Grantee Research Project Results
Final Report: Engineering of Nanocrystal Based Catalytic Materials for Hydroprocessing of Halogenated Organics
EPA Grant Number: R828598C802Subproject: this is subproject number 802 , established and managed by the Center Director under grant R828598
(EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
Center: UT Center for Infrastructure Modeling and Management
Center Director: Hodges, Ben R.
Title: Engineering of Nanocrystal Based Catalytic Materials for Hydroprocessing of Halogenated Organics
Investigators: Mullins, Charles , Allen, David T.
Institution: The University of Texas at Austin
EPA Project Officer: Aja, Hayley
Project Period: September 1, 2000 through August 31, 2004
RFA: Gulf Coast Hazardous Substance Research Center (Lamar University) (1996) RFA Text | Recipients Lists
Research Category: Hazardous Waste/Remediation , Targeted Research
Objective:
Large quantities of halogenated organic waste are generated annually from the production of chlorine and fluorine containing commodity chemicals. In the past, these wastes have been landfilled or incinerated. Although many of these wastes are generated as byproducts in catalytic processes, catalysis has largely been overlooked as a solution to waste treatment or disposal. Recently, catalytic hydrodechlorination has been examined as an alternate method of treating or recycling chlorinated waste streams. Although many different hydrodechlorination catalysts and many model compounds have been used, few researchers have performed systematic studies of any particular system. Work performed at the University of Texas, funded by the US EPA through the Gulf Coast Hazardous Substance Research Program and by Hanwha Chemical, has explored the utility of catalytic hydroprocessing for recycling wastes streams from chemical manufacturing processes. These studies were focused on characterizing actual industrial waste streams and performing systematic studies of the reactions of waste streams and waste stream components over selected industrial catalysts. While these studies provide data that will be valuable in the design of current processes, the studies will have limited value in the design of the next generation of catalytic materials for these processes. In this project, we have proposed a series of surface science studies with the goal of contributing to the chemical insight needed to design subsequent generations of catalysts for this chemistry.
In order to contribute to this important environmental problem we propose to experimentally investigate the catalytic chemistry of hydrodechlorination processes and materials. We will conduct investigations on several fronts in an attempt to provide an understanding of the fundamental aspects of this rich and complicated chemistry so that they can be used to guide the engineering design of better catalytic processes and materials. The catalytic materials used for hydroprocessing of halogenated organics are frequently composed of a metal-oxide (i.e., silica, alumina, or titania) pellet that is highly porous (surface areas of 300 m2/gram) which is the "support" for small particles of metal (frequently Ni, Pt, Pd, etc.) and various promoters and inhibitors. Thus we will undertake the following activities in attacking this problem: (1) We will synthesize "model" planar catalytic materials to be used in a wide range of experimental studies. These materials will consist of a thin (10-20 nm) layer of metal-oxide (used to emulate the real catalytic support material) laid over a piece of metal (that is simply used as a carrier for the model catalyst) with small metal clusters (an important part of the active portion of the catalyst) decorating the oxide surface. This planar "model" catalyst then emulates all of the chemical characteristics of the industrial (porous) catalyst but without mass transfer limitations. Further, since the oxide layer is thin, planar, and on a metal sample, well-developed spectroscopic probes employing electron scattering can be used to probe the structure of the catalyst and chemical intermediates. We will begin by trying to construct model planar catalysts that emulate currently available catalysts but we will rapidly move into the synthesis of more novel structures with the idea of building materials that are more active and selective for hydroprocessing applications. A large part of our efforts will involve attempting to synthesize more active and selective catalytic materials for hydroprocessing of halogenated organics through control of metal particle size and synthesis of bimetallic (alloy) catalysts. (2) We will use these planar model catalysts in both ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) studies as well as in situ high pressure, high temperature studies under industrial conditions. With regard to the UHV studies we will utilize the full spectrum of instrumentation available at the University of Texas. (3) We will attempt to synthesize real catalyst materials for use under industrial conditions based on the results from the model studies. (4) We will also conduct more classical experiments utilizing commercial catalysts under the high temperature and pressure conditions characteristic of industrial processes as a baseline for comparison with the materials that we develop. (5) Finally, we will conduct similar experiments to those mentioned above utilizing samples of the active metal employed in industrial catalysts but without the metal-oxide support. Although the support and metal work together to provide the catalytic effect, typically the metal is the more important part of the pellet. These experiments are valuable when put together with the experiments suggested above in assisting us in determining the chemical/physical effect of various support materials on the metal particle.
