Main Title |
Carbon Monoxide Exposures Inside an Automobile Traveling on an Urban Arterial Highway. |
Author |
Ott, W. ;
Switzer, P. ;
Willits, N. ;
|
CORP Author |
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab. ;Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Statistics. ;California Univ., Davis. |
Publisher |
1994 |
Year Published |
1994 |
Report Number |
EPA/600/J-94/476; |
Stock Number |
PB95-138285 |
Additional Subjects |
Carbon monoxide ;
Environmental exposure ;
Air pollution monitoring ;
Reprints ;
Air flow rates ;
Confined environments ;
Intake systems ;
Vehicle air pollution ;
Urban highways ;
Arterial highways ;
Urban intersections ;
Automobile urban usage ;
Driving simulation ;
Motor vehicles ;
California ;
Vehicle interior
|
Holdings |
Library |
Call Number |
Additional Info |
Location |
Last Modified |
Checkout Status |
NTIS |
PB95-138285 |
Some EPA libraries have a fiche copy filed under the call number shown. |
|
07/26/2022 |
|
Collation |
11p |
Abstract |
Carbon monoxide (CO) exposures were measured inside a motor vehicle during 88 standardized drives on a major urban arterial highway, El Camino Real (traffic volume of 30,500-45,000 vehicles per day), over a 13-1/2 month period. For the 88 trips, the mean CO concentration was 9.8 ppm, with a standard deviation of 5.8 ppm. Of 9 covariates that were examined to explain the variability in the mean CO exposures observed on the 88 trips (ambient CO at 2 fixed stations, atmospheric stability, seasonal trend function, time of day, average surrounding vehicle count, trip duration, proportion of time stopped at lights, and instrument type), a fairly strong seasonal trend was found. A model consisting of only a single measure of traffic volume and a seasonal trend component had substantial predictive power; by contrast, the ambient CO levels, although partially correlated with average exposures, contributed comparatively little predictive power to the model. This study shows: (1) the mass balance equation can relate exterior CO concentrations as a function of time to interior CO concentrations, (2) CO exposures on urban arterial highways vary with season, (3) momentary CO experienced behind red lights vary with the intersection, and (4) an averaging time model can simulate exposures during short trips (20 minutes or less) on urban arterial highways. |
Supplementary Notes |
Pub. in Jnl. of Air and Waste Management Association, v44 p1010-1018. Prepared in cooperation with Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Statistics. and California Univ., Davis. |
NTIS Title Notes |
Journal article. |
Title Annotations |
Reprint: Carbon Monoxide Exposures Inside an Automobile Traveling on an Urban Arterial Highway. |
Category Codes |
68A; 85H; 91A |
NTIS Prices |
PC A03/MF A01 |
Primary Description |
600/09 |
Document Type |
NT |
Cataloging Source |
NTIS/MT |
Control Number |
502019200 |
Origin |
NTIS |
Type |
CAT |