |
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Gauderman WJ, Avol E, Lurmann F, Kuenzli N, Gilliland F, Peters J, McConnell R. Childhood asthma and exposure to traffic and nitrogen dioxide. Epidemiology 2005;16(6):737-743. |
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Gauderman WJ, Conti DV. Commentary: Models for longitudinal family data. International Journal of Epidemiology 2005;34(5):1077-1079. |
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Gauderman WJ. Air pollution and children — an unhealthy mix. New England Journal of Medicine 2006;355(1):78-79. |
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Gauderman WJ, Vora H, McConnell R, Berhane K, Gilliland F, Thomas D, Lurmann F, Avol E, Kunzli N, Jerrett M, Peters J. Effect of exposure to traffic on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age: a cohort study. Lancet 2007;369(9561):571-577. |
R831861 (2005) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (2007) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (2007) R831861C003 (Final) R827352 (Final) R827352C007 (Final) |
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Gauderman WJ, Murcray C, Gilliland F, Conti DV. Testing association between disease and multiple SNPs in a candidate gene. Genetic Epidemiology 2007;31(5):383-395. |
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Gilliland FD, Berhane K, Li YF, Rappaport EB, Peters JM. Effects of early onset asthma and in utero exposure to maternal smoking on childhood lung function. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2003;167(6):917-924. |
R831861 (2005) |
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Gilliland FD, Berhane K, Islam T, Wenten M, Rappaport E, Avol E, Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Peters JM. Environmental tobacco smoke and absenteeism related to respiratory illness in schoolchildren. American Journal of Epidemiology 2003;157(10):861-869. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) |
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Gilliland FD, Berhane K, Islam T, McConnell R, Gauderman WJ, Gilliland SS, Avol E, Peters JM. Obesity and the risk of newly diagnosed asthma in school-age children. American Journal of Epidemiology 2003;158(5):406-415. |
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Gilliland FD, Berhane KT, Li Y-F, Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Peters J. Children's lung function and antioxidant vitamin, fruit, juice, and vegetable intake. American Journal of Epidemiology 2003;158(6):576-584. |
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Gilliland FD, Li Y-F, Saxon A, Diaz-Sanchez D. Effect of glutathione-S-transferase M1 and P1 genotypes on xenobiotic enhancement of allergic responses: randomised, placebo-controlled crossover study. Lancet 2004;363(9403):119-125. |
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Gilliland FD, Li YF, Gong Jr. H, Diaz-Sanchez D. Glutathione s-transferases M1 and P1 prevent aggravation of allergic responses by secondhand smoke. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2006;174(12):1335-1341. |
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Gilliland FD, Islam T, Berhane K, Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Avol E, Peters JM. Regular smoking and asthma incidence in adolescents. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2006;174(10):1094-1100. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (2007) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
|
Gilliland FD. Outdoor air pollution, genetic susceptibility, and asthma management: opportunities for intervention to reduce the burden of asthma. Pediatrics 2009;123(Suppl 3):S168-S173. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
|
Gilliland F, Avol E, Kinney P, Jerrett M, Dvonch T, Lurmann F, Buckley T, Breysse P, Keeler G, de Villiers T, McConnell R. Air pollution exposure assessment for epidemiologic studies of pregnant women and children: lessons learned from the Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research. Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;113(10):1447-1454. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R831861 (2006) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (2006) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (2006) R831861C003 (Final) R826708 (2000) R826708 (2001) R826708 (2002) R826708 (Final) R826710 (Final) R827027 (2002) R831845 (2005) R832139 (2006) R832141 (2006) R832141 (2007) R832141 (Final) |
|
|
Gong Jr. H, Linn WS, Sioutas C, Terrell SL, Clark KW, Anderson KR, Terrell LL. Controlled exposures of healthy and asthmatic volunteers to concentrated ambient fine particles in Los Angeles. Inhalation Toxicology 2003;15(4):305-325. |