In carrying out these studies there are several engineering objectives: As mentioned above we will attempt to better understand this catalytic chemistry by synthesizing "advanced" model catalytic materials which are highly characterized. By advanced we mean, constructed of metal clusters that are all within a narrow band of sizes so that we can determine the effect of cluster size on catalytic activity. We believe that such investigations hold great promise.....it has recently been discovered that very small clusters (2-5 nm) of gold supported on titania catalyze directly the epoxidation of propylene (a new process) and Dow is rapidly commercializing this process and catalyst. Thus, the nature of the active component of the catalyst (i.e., the metal particle) can be induced to change profoundly by changing the particle size in the nanometer regime.
We will characterize the materials using Transmission Electron Microscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy ...... this will allow us to characterize the size distributions of the metal clusters and also probe their chemical character. We will follow this more "physical" characterization with the high pressure, high temperature experiments mentioned above to test the chemical properties of the catalysts and their effectiveness in converting the halogenated organic wastes into more benign products. In particular we will study the distributions of products from the commercial catalysts as well as the model supported catalysts and metal samples that we will employ. We will also study the chemistry and chemical intermediates employing the model catalyst and metal samples under the more highly controlled conditions afforded by UHV and robust sample temperature control. We will be able to "freeze" in chemical intermediates and slow down the chemical reactions so that they can be studied with instruments that probe the microscopic structure of the halogenated organic and the catalyst surface. The model catalysts will also be studied at high pressure and temperature via the in situ capability afforded by our apparatus. This capability will allow us to study the composition and morphology of the model catalyst before and after employment under industrial operating conditions. These studies will allow us to better understand catalyst de-activation and re-activation. We will study the reactions of chlorinated methanes with planar model catalysts synthesized on single crystalline titania surfaces. Gold and iridium will be evaporated onto the titania to create nanoclusters. The iridium clusters will allow a comparison to the single crystalline Ir sample studies that we have already performed. Transmission electron microscopy will be employed to characterize the size and size distribution of the clusters. In Year 3 we plan to complete studies of the reaction of carbon tetrachloride with gold clusters supported on the model titania surface. We will also characterize our model catalyst employing transmission electron microscopy. We also hope to study additional model catalysts (composed of iridium clusters supported on single crystalline titania) and additional chlorinated methanes.
Summary/Accomplishments (Outputs/Outcomes):
We have studied the reaction of chlorinated methanes with the clean, oxygen pre-covered, and hydrogen pre-covered Ir(110) and Ir(111) surfaces. In these studies we discovered that most of these chlorinated methanes dissociatively chemisorb readily on both surfaces over a wide temperature range. Further, carbon tetrachloride reacts with adsorbed oxygen and adsorbed hydrogen on the Ir(110) surface and chlorine from the decomposed molecule poisons these surface reactions and additional adsorption. Small amounts of methane are made in the reaction of carbon tetrachloride with the hydrogen pre-covered Ir(110) surface.
We have also synthesized a planar model catalyst composed of a single crystalline sample of titania (TiO2(110)) decorated with gold nanoclusters and we have begun reaction studies with this sample. Indeed, we have been studying the oxidation of carbon monoxide employing this gold on titania materials system and discovered much interesting chemistry. Carbon monoxide can be oxidized at temperatures as low as 65 K if atomic oxygen is pre-adsorbed. Molecular oxygen will not measurably dissociate on this surface. It appears that the reactive site on the catalyst is at the gold/titania interface. Results have been obtained of the reactivity of atomically chemisorbed oxygen on Au/TiO2 model catalyst samples. A systematic study of the temperature dependence, gold coverage dependence, and the oxygen atom coverage dependence was conducted. Atomically chemisorbed oxygen is found to be very reactive for the CO oxidation reaction. CO2 production is observed at a temperature of 65 K if atomic oxygen species are present on the sample. The reaction of CO with atomically chemisorbed oxygen is found to be relatively independent of the gold coverage on the sample and hence the gold particle size. This finding is in contrast to results that have been found on real catalyst systems, suggesting that if the real reaction proceeds through the dissociation of oxygen to form adatoms, the dissociation is likely the rate-limiting step. The reaction is observed to be strongly dependent on the oxygen coverage and on the surface temperature, with the adsorption/desorption kinetics of CO playing a large role in determining the reactivity of the sample.
Identification of a molecularly chemisorbed oxygen state (O2,a) on the catalyst samples was also found. Although ground state, gas-phase O2 does not adsorb on the model catalyst samples under ultrahigh vacuum conditions, exposure of the model catalyst samples to a plasma-jet of oxygen results in the population of molecularly chemisorbed oxygen species and atomically adsorbed species. Evidence was found from thermal desorption, collision-induced desorption, and adsorption/reaction-induced desorption, identifying the molecular oxygen state on the catalyst samples studied. An O2,a desorption feature peaked at ~145 K, corresponding to an adsorption energy of ~0.35 eV, is observed following exposure of the sample to the plasma-jet. It has been shown that some of the O2,a forms via recombination of O atoms on the surface during the plasma-jet exposure. However, this does not appear to be the dominant mechanism for the formation of O2,a. Evidence was also found showing that adsorption of an oxygen atom can assist in the molecular chemisorption of gas-phase molecular oxygen. As the plasma-jet is only ~40% efficient (i.e. only ~40% of molecules in plasma-jet are dissociated), gas-phase oxygen molecules that strike the surface during simultaneous atomic oxygen adsorption might have an enhance probability of adsorbing molecularly on the sample. Other possible adsorption routes such as adsorption of excited (electronically or vibrationally) oxygen species are discussed.
An experimental protocol for testing the reactivity of molecularly chemisorbed oxygen was discovered. It is found that molecularly chemisorbed oxygen does react efficiently with impinging CO at 77 K. Although, it is not possible to determine the reaction probability of the molecularly chemisorbed oxygen, it appears that it is at least as reactive as the atomically chemisorbed species. The existence of a reaction channel with molecularly chemisorbed oxygen indicates that dissociation of oxygen may not be necessary for CO oxidation on gold-based catalysts. Also, the fact that the reaction appears to be relatively facile suggests that the particle size effects that have been observed for the CO oxidation reaction could be due to small particles being able to activate the molecular chemisorption of oxygen more efficiently than larger particles and bulk gold.
Conclusions:
We are continuing our studies of supported nanoclusters of Ir through funding through DOE and we hope to continue the promising work on Au with funding from NSF (pending).
Journal Articles on this Report : 8 Displayed | Download in RIS Format
Other subproject views: | All 11 publications | 9 publications in selected types | All 9 journal articles |
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Other center views: | All 359 publications | 104 publications in selected types | All 90 journal articles |
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Kim TS, Stiehl JD, Reeves CT, Meyer RJ, Mullins CB. Cryogenic CO oxidation on TiO2-supported gold nanoclusters precovered with atomic oxygen. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2003;125(8):2018-2019. |
R828598C802 (Final) |
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Meyer RJ, Reeves CT, Safarik DJ, Allen DT, Mullins CB. Comparison of phosgene formation from adsorption of carbon tetrachloride on oxygen modified Ir(111) and oxygen modified Ir(110). Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 2001;19(4):1524-1530. |
R828598 (Final) R828598C802 (2001) R828598C802 (Final) R826694C626 (Final) |
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Reeves CT, Meyer RJ, Mullins CB. Dissociative adsorption and hydrodechlorination of CCl4 on Ir(110). Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 2003;202(1-2):135-146. |
R828598 (Final) R828598C802 (2001) R828598C802 (Final) |
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Safarik DJ, Mullins CB. A new methodology and model for characterization of nucleation and growth kinetics in solids. Journal of Chemical Physics 2003; 119(23):12510-12524. |
R828598C802 (Final) |
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Safarik DJ, Mullins CB. Surface phase transformation kinetics: a geometrical model for thin films of nonvolatile and volatile solids. Journal of Chemical Physics 2002;117(17):8110-8123. |
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Stiehl JD, Kim TS, McClure SM, Mullins CB. Evidence for molecularly chemisorbed oxygen on TiO2 supported gold nanoclusters and Au(111). Journal of the American Chemical Society 2004;126(6):1606-1607. |
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Stiehl JD, Kim TS, Reeves CT, Meyer RJ, Mullins CB. Reactive scattering of CO from an oxygen-atom-covered Au/TiO2 model catalyst. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2004;108(23):7917-7926. |
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Stiehl JD, Kim TS, McClure SM, Mullins CB. Reaction of CO with molecularly chemisorbed oxygen on TiO2-supported gold nanoclusters. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2004;126(42):13574-13575. |
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Supplemental Keywords:
catalysis, supported nanocluster metal chemistry, surface science,, RFA, Scientific Discipline, Waste, Water, TREATMENT/CONTROL, Sustainable Industry/Business, Physics, Remediation, Wastewater, Environmental Chemistry, Sustainable Environment, Chemistry, Technology for Sustainable Environment, Analytical Chemistry, Civil/Environmental Engineering, Biochemistry, New/Innovative technologies, Chemistry and Materials Science, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Water Pollution Control, waste treatment, wastewater treatment, waste reduction, industrial wastewater, in situ remediation, wastewater remediation, membranes, remediation technologies, nanotechnology, environmental sustainability, catalytic studies, nanocatalysts, reductive degradation of hazardous organics, environmentally applicable nanoparticles, sustainability, reductive dechlorination, hazardous organics, nanoparticles, pollution prevention, innovative technologies, membrane technology, reductive detoxification, halogenated organics, recycleProgress and Final Reports:
Original AbstractMain Center Abstract and Reports:
R828598 UT Center for Infrastructure Modeling and Management Subprojects under this Center: (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
R822721C529 Environmentally Acceptable Endpoints: Risk Based Remediation Using Bioremediation
R822721C552 Degradative Solidification/Stabilization Technology for Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
R822721C569 Treatment and Product Recovery: Supercritical Water Oxidation of Nylon Monomer Manufacturing Waste
R822721C620 Colloidal Fouling of Membranes: Implications in the Treatment of Textile Dye Wastes and Water Reuse
R822721C626 Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Chlorinated Organics
R822721C627 The Interaction of Microbial Activity and Zero Valent Iron Permeable Barrier Technology
R822721C630 Microbial Cometabolism of Recalcitrant Chemicals in Contaminated Air Streams
R822721C633 Catalyst Lifetime Studies for Chlorocarbon Steam Reforming
R822721C635 Electrokinetic/Surfactant-Enhanced Remediation of Hydrophobic Pollutants in Low Permeability Subsurface Environments
R822721C636 Transformation Reactions of Nitroaromatic and Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds on Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Surfaces: Enhancement of GAC Adsorption in Natural and Engineered Environmental Systems
R822721C640 Environmentally Friendly Organic Synthesis in Supercritical Fluids
R822721C645 Development and Evaluation of an Integrated Model to Facilitate Risk-Based Corrective Action at Superfund Sites
R822721C651 Adjustable Biopolymer Chelators for Cadmium, Lead and Mercury
R822721C653 New Electrochemically Smart Catalysts for Hazardous Waste Management and Development of Capillary Electrophoresis for Analysis of their Products
R822721C655 Soil Sampling in South Alabama Oil Fields
R822721C659 Subsurface Contamination Site Characterization via a Computer-Aided Visual Tool
R822721C661 New Insoluble supports for Protein Immobilization for Use in Metalloprotein Affinity Metal Chromatography
R822721C663 Soil Remediation with Ultra-High-Efficiency Hydrocyclones
R822721C669 Solid Acid Catalyzed Alkylation in Supercritical Fluids
R822721C679 Regeneration/Reactivation of Carbon Adsorbents by Radio Frequency (RF) Induction Heating
R822721C687 Improved Halogen Resistance of Catalytic Oxidation
R822721C696 Phytoremediation and Bioremediation of Land Contaminated By PAHs, PCBs, and TNT
R822721C697 Fundamental and Kinetic Investigation of Sorbent Technology for Optimum Mercury Emission Control
R822721C700 Effects of Natural and Cyclic Variations on Contaminant Fate and Transport
R822721C703 Enhancement of DNAPL Dissolution Rates by Dechlorinating Anaerobes
R826694C620 Colloidal Fouling of Membranes: Implications in the Treatment of Textile Dye Wastes and Water Reuse
R826694C625 Enhanced Treatment of DNAPLs Contaminated Soils and Groundwater Using Biosurfactants: In-Situ Bioremediation
R826694C626 Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Chlorinated Wastes
R826694C627 The Interaction of Microbial Activity and Zero Valent Iron Permeable Barrier Technology
R826694C629 Biofiltration of BTEX in Petroleum-Contaminated Soil Remediation Off-Gas
R826694C630 Microbial Cometabolism of Recalcitrant Chemicals in Contaminated Air Streams
R826694C633 Catalyst Lifetime Studies for Chlorocarbon Steam Reforming
R826694C635 Electrokinetic/Surfactant-Enhanced Remediation of Hydrophobic Pollutants in Low Permeability Subsurface Environments
R826694C636 Transformation Reactions of Nitroaromatic and Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds on Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Surfaces: