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2023
Henderson, W., D. Glinski, C. Coleman, A. Biales, R. Flick, M. Bell, O. Torano, J. Martinson, W. Huang, S. Purucker, AND D. Bencic. Targeted and untargeted metabolomics for deriving benchmark doses (BMDs) in fathead minnows. SETAC North America 44th Annual Meeting, Louisville, KY, November 12 - 16, 2023.
2022
See, Mary Jean, D. Bencic, R. Flick, Jim Lazorchak, AND A. Biales. Characterization of vitellogenin concentration in male fathead minnow mucus compared to plasma, and liver mRNA. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, 236:113428, (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113428
Fetke, J., J. Crago, W. Huang, Mary Jean See, M. Hu, J. Martinson, A. Willis, S. Subbiah, D. Bencic, R. Flick, AND A. Biales. Early life Exposure of Zebrafish to the Neonicotinoid Insecticide, Imidacloprid. SETAC, Pittsburgh, PA, November 13 - 17, 2022. https://doi.org/10.23645/epacomptox.21453606
Villeneuve, D., M. Le, M. Hazemi, A. Biales, D. Bencic, K. Bush, R. Flick, J. Martinson, M. Morshead, K. Santana Rodriguez, K. Vitense, AND K. Flynn. Pilot testing and optimization of a larval fathead minnow high throughput transcriptomics assay. Current Research in Toxicology. Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands, 4:100099, (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crtox.2022.100099
Biales, A., D. Bencic, Mary Jean See, S. Glassmeyer, D. Kolpin, M. Mills, E. Furlong, R. Flick, W. Huang, AND Tom Purucker. Systematic evaluation of factors affecting the characterization of wastewater effluents using gene expression. SETAC, Pittsburgh, PA, November 13 - 17, 2022. https://doi.org/10.23645/epacomptox.21597687
2021
Fetke, J., J. Martinson, R. Flick, W. Huang, Mary Jean See, D. Bencic, E. Pilgrim, R. Debry, AND A. Biales. DNA methylation and expression of estrogen receptor alpha in fathead minnows exposed to 17α-Ethynylestradiol. SETAC Europe, Duluth, MN, May 03 - 06, 2021. https://doi.org/10.23645/epacomptox.14485257
Fetke, J., J. Martinson, R. Flick, W. Huang, Mary Jean See, E. Pilgrim, R. DeBry, AND A. Biales. DNA methylation and expression of estrogen receptor alpha in fathead minnows exposed to 17α-ethynylestradiol. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, 233:105788., (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105788
Biales, A., J. Stelman, W. Huang, S. Glassmeyer, D. Kolpin, E. Furlong, M. Mills, Mary Jean See, D. Bencic, R. Flick, AND Tom Purucker. Evaluating the Temporal Stability of Gene Expression Endpoints with Repeated Sampling Up and Down Stream of a Wastewater Treatment Plant. SETAC North America 42nd Annual meeting, Portland, OR, November 14 - 18, 2021. https://doi.org/10.23645/epacomptox.17114027
Wang, R., D. Bencic, A. Biales, R. Flick, AND M. Hu. Fish Connectivity Mapping II: An Upgraded Library of Expression Profiles and its Performance Evaluations. SETAC North America 42nd Annual meeting, Portland, OR, November 14 - 18, 2021. https://doi.org/10.23645/epacomptox.17102465
Flynn, K., A. Biales, D. Bencic, R. Flick, J. Martinson, Dan Villeneuve, K. Jensen, J. Cavallin, R. Hockett, T. Norberg-King, M. Le, K. Bush, K. Santana-Rodriguez, AND M. Hazemi. High throughput transcriptomics: A multi-species approach. EPA Board of Scientific Councilors (BOSC) Virtual Meeting, Duluth, MN, February 02 - 05, 2021. https://doi.org/10.23645/epacomptox.13623977
2020
Le, M., D. Bencic, A. Biales, R. Flick, J. Martinson, Dan Villeneuve, AND K. Flynn. Effects of volume on acute toxicity and the transcriptome in fathead minnow exposures. SETAC North America, Fort Worth, TX, November 15 - 19, 2020. https://doi.org/10.23645/epacomptox.13182593
Biales, A., D. Bencic, R. Flick, A. Delacruz, D. Gordon, AND W. Huang. Global transcriptomic profiling of microcystin-LR or -RR treated hepatocytes (HepaRG). Toxicon: X. Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands, 8:100060, (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxcx.2020.100060
Flynn, K., D. Bencic, A. Biales, R. Flick, M. Le, J. Martinson, AND Dan Villeneuve. High throughput exposure methods to support the derivation of transcriptomics-based points of departure for common aquatic toxicity test organisms. SETAC North America, Fort Worth, TX, November 15 - 19, 2020. https://doi.org/10.23645/epacomptox.13242425
Fetke, J., R. Flick, J. Martinson, W. Huang, Mary Jean See, E. Pilgrim, AND A. Biales. Investigating the effects of DNA methylation on EE2 induction of estrogen receptor alpha gene expression in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology, Austin, TX, January 03 - 07, 2020.
2019
Biales, A., Greg Toth, J. Martinson, W. Huang, D. Bencic, R. Flick, Mary Jean See, D. Gordon, AND M. Kostich. An overview of the updated and annotated fathead minnow genome. SETAC North America, Toronto, ON, CANADA, November 03 - 07, 2019.
Huang, W., D. Bencic, R. Flick, D. Nacci, B. Clark, L. Burkhard, T. Lahren, AND A. Biales. Characterization of the Fundulus heteroclitus embryo transcriptional response and development of a gene expression-based fingerprint of exposure for the alternative flame retardant, TBPH (bis (2-ethylhexyl)-tetrabromophthalate). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, 247:696-705, (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.010
Kostich, M., D. Bencic, R. Flick, J. Martinson, W. Huang, Greg Toth, AND A. Biales. Comparing microarrays to RNA-seq for transcriptomic analysis of whole fathead minnow larvae. SETAC North America, Toronto, ON, CANADA, November 03 - 07, 2019.
Fetke, J., R. Flick, J. Martinson, W. Huang, Mary Jean See, E. Pilgrim, AND A. Biales. DNA Methylation Profile of Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Fish Exposed to EE2. SETAC North America, Toronto, ON, CANADA, November 03 - 07, 2019.
Flick, R., D. Bencic, M. Kostich, AND A. Biales. Determination of an optimal age and duration of exposure of larval fathead minnows for gene expression-based studies. SETAC North America, Toronto, ON, CANADA, November 03 - 07, 2019.
Martinson, J., W. Huang, G. Toth, D. Bencic, R. Flick, D. Lattier, A. Biales, AND M. Kostich. Development and Annotation of Protein Coding Gene Models for the Fathead Minnow Genome. 2019 SETAC North America Annual Meeting, Toronto, CANADA, November 03 - 07, 2019.
Martinson, J., D. Bencic, R. Flick, M. Kostich, W. Huang, D. Lattier, AND A. Biales. Development of Classifiers of Exposure Employing Fathead minnow, including Evaluation of an Alternative, Lower Cost, RNA-seq Library Preparation Method. 2019 SETAC North America Annual Meeting, Toronto, CANADA, November 03 - 07, 2019.
Toth, G., D. Bencic, R. Flick, W. Huang, AND A. Biales. Differential expression of coding and non-coding RNAs in propranolol-exposed fathead minnow larvae. 2019 SETAC North America Annual Meeting, Toronto, CANADA, November 03 - 07, 2019.
Huang, W., D. Bencic, R. Flick, J. Fetke, AND A. Biales. Genome-wide identification of epigenetic changes associated with 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) exposure in the fathead minnows. 2019 American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) Annual Meeting, Houston, TX, October 15 - 19, 2019.
Biales, A., D. Bencic, R. Flick, D. Gordon, AND W. Huang. Global transcriptomic profiling of microcystin-LR or -RR treated hepatocytes (HepaRG). SETAC North America, Toronto, ON, CANADA, November 03 - 07, 2019.
Kostich, M., D. Bencic, A. Batt, MaryJean See, R. Flick, D. Gordon, Jim Lazorchak, AND A. Biales. Multigene Biomarkers of Pyrethroid Exposure: Exploratory Experiments. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Pensacola, FL, 38(11):2436-2466, (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4552
2018
Toth, Greg, D. Lattier, D. Bencic, M. Kostich, R. Flick, AND A. Biales. Differential Expression of microRNAs in Fathead Minnow Larvae Exposed to Ethinyl Estradiol. 2018 SETAC NA Annual Meeting, Sacramento, California, November 04 - 08, 2018.
Huang, W., D. Bencic, R. Flick, AND A. Biales. Genome-wide Assessment of CpG-methylation Changes in Male Fathead Minnows after Exposure to 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2). 2018 SETAC North America Meeting, Sacramento, CA, November 04 - 08, 2018.
2017
Kostich, M., R. Flick, A. Batt, H. Mash, S. Boone, E. Furlong, D. Kolpin, AND S. Glassmeyer. Aquatic concentrations of chemical analytes compared to ecotoxicity estimates. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT. Elsevier BV, AMSTERDAM, Netherlands, 579:1649-1657, (2017).
Feswick, A., M. Isaacs, A. Biales, R. Flick, D. Bencic, R. Wang, C. Vulpe, M. Brown-Augustine, A. Loguinov, F. Falciani, P. Antczak, J. Herbert, L. Brown, N. Denslow, K. Kroll, C. Lavelle, V. Dang, L. Escalon, N. Garcia-Reyero, C. Martyniuk, AND K. Munkittrick. How consistent are we? Interlaboratory comparison study in fathead minnows using the model estrogen 17α‐ethinylestradiol to develop recommendations for environmental transcriptomics. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Pensacola, FL, 36(10):2614-2623, (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3799
2016
Feswick, A., M. Isaacs, A. Biales, R. Flick, D. Bencic, R. Wang, B. Lorraine, M. Brown-Augustine, AND A. Loguinov. How consistent are we? Inter-laboratory comparison for male fathead minnows exposed to 17α-ethinylestradiol. Society of Toxicology and Chemistry, Orlando, FL, November 06 - 10, 2016.
2015
Reddy, T., R. Flick, Jim Lazorchak, M. Smith, B. Wiechman, AND D. Lattier. Experimental paradigm for in-lab proxy aquatic studies under conditions of static, non flow through chemical exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Pensacola, FL, 34(12):2796-2802, (2015).
2014
Flick, R., D. Bencic, MaryJean See, AND A. Biales. Sensitivity of the vitellogenin assay to diagnose exposure of fathead minnows to 17α-ethynylestradiol. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, 152(2014):353-360, (2014).
2013
Kostich, M., R. Flick, AND J. Martinson. Comparing predicted estrogen concentrations with measurements in US waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, 178(7):271-277, (2013).
Biales, A., M. Kostich, R. Flick, D. Bencic, K. Ho, R. Burgess, M. Perron, L. Portis, M. Pelletier, AND M. Reiss. Linkage of genomic biomarkers to whole organism endpoints in a Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 47(3):1306-1312, (2013).
2012
WANG, R., D. C. BENCIC, A. D. BIALES, R. W. FLICK, J. M. LAZORCHAK, DAN VILLENEUVE, AND G. T. ANKLEY. Discovery and validation of gene classifiers for endocrine-disrupting chemicals in zebrafish (Danio rerio). BMC Genomics. BioMed Central Ltd, London, Uk, 13:358, (2012).
2011
WANG, R., D. C. BENCIC, A. D. BIALES, R. W. FLICK, J. M. LAZORCHAK, DAN VILLENEUVE, AND G. T. ANKLEY. Development of transcriptomics-based biomarkers for selected endocrine disrupting chemicals in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Presented at SETAC 2011, Boston, MA, November 13 - 17, 2011.
BENCIC, D. C., R. WANG, A. D. BIALES, R. W. FLICK, DAN VILLENEUVE, G. T. ANKLEY, AND D. L. LATTIER. Gene and protein expression biomarkers in fungicide exposed zebrafish. Presented at Society of Toxicology Meeting, Washington, DC, March 05 - 11, 2011.
BIALES, A. D., D. C. BENCIC, R. W. FLICK, K. A. BLOCKSOM, J. M. LAZORCHAK, AND D. L. LATTIER. Proteomic analysis of a model fish species exposed to individual pesticides and a binary mixture . AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, 101(1):196-206, (2011).
BIALES, A. D., D. C. BENCIC, K. A. BLOCKSOM, D. L. LATTIER, R. W. FLICK, AND J. M. LAZORCHAK. Proteomic analysis of a model fish species exposed to individual pesticides and a binary mixture--Presentation. Presented at Society of Toxicology Meeting, Washington, DC, March 05 - 11, 2011.
FLICK, R. W. AND M. A. CRANE. Sensitivity of the vitellogenin assay: ability to discriminate among exposure concentrations in adult fathead minnow. Presented at SETAC 2011, Boston, MA, November 13 - 17, 2011.
2010
KOSTICH, M., R. W. FLICK, AND J. W. MARTINSON. Modeling environmental loading rates of municipal wastewater contaminants: steroidal estrogens. Presented at SETAC North America 2010 Annual Meeting, Portland, OR, November 07 - 12, 2010.
FLICK, R. W. AND J. T. Oris. Technical considerations in the use of 18s rRNA in gene expression studies. Presented at SETAC 31st Annual Meeting, Portland, OR, November 07 - 11, 2010.
LAZORCHAK, J. M., H. Schoenfuss, D. C. BENCIC, A. D. BIALES, R. W. FLICK, AND C. T. NIETCH. Using biological endpoints for assessing exposures to endocrine disrupting contaminants of emerging concern. Presented at SETAC Europe, Seville, SPAIN, May 23 - 27, 2010.
2009
BENCIC, D. C., A. ALWAN, J. DORKIN, A. D. BIALES, R. W. FLICK, A. BATT, L. Tedesco, AND J. M. LAZORCHAK. Assessment of exposure of fish to emerging contaminants in the Eagle Creek Watershed. Presented at SWIMS Conference, Chicago, IL, February 09 - 11, 2009.
REDDY, T. V., M. E. Smith, J. M. LAZORCHAK, D. L. LATTIER, A. D. BIALES, D. C. BENCIC, AND R. W. FLICK. Induction of vitellogenin gene expression in adult male fathead minnows for select EDCs in 48-hour exposures. Presented at SETAC, New Orleans, LA, November 19 - 23, 2009.
2008
FLICK, R. W., J. M. LAZORCHAK, AND J. Oris. Effects of hypoxia on the response of fish to estrogen exposure . Presented at SETAC, Tampa, FL, November 16 - 20, 2008.
LAZORCHAK, J. M., R. W. FLICK, A. D. BIALES, D. A. GORDON, D. C. BENCIC, G. T. ANKLEY, D. H. MILLER, A. Awan, AND L. ZINTEK. Methods to measure indicators of exposure in real-world aquatic environments. Presented at SETAC, Tampa, FL, November 16 - 20, 2008.
BULMAN, A., D. C. BENCIC, A. D. BIALES, R. W. FLICK, G. ROSS, AND D. L. LATTIER. SELDI PROTEINCHIP-BASED LIVER BIOMARKERS IN FUNGICIDE EXPOSED ZEBRAFISH. Presented at Society of Toxicology, Seattle, WA, March 16 - 20, 2008.
2007
KIDD, K. A., P. J. BLANCHFIELD, K. H. MILLS, V. P. PALACE, R. E. EVANS, J. M. LAZORCHAK, AND R. W. FLICK. COLLAPSE OF A FISH POPULATION FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO A SYNTHETIC ESTROGEN. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. National Academy of Sciences, WASHINGTON, DC, 104(21):8897-8901, (2007).
FLICK, R. W. AND J. M. LAZORCHAK. DEVELOPMENT OF MARKERS OF EXPOSURE TO COPPER, NONYLPHENOL AND ATRAZINE USING SUTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION. Presented at SETAC North America, Milwaukee, WI, November 11 - 15, 2007.
BIALES, A. D., D. C. BENCIC, R. W. FLICK, J. M. LAZORCHAK, AND D. L. LATTIER. QUANTIFICATION AND ASSOCIATED VARIABILITY OF INDUCED VITELLOGENIN GENE TRANSCRIPTS IN FATHEAD MINNOW (PIMEPHALES PROMELAS) BY QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ASSAY . ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Pensacola, FL, 26(2):287-296, (2007).
2005
LAZORCHAK, J. M., R. W. FLICK, K. KIDD, V. PALACE, AND R. EVANS. FATHEAD MINNOW AND PEARL DACE PILOT AT CANADIAN EXPERIMENTAL LAKES AREA. Presented at 2005 EPA Science Forum, Washington, DC, May 16 - 18, 2005.
BENCIC, D. C., A. D. BIALES, R. W. FLICK, E. R. WAITS, TIM COLLETTE, D. GETER, M. OKINO, AND R. TORNERO-VELEZ. LINKING 'OMIC AND GENETIC DATA TO PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED PHARMACOKINETIC AND PHARMACODYNAMIC MODELING TO ENHANCE ECOLOGICAL AND HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT. Presented at 2005 EPA Science Forum, Washington, DC, May 16 - 18, 2005.
LAZORCHAK, J. M., C. G. DAUGHTON, G. T. ANKLEY, J. E. TIETGE, EARL E. GRAY, V. S. WILSON, R. W. FLICK, A. D. BIALES, D. L. LATTIER, D. C. BENCIC, M. KOSTICH, M. MILLS, T. L. JONES-LEPP, L. I. OSEMWENGIE, K. M. SCHENCK, AND S. GLASSMEYER. U.S. EPA'S RESEARCH ON THE ECOLOGICAL EXPOSURE, EFFECTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION CHEMICALS AND PHARMACEUTICALS. Presented at South Platte Forum, Longmont, CO, October 27, 2005.
2004
Lazorchak, J M., R Flick, D L. Lattier, B E. Wiechman, M E. Smith, AND D A. Gordon. 2003 GENE EXPRESSION FINDINGS, CANADIAN WHOLE LAKE DOSING STUDY. Presented at Whole Lake Dosing Study Collaborators' Meeting, Winnepeg, Canada, April 13-14, 2004.
Lazorchak, J M., V. Palace, R. E. Evans, K. Wautier, R Flick, B E. Wiechman, K. Kidd, AND D L. Lattier. MOLECULAR, PROTEIN AND HISTOLOGICAL INDICATORS IN FATHEAD MINNOWS EXPOSEDF TO EE2 IN A WHOLE-LAKE DOSING EXPERIMENT. Presented at Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry, Portland, OR, November 14-18, 2004.
Flick, R, J M. Lazorchak, AND M E. Smith. VITELLOGENIN GENE EXPRESSION IN FATHEAD MINNOWS AND PEARL DACE FROM CONTROL (NON-DOSED) AND LAKES DOSED WITH EE2 IN THE CANADIAN EXPERIMENTAL LAKES AREA. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/600/R-04/173 (NTIS PB2006-114611), 2004.
2003
Miracle, A L., D L. Lattier, R Flick, T V. Reddy, AND G P. Toth. ADAPTING MICROARRAY TECHNOLOGY FOR USE IN ECOTOXICOGENOMICS. Presented at Third International Conference on Pharmaceuticals and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals, Minneapolis, MN, March 19-21, 2003.
Lazorchak, J M., R Flick, D L. Lattier, B E. Wiechman, M E. Smith, AND D A. Gordon. PRELIMINARY YEAR 2001 GENE EXPRESSION FINDINGS. Presented at Collaborators on Experimental Lakes Area Annual Meeging, Winnipeg, Canada, April 7-8, 2003.
Smith, B., R Landy, D L. Lattier, A L. Miracle, R Flick, L Hitchens*, D J. Murray*, J Santo Domingo, AND J A. Glaser*. SCIENCE RESULTS INTEGRATION. BRINGING MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TECHNIQUES TO REGIONAL WATER MONITORING PROGRAMS. Presented at 2003 EPA Science Forum, Washington, DC, May 05 - 07, 2003.
Lazorchak, J M., R Flick, D L. Lattier, K. Kidd, V. Palace, M E. Smith, B E. Wiechman, T. Hodge, AND G P. Toth. VITELLOGENIN GENE EXPRESSION IN FATHEAD MINNOWS EXPOSED TO EE2 IN A WHOLE LAKE DOSING EXPERIMENT. Presented at Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Austin, TX, November 8-13, 2003.
2002
Lattier, D L., T V. Reddy, D A. Gordon, J M. Lazorchak, M E. Smith, D. E. Williams, B E. Wiechman, R Flick, A L. Miracle, AND G P. Toth. 17A-ETHYNYLESTRADIOL-INDUCED VITELLOGENIN GENE TRANSCRIPTION QUANTIFIED IN LIVERS OF ADULT MALES, LARVAE, AND GILLS OF FATHEAD MINNOW (PIMEPHALES PROMELAS). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 21(11):2385-2393, (2002).
Miracle, A L., D L. Lattier, R Flick, G P. Toth, AND D. Versteeg. DEVELOPMENT OF MICROARRAYS AS A TOOL FOR DISCOVERING ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE INDICATORS. Presented at Society of Toxicology, Nashville, TN, March 17-21, 2002.
Reddy, T V., A L. Miracle, R Flick, J M. Lazorchak, D L. Lattier, G P. Toth, AND M E. Smith. DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY OF TRENBOLONE AND DEHP INDUCED GENE TRANSCRIPT PATTERNS IN FATHEAD MINNOW LIVER. Presented at Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Salt Lake City, UT, November 18-22, 2002.
2001
Flick, R, D L. Lattier, J M. Lazorchak, M E. Smith, D. E. Williams, S E. Campbell, F. J. deNoyelles, T V. Reddy, D. W. Graham, AND G P. Toth. DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY ANALYSES OF THE AMPHIPOD HYALELLA AZTECA EXPOSED TO ETHYNYLESTRADIOL AT THREE DIFFERENT TROPHIC LEVELS. Presented at Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Baltimore, MD, November 11-15, 2001.
Lattier, D L., R Flick, J M. Lazorchak, G P. Toth, M E. Smith, D. E. Williams, AND B E. Wiechman. ECOTOXICOGENOMICS: EXPOSURE INDICATORS USING ESTS AND SUBTRACTIVE LIBRARIES FOR MULTI-LIFE STAGES OF PIMEPHALES. Presented at Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Baltimore, MD, November 11-15, 2001.