R831861 (2005) R827352 (2004) R827352 (Final) R827352C012 (Final) R827352C014 (Final) |
Exit |
|
Gong Jr. H, Linn WS, Terrell SL, Anderson KR, Clark KW, Sioutas C, Cascio WE, Alexis N, Devlin RB. Exposures of elderly volunteers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to concentrated ambient fine particulate pollution. Inhalation Toxicology 2004;16(11-12):731-744. |
R831861 (2005) R827352 (2004) R827352 (Final) R827352C012 (Final) R827352C014 (Final) R827999 (Final) |
Exit |
|
Gong Jr. H, Linn WS, Clark KW, Anderson KR, Geller MD, Sioutas C. Respiratory responses to exposures with fine particulates and nitrogen dioxide in the elderly with and without COPD. Inhalation Toxicology 2005;17(3):123-132. |
R831861 (2005) R826708 (Final) R827352 (Final) R827352C012 (Final) R827352C014 (Final) R827999 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Hall JV, Brajer V, Lurmann F. Economic valuation of ozone-related school absences in the South Coast Air Basin of California. Contemporary Economic Policy 2003;21(4):407-417. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) |
Exit |
|
Hricko A. Ships, trucks, and trains: effects of goods movement on environmental health. Environmental Health Perspectives 2006;114(4):A204-A205 (guest editorial). |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
|
|
Hricko A. Global trade comes home: community impacts of goods movement. Environmental Health Perspectives 2008;116(2):A78-A81. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
|
|
Islam T, Gauderman WJ, Berhane K, McConnell R, Avol E, Peters JM, Gilliland FD. Relationship between air pollution, lung function and asthma in adolescents. Thorax 2007;62(11):957-963. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (2007) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (2007) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
|
Islam T, McConnell R, Gauderman WJ, Avol E, Peters JM, Gilliland FD. Ozone, oxidant defense genes, and risk of asthma during adolescence. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2008;177(4):388-395. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (2007) |
Exit Exit Exit |
|
Islam T, Berhane K, McConnell R, Gauderman WJ, Avol E, Peters JM, Gilliland FD. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) P1, GSTM1, exercise, ozone and asthma incidence in school children. Thorax 2009;64(3):197-202. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
|
Islam T, Breton C, Salam MT, McConnell R, Wenten M, Gauderman WJ, Conti D, Van Den Berg D, Peters JM, Gilliland FD. Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in asthma risk and lung function growth during adolescence. Thorax 2010; 65(2):139-145. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
|
Jerrett M, Buzzelli M, Burnett RT, DeLuca PF. Particulate air pollution, social confounders, and mortality in small areas of an industrial city. Social Science & Medicine 2005;60(12):2845-2863. |
R831861 (2005) |
Exit |
|
Jerrett M, Arain A, Kanaroglou P, Beckerman B, Potoglou D, Sahsuvaroglu T, Morrison J, Giovis C. A review and evaluation of intraurban air pollution exposure models. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 2005;15(2):185-204. |
R831861 (2005) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) R831845 (2005) |
Exit Exit |
|
Jerrett M, Shankardass K, Berhane K, Gauderman WJ, Künzli N, Avol E, Gilliland F, Lurmann F, Molitor JN, Molitor JT, Thomas DC, Peters J, McConnell R. Traffic-related air pollution and asthma onset in children: a prospective cohort study with individual exposure measurement. Environmental Health Perspectives 2008;116(10):1433-1438. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) R835441 (2017) |
|
|
Kunzli N, Avol E, Wu J, Gauderman WJ, Rappaport E, Millstein J, Bennion J, McConnell R, Gilliland FD, Berhane K, Lurmann F, Winer A, Peters JM. Health effects of the 2003 Southern California wildfires on children. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2006;174(11):1221-1228. |
R831861C003 (2007) |
Exit Exit Exit |
|
Kanaroglou P, Jerrett M, Morrison J, Beckerman B, Arain A, Gilbert N, Brook J. Establishing an air pollution monitoring network for intra-urban population exposure assessment: a location-allocation approach. Atmospheric Environment 2005;39(13):2399-2409. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
|
Kraft P, Yen YC, Stram DO, Morrison J, Gauderman WJ. Exploiting gene-environment interaction to detect genetic associations. Human Heredity 2007;63(2):111-119. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
|
Kuenzli N, McConnell R, Bates D, Bastain TM, Hricko A, Lurmann F, Avol E, Gilliland FD, Peters JM. Breathless in Los Angeles: the exhausting search for clean air. American Journal of Public Health 2003;93(9):1494-1499. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R826708 (2000) R826708 (2001) R826708 (2002) R826708 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
|
Kuenzli N, Jerrett M, Mack WJ, Beckerman B, LaBree L, Gilliland F, Thomas D, Peters J, Hodis HN. Ambient air pollution and atherosclerosis in Los Angeles. Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;113(2):201-206. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) |
|
|
Kuenzli N, Schindler C. A call for reporting the relevant exposure term in air pollution case-crossover studies. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2005;59(6):527-530. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) |
Exit Exit Exit |
|
Kunzli N, Perez L, Lurmann F, Hricko A, Penfold B, McConnell R. An attributable risk model for exposures assumed to cause both chronic disease and its exacerbations. Epidemiology 2008;19(2):179-185. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (2007) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) R827352 (Final) R831845 (2005) |
Exit Exit |
|
Lee YL, Gilliland FD, Wang JY, Lee YC, Guo YL. Associations of FcɛRIβ E237G polymorphism with wheezing in Taiwanese schoolchildren. Clinical & Experimental Allergy 2008;38(3):413-420. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit |
|
Lee YL, McConnell R, Berhane K, Gilliland FD. Ambient ozone modifies the effect of tumor necrosis factor G-308A on bronchitic symptoms among children with asthma. Allergy 2009;64(9):1342-1348. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit |
|
Levin A, Mathias R, Huang L, Roth L, Daley D, Myers R, Himes B, Romieu I, Yang M, Eng C, Park J, Zoratti K, Gignoux C, Torgerson D, Galanter J, Huntsman S, Nguyen E, Becker A, Chan-Yeung M, Kozyrskyj A, Dwok P, Gilliland F, Gauderman W, Bleecker E, Raby B, Meyers D, London S, Martinez F, Weiss S, Burchard E, Nicolae D, Ober C, Barnes K, WIlliams L. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for serum total IgE in diverse study populations. JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2013;131(4):1176-1184. |
R831861 (Final) R826708 (Final) R832139 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
|
Li Y-F, Langholz B, Salam MT, Gilliland FD. Maternal and grandmaternal smoking patterns are associated with early childhood asthma. Chest 2005;127(4):1232-1241. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R831861 (2006) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (2006) R831861C003 (Final) R826708 (2000) R826708 (2001) R826708 (2002) R826708 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
|
Li Y-F, Tsao YH, Gauderman WJ, Conti DV, Avol E, Dubeau L, Gilliland FD. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and childhood asthma. Human Genetics 2005;117(5):476-484. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R831861 (2006) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (2006) R831861C003 (Final) R826708 (2000) R826708 (2001) R826708 (2002) R826708 (Final) |
Exit |
|
Li Y-F, Gauderman WJ, Avol E, Dubeau L, Gilliland FD. Associations of tumor necrosis factor G-308A with childhood asthma and wheezing. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2006;173(9):970-976. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R831861 (2006) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (2006) R831861C003 (Final) R826708 (2000) R826708 (2001) R826708 (2002) R826708 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
|
Linn WS, Avila M, Gong H Jr. Exhaled nitric oxide: sources of error in offline measurement. Archives of Environmental Health 2004;59(8):385-391. |
R831861 (2005) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) R827352 (Final) R827352C011 (Final) R827352C012 (Final) |
Exit |
|
Linn WS, Rappaport EB, Berhane KT, Bastain TM, Avol EL, Gilliland FD. Exhaled nitric oxide in a population-based study of southern California schoolchildren. Respiratory Research 2009;10(1):28. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
|
Linn WS, Berhane KT, Rappaport EB, Bastain TM, Avol EL, Gilliland FD. Relationships of online exhaled, offline exhaled, and ambient nitric oxide in an epidemiologic survey of schoolchildren. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 2009;19(7):674-681. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
|
Linn WS, Rappaport EB, Berhane KT, Bastain TM, Salam MT, Gilliland FD. Extended exhaled nitric oxide analysis in field surveys of schoolchildren: a pilot test. Pediatric Pulmonology 2009;44(10):1033-1042. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit |
|
Lu R, Wu J, Turco RP, Winer AM, Atkinson R, Arey J, Paulson SE, Lurmann FW, Miguel AH, Eiguren-Fernandez A. Naphthalene distributions and human exposure in Southern California. Atmospheric Environment 2005;39(3):489-507. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R827352 (2004) R827352 (Final) R827352C013 (Final) R827352C015 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
|
McConnell R, Jones C, Milam J, Gonzalez P, Berhane K, Clement L, Richardson J, Hanley-Lopez J, Kwong K, Maalouf N, Galvan J, Platts-Mills T. Cockroach counts and house dust allergen concentrations after professional cockroach control and cleaning. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 2003;91(6):546-552. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R827352 (2004) R827352 (Final) R827352C007 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
|
McConnell R, Berhane K, Gilliland F, Molitor J, Thomas D, Lurmann F, Avol E, Gauderman WJ, Peters JM. Prospective study of air pollution and bronchitic symptoms in children with asthma. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2003;168(7):790-797. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R826708 (2000) R826708 (2001) R826708 (2002) R826708 (Final) R826708C003 (Final) R827352 (2004) R827352 (Final) R827352C007 (Final) R827352C009 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
|
McConnell R, Milam J, Richardson J, Galvan J, Jones C, Thorne PS, Berhane K. Educational intervention to control cockroach allergen exposure in the homes of hispanic children in Los Angeles: results of the La Casa study. Clinical & Experimental Allergy 2005;35(4):426-433. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R831861 (2006) R831861C001 (2005) R831861C001 (2006) R826708 (2000) R826708 (2001) R826708 (2002) R826708 (Final) R826708C003 (Final) |
Exit |
|
McConnell R, Berhane K, Molitor J, Gilliland F, Kunzli N, Thorne PS, Thomas D, Gauderman WJ, Avol E, Lurmann F, Rappaport E, Jerrett M, Peters JM. Dog ownership enhances symptomatic responses to air pollution in children with asthma. Environmental Health Perspectives 2006;114(12):1910-1915. |
R831861 (2005) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (2007) R831861C003 (Final) R826708 (Final) R827352 (Final) R827352C007 (Final) |
|
|
McConnell R, Berhane K, Yao L, Lurmann FW, Avol E, Peters JM. Predicting residential ozone deficits from nearby traffic. Science of the Total Environment 2006;363(1-3):166-174. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R831861 (2006) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (2005) R831861C001 (2006) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) R827352 (Final) R827352C007 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
|
McConnell R, Berhane K, Yao L, Jerrett M, Lurmann F, Gilliland F, Kunzli N, Gauderman J, Avol E, Thomas D, Peters J. Traffic, susceptibility, and childhood asthma. Environmental Health Perspectives 2006;114(5):766-772. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R831861 (2006) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (2006) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (2006) R831861C003 (2007) R831861C003 (Final) R826708 (Final) R827352 (Final) R827352C007 (Final) |
|
|
McConnell R, Islam T, Shankardass K, Jerrett M, Lurmann F, Gilliland F, Gauderman J, Avol E, Kunzli N, Yao L, Peters J, Berhane K. Childhood incident asthma and traffic-related air pollution at home and school. Environmental Health Perspectives 2010;118(7):1021-1026. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) R827352 (Final) |
|
|
Sheppard L, Wakefield JC. Comment. In: Berhane K, Gauderman WJ, Stram DO, Thomas DC. Statistical issues in studies of the long-term effects of air pollution: the Southern California Children's Health Study. Statistical Science 2004;19(3):414-449. Statistical Science 2004;19(3):438-441. |
R831861 (2005) |
Exit Exit |
|
Milam J, McConnell R, Yao L, Berhane K, Jerrett M, Richardson J. Parental stress and childhood wheeze in a prospective cohort study. Journal of Asthma 2008;45(4):319-323. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit |
|
Millstein J, Gilliland F, Berhane K, Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Avol E, Rappaport EB, Peters JM. Effects of ambient air pollutants on asthma medication use and wheezing among fourth-grade school children from 12 Southern California communities enrolled in The Children's Health Study. Archives of Environmental Health 2004;59(10):505-514. |
R831861 (2006) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (2006) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit |
|
Millstein J, Siegmund KD, Conti DV, Gauderman WJ. Testing association and linkage using affected-sib-parent study designs. Genetic Epidemiology 2005;29(3):225-233. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit |
|
Millstein J, Conti DV, Gilliland FD, Gauderman WJ. A testing framework for identifying susceptibility genes in the presence of epistasis. American Journal of Human Genetics 2006;78(1):15-27. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R831861 (2006) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (2006) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
|
Mirabelli MC, Kunzli N, Avol E, Gilliland FD, Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Peters JM. Respiratory symptoms following wildfire smoke exposure: airway size as a susceptibility factor. Epidemiology 2009;20(3):451-459. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) R831845 (2005) |
Exit |
|
Molitor J, Molitor N-T, Jerrett M, McConnell R, Gauderman J, Berhane K, Thomas D. Bayesian modeling of air pollution health effects with missing exposure data. American Journal of Epidemiology 2006;164(1):69-76. |
R831861 (2005) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) R827352 (Final) R831845 (2005) |
Exit Exit |
|
Molitor J, Jerrett M, Chang CC, Molitor NT, Gauderman J, Berhane K, McConnell R, Lurmann F, Wu J, Winer A, Thomas D. Assessing uncertainty in spatial exposure models for air pollution health effects assessment. Environmental Health Perspectives 2007;115(8):1147-1153. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (2007) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
|
|
Mueller-Anneling L, Avol E, Peters JM, Thorne PS. Ambient endotoxin concentrations in PM10 from Southern California. Environmental Health Perspectives 2004;112(5):583-588. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
|
|
Murcray CE, Lewinger JP, Gauderman WJ. Gene-environment interaction in genome-wide association studies. American Journal of Epidemiology 2009;169(2):219-226. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
|
Myers R, Himes B, Gignoux C, Yang J, Gauderman W, REbordosa C, Xie J, Torgerson D, Levin A, Baurley J, Graves P, Mathias R, Romieu I, Roth L, Conti D, Avila L, Eng C, Bora H, LeNoir M, Soto-Quirs M, Liu J, Celedon J, Farber J, Kumar R, Avila P, Meade K, Srebrisky D, Thyne S, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Rodriguez-Santana J, Borrell L, Lemanske R, Bleeker E, meyers D, London S, Barnes K, Raby B, Martinez F, Gilliland F, Williams L, Burchard E, Weiss S, Nocolae D, Ober C. Further replication studies of the EVE Consortium meta-analysis identifies 2 asthma risk loci in European Americans. JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2012;130(6):1294-1301. |
R831861 (Final) R826708 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
|
Perez L, Kunzli N, Avol E, Hricko AM, Lurmann F, Nicholas E, Gilliland F, Peters J, McConnell R. Global goods movement and the local burden of childhood asthma in southern California. American Journal of Public Health 2009;99(Suppl 3):S622-S628. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) R831845 (2005) |
Exit |
|
Richardson JL, Milam JE, Galvan J, Jones C, McConnell R. Knowledge of skin test results among parents of asthmatic children. Journal of Asthma 2004;41(2):199-204. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R826708 (2000) R826708 (2001) R826708 (2002) R826708 (Final) |
Exit |
|
Riedl MA, Landaw EM, Saxon A, Diaz-Sanchez D. Initial high-dose nasal allergen exposure prevents allergic sensitization to a neoantigen. Journal of Immunology 2005;174(11):7440-7445. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) R826708 (2000) R826708 (2001) R826708 (2002) R826708 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
|
Riedl MA, Saxon A, Diaz-Sanchez D. Oral sulforaphane increases Phase II antioxidant enzymes in the human upper airway. Clinical Immunology 2009;130(3):244-251. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit |
|
Riedl M, Diaz-Sanchez D. Biology of diesel exhaust effects on respiratory function. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2005;115(2):221-228. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) R826708 (2000) R826708 (2001) R826708 (2002) R826708 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
|
Ritz SA, Wan J, Diaz-Sanchez D. Sulforaphane-stimulated phase II enzyme induction inhibits cytokine production by airway epithelial cells stimulated with diesel extract. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 2007;292(1):L33-L39. |
R831861 (2006) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (2006) R831861C002 (2007) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
|
Rondeau V, Berhane K, Thomas DC. A three-level model for binary time-series data: the effects of air pollution on school absences in the Southern California Children's Health Study. Statistics in Medicine 2005;24(7):1103-1115. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit |
|
Ross Z, English PB, Scalf R, Gunier R, Smorodinsky S, Wall S, Jerrett M. Nitrogen dioxide prediction in Southern California using land use regression modeling: potential for environmental health analyses. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 2006;16(2):106-114. |
R831861 (2005) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
|
Salam MT, Li Y-F, Langholz B, Gilliland FD. Early-life environmental risk factors for asthma:findings from the Children's Health Study. Environmental Health Perspectives 2004;112(6):760-765. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (2005) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) R826708 (2000) R826708 (2001) R826708 (2002) R826708 (Final) |
|
|
Salam MT, Li Y-F, Langholz B, Gilliland FD. Maternal fish consumption during pregnancy and risk of childhood asthma. Journal of Asthma 2005;42(6):513-518. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R831861 (2006) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (2006) R831861C003 (Final) R826708 (2000) R826708 (2001) R826708 (2002) R826708 (Final) |
Exit |
|
Salam MT, Millstein J, Li YF, Lurmann FW, Margolis HG, Gilliland FD. Birth outcomes and prenatal exposure to ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter: results from the Children's Health Study. Environment Health Perspectives 2005;113(11):1638-1644. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R831861 (2006) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (2006) R831861C003 (Final) |
|
|
Salam MT, Wenten M, Gilliland FD. Endogenous and exogenous sex steroid hormones and asthma and wheeze in young women. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2006;117(5):1001-1007. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) |
Exit Exit Exit |
|
Salam MT, Margolis HG, McConnell R, McGregor JA, Avol EL, Gilliland FD. Mode of delivery is associated with asthma and allergy occurrences in children. Annals of Epidemiology 2006;16(5):341-346. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R831861 (2006) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (2006) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (2006) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit |
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Salam MT, Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Lin PC, Gilliland FD. Transforming growth factor-β1 C-509T polymorphism, oxidant stress, and early-onset childhood asthma. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2007;176(12):1192-1199. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (2007) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (2007) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Salam MT, Lin PC, Avol EL, Gauderman WJ, Gilliland FD. Microsomal epoxide hydrolase, glutathione S-transferase P1, traffic and childhood asthma. Thorax 2007;62(12):1050-1057. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Salam MT, Islam T, Gilliland FD. Recent evidence for adverse effects of residential proximity to traffic sources on asthma. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 2008;14(1):3-8. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit |
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Salam MT, Islam T, Gauderman WJ, Gilliland FD. Roles of arginase variants, atopy, and ozone in childhood asthma. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2009;123(3):596-602. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
|
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Salam MT, Bastain TM, Rappaport EB, Islam T, Berhane K, Gauderman WJ, Gilliland FD. Genetic variations in nitric oxide synthase and arginase influence exhaled nitric oxide levels in children. Allergy 2011;66(3):412-419. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Sawant AA, Cocker III DR, Miller JW, Taliaferro T, Diaz-Sanchez D, Linn WS, Clark KW, Gong Jr. H. Generation and characterization of diesel exhaust in a facility for controlled human exposures. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2008;58(6):829-837. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit |
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Saxon A, Diaz-Sanchez D. Air pollution and allergy: you are what you breathe. Nature Immunology 2005;6(3):223-226. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) R826708 (2000) R826708 (2001) R826708 (2002) R826708 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Schlesinger RB, Kunzli N, Hidy GM, Gotschi T, Jerrett M. The health relevance of ambient particulate matter characteristics:coherence of toxicological and epidemiological inferences. Inhalation Toxicology 2006;18(2):95-125. |
R831861 (2005) R831845 (2005) |
Exit |
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Shankardass K, McConnell RS, Milam J, Berhane K, Tatalovich Z, Wilson JP, Jerrett M. The association between contextual socioeconomic factors and prevalent asthma in a cohort of Southern California school children. Social Science & Medicine 2007;65(8):1792-1806. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit |
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Stram DO. Designs for studies of personal exposure to air pollution and the impact of measurement error. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 2005;68(13-14):1181-1187. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit |
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Stram DO. Software for tag single nucleotide polymorphism selection. Human Genomics 2005;2(2):144-151. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Thomas DC. The need for a systematic approach to complex pathways in molecular epidemiology. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 2005;14(3):557-559. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Thomas DC, Haile RW, Duggan D. Recent developments in genomewide association scans: a workshop summary and review. American Journal of Human Genetics 2005;77(3):337-345. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit |
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Thomas DC, Witte JS, Greenland S. Dissecting effects of complex mixtures: who's afraid of informative priors? Epidemiology 2007;18(2):186-190. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit |
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Thomas D, Xie R, Gebregziabher M. Two-stage sampling designs for gene association studies. Genetic Epidemiology 2004;27(4):401-414. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit |
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Thomas D. Why do estimates of the acute and chronic effects of air pollution on mortality differ? Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 2005;68(13-14):1167-1174. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit |
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Thomas DC, Jerrett M, Kuenzli N, Louis TA, Dominici F, Zeger S, Schwartz J, Burnett RT, Krewski D, Bates D. Bayesian model averaging in time-series studies of air pollution and mortality. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A 2007;70(3-4):311-315. |
R831861 (2005) R830548 (Final) R832417 (Final) R832417C001 (2007) R832417C001 (2008) R832417C001 (2009) R832417C001 (Final) |
Exit |
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Thorne PS, Metwali N, Avol E, McConnell RS. Surface sampling for endotoxin assessment using electrostatic wiping cloths. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 2005;49(5):401-406. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R831861 (2006) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (2006) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) R826708 (2000) R826708 (2001) R826708 (2002) R826708 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Urman R, Garcia E, Berhane K, McConnell R, Gauderman W, Gilliland F. The Potential Effects of Policy-driven Air Pollution Interventions on Childhood Lung Development. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2020;201(4):438-444. |
R831861 (Final) R826708 (Final) |
Exit |
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Wan J, Diaz-Sanchez D. Phase II enzymes induction blocks the enhanced IgE production in B cells by diesel exhaust particles. Journal of Immunology 2006;177(5):3477-3483. |
R831861 (2005) R831861 (2006) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (2006) R831861C002 (2007) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) R826708 (2000) R826708 (2001) R826708 (2002) R826708 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Wan J, Diaz-Sanchez D. Antioxidant enzyme induction: a new protective approach against the adverse effects of diesel exhaust particles. Inhalation Toxicology 2007;19(Suppl 1):177-182. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (2007) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit |
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Wang C, Salam MT, Islam T, Wenten M, Gauderman WJ, Gilliland FD. Effects of in utero and childhood tobacco smoke exposure and beta2-adrenergic receptor genotype on childhood asthma and wheezing. Pediatrics 2008;122(1):e107-e114. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Wenten M, Berhane K, Rappaport EB, Avol E, Tsai WW, Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Dubeau L, Gilliland FD. TNF-308 modifies the effect of second-hand smoke on respiratory illness-related school absences. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2005;172(12):1563-1568. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R831861 (2006) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (2006) R831861C003 (Final) R826708 (2000) R826708 (2001) R826708 (2002) R826708 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Wenten M, Gauderman WJ, Berhane K, Lin PC, Peters J, Gilliland FD. Functional variants in the catalase and myeloperoxidase genes, ambient air pollution, and respiratory-related school absences: an example of epistasis in gene-environment interactions. American Journal of Epidemiology 2009;170(12):1494-1501. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Wenten M, Li YF, Lin PC, Gauderman WJ, Berhane K, Avol E, Gilliland FD. In utero smoke exposure, glutathione S-transferase P1 haplotypes, and respiratory illness-related absence among schoolchildren. Pediatrics 2009;123(5):1344-1351. |
R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Westerdahl D, Fruin SA, Fine PL, Sioutas C. The Los Angeles International Airport as a source of ultrafine particles and other pollutants to nearby communities. Atmospheric Environment 2008;42(13):3143-3155. |
R831861 (2005) R827352 (Final) R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413 (2009) R832413 (Final) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) R832413C001 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Wu J, Lurmann F, Winer A, Lu R, Turco R, Funk T. Development of an individual exposure model for application to the Southern California Children's Health Study. Atmospheric Environment 2005;39(2):259-273. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) R827352 (Final) R827352C015 (Final) R828172 (Final) R831845 (2005) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Wu J, Funk T, Lurmann F, Winer A. Improving spatial accuracy of roadway networks and geocoded addresses. Transactions in GIS 2005;9(4):585-601. |
R831861 (2005) R831861 (Final) R831861C001 (Final) R831861C002 (Final) R831861C003 (Final) R827352 (Final) R827352C015 (Final) R831845 (2005) |
Exit |
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Xie B, Gilliland FD, Li Y-F, Rockett HRH. Effects of ethnicity, family income, and education on dietary intake among adolescents. Preventive Medicine 2003;36(1):30-40. |
R831861 (2004) R831861 (2005) R826708 (2000) R826708 (2001) R826708 (2002) R826708 (Final) |
Exit |
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Zhang Y, Chen Z, Berhane K, Urman R, Chatzi V, Breton C, Gilliland F. The Dynamic Relationship Between Asthma and Obesity in Schoolchildren. American Journal of Epidemiology 2020;189(6):583-591. |
R831861 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
Supplemental Keywords:
Asthma, children, susceptibility, community, human health, environmental management, air, scientific discipline, health, health effects, risk assessment, health risk assessment, children's health, biochemistry, mobile sources, automotive exhaust, engine exhaust, allergen, respiratory problems, children's environmental health, childhood respiratory disease, outreach and education, community-based intervention, airway disease, automotive emissions, ambient particle pollution, asthma, human health risk assessment, RFA, Health, Scientific Discipline, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, Air, HUMAN HEALTH, Health Risk Assessment, Health Effects, Biochemistry, mobile sources, Children's Health, Risk Assessment, asthma, engine exhaust, traffic, community-based intervention, airway disease, respiratory problems, automotive emissions, Human Health Risk Assessment, automotive exhaust, childhood respiratory disease, susceptibility, ambient particle pollution, children's environmental health, outreach and educationProgress and Final Reports:
Original Abstract Subprojects under this Center: (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
R831861C001 Urban Air Pollution and Persistent Early Life Asthma
R831861C002 Pollution-Enhanced Allergic Inflammation and Phase II Enzymes
R831861C003 Air Pollution, Exhaled Breath Markers, and Asthma in Susceptible Children
The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA. Conclusions drawn by the principal investigators have not been reviewed by the Agency.