Grantee Research Project Results
2001 Progress Report: Investigating Chronic Effects of Exposure to Particulate Matter
EPA Grant Number: R827353C006Subproject: this is subproject number 006 , established and managed by the Center Director under grant R827353
(EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
Center: Health Effects Institute (2015 - 2020)
Center Director: Greenbaum, Daniel S.
Title: Investigating Chronic Effects of Exposure to Particulate Matter
Investigators: Dockery, Douglas W.
Current Investigators: Dockery, Douglas W. , Laden, Francine , Schwartz, Joel
Institution: Harvard University
EPA Project Officer: Chung, Serena
Project Period: June 1, 1999 through May 31, 2005 (Extended to May 31, 2006)
Project Period Covered by this Report: June 1, 2000 through May 31, 2001
Project Amount: Refer to main center abstract for funding details.
RFA: Airborne Particulate Matter (PM) Centers (1999) RFA Text | Recipients Lists
Research Category: Air Quality and Air Toxics , Particulate Matter , Air
Objective:
The primary objective of this project is to study the health effects associated with long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM). Part of this project is the follow up of the Six Cities Study cohort in an effort to assess the cumulative effect of long-term exposures to PM on the incidence of lung cancer, nonmalignant respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and cause-specific mortality. This project is one of four projects under Theme II: Identifying Populations Susceptible to the Health Effects of Particulate Air Pollution.
Progress Summary:
We have conducted a follow-up of the Six Cities Study cohort in an effort to assess the cumulative effect of long-term exposures on the incidence of lung cancer, nonmalignant respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and cause-specific mortality. More specifically, vital status was determined for the 8,111 participants in the Harvard Six Cities adult cohort for an additional 9 years of follow-up (1990-1998). We identified 1,430 additional deaths bringing the total to 2,737 deaths. Survival analyses of all-cause mortality shows that life expectancy continues to be reduced in the more polluted cities, with the survival relative ranking being the same as that observed in the original study.
During the follow-up period, 1990-1998, air pollution levels decreased in two of the cities, while they remained about the same in the other four. Similarly, the death relative risk decreased in the same two cities as compared to the other four. This suggests that changes in air pollution levels resulted in a fairly immediate drop in mortality (or an increase in life expectancy). A paper is under preparation by Laden, et al., and an abstract was presented at the 2002 International Society for Environmental Epidemiology.
We have completed an analysis of the effects of control of particulate air pollution on mortality in Dublin, Ireland (Clancy, Goodman, et al., in press). Because of high particulate (black smoke) levels, the Irish government banned the sale of coal within the city of Dublin as of September 1990. We show that mean black smoke concentrations dropped by 36 µg/m3 following the ban. After adjusting for the age distribution of the population, weather, influenza epidemics, and background mortality in the rest of Ireland, Dublin total mortality rates dropped by 6 percent, respiratory mortality dropped by 16 percent, and cardiovascular mortality by 10 percent.
Future Activities:
This analysis is being extended to other Irish cities, many of which subsequently banned coal sales.
Journal Articles on this Report : 1 Displayed | Download in RIS Format
Other subproject views: | All 4 publications | 4 publications in selected types | All 4 journal articles |
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Other center views: | All 207 publications | 205 publications in selected types | All 204 journal articles |
Type | Citation | ||
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Clancy L, Goodman P, Sinclair H, Dockery DW. Effect of air-pollution control on death rates in Dublin, Ireland:an intervention study. Lancet 2002;360(9341):1210-1214. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C006 (2001) R827353C006 (2002) R827353C006 (2003) R827353C006 (Final) |
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Supplemental Keywords:
chronic, particulate matter, PM, exposure, air pollution, Six Cities Study, Dublin, Ireland, black smoke., RFA, Health, PHYSICAL ASPECTS, Scientific Discipline, Air, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, particulate matter, Toxicology, air toxics, Environmental Chemistry, Epidemiology, Risk Assessments, Microbiology, Susceptibility/Sensitive Population/Genetic Susceptibility, Environmental Microbiology, Environmental Monitoring, Physical Processes, Children's Health, genetic susceptability, tropospheric ozone, Atmospheric Sciences, Molecular Biology/Genetics, Biology, Environmental Engineering, Risk Assessment, ambient air quality, health effects, interindividual variability, molecular epidemiology, monitoring, particle size, particulates, sensitive populations, chemical exposure, air pollutants, cardiopulmonary responses, health risks, human health effects, indoor exposure, lung, stratospheric ozone, ambient air monitoring, exposure and effects, ambient air, ambient measurement methods, exposure, pulmonary disease, developmental effects, epidemelogy, biological response, respiratory disease, air pollution, ambient monitoring, children, Human Health Risk Assessment, particle exposure, lung cancer, biological mechanism , cardiopulmonary response, chronic effects, human exposure, inhalation, pulmonary, susceptibility, particulate exposure, assessment of exposure, ambient particle health effects, elderly, indoor air, inhaled, atmospheric monitoring, epidemeology, human susceptibility, environmental health hazard, inhalation toxicology, cardiopulmonary, indoor air quality, inhaled particles, human health, measurement methods , air quality, cardiovascular disease, dosimetry, exposure assessment, human health risk, respiratory, measurement methods, genetic susceptibilityRelevant Websites:
http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/epacenter Exit
Progress and Final Reports:
Original AbstractMain Center Abstract and Reports:
R827353 Health Effects Institute (2015 - 2020) Subprojects under this Center: (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
R827353C001 Assessing Human Exposures to Particulate and Gaseous Air Pollutants
R827353C002 Quantifying Exposure Error and its Effect on Epidemiological
Studies
R827353C003 St. Louis Bus, Steubenville and Atlanta Studies
R827353C004 Examining Conditions That Predispose Towards
Acute Adverse Effects of Particulate Exposures
R827353C005 Assessing Life-Shortening Associated with Exposure to
Particulate Matter
R827353C006 Investigating Chronic Effects of Exposure to Particulate
Matter
R827353C007 Determining the Effects of Particle Characteristics on Respiratory Health of Children
R827353C008 Differentiating the Roles of Particle Size, Particle Composition,
and Gaseous Co-Pollutants on Cardiac Ischemia
R827353C009 Assessing Deposition of Ambient Particles in the Lung
R827353C010 Relating Changes in Blood Viscosity, Other Clotting Parameters,
Heart Rate, and Heart Rate Variability to Particulate and Criteria Gas Exposures
R827353C011 Studies of Oxidant Mechanisms
R827353C012 Modeling Relationships Between Mobile Source Particle Emissions and Population Exposures
R827353C013 Toxicological Evaluation of Realistic Emissions of Source Aerosols (TERESA) Study
R827353C014 Identifying the Physical and Chemical Properties of Particulate Matter Responsible for the Observed Adverse Health Effects
R827353C015 Research Coordination Core
R827353C016 Analytical and Facilities Core
R827353C017 Technology Development and Transfer Core
The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA. Conclusions drawn by the principal investigators have not been reviewed by the Agency.
Project Research Results
- Final Report
- 2004 Progress Report
- 2003 Progress Report
- 2002 Progress Report
- 2000 Progress Report
- 1999
- Original Abstract
4 journal articles for this subproject
Main Center: R827353
207 publications for this center
204 journal articles for this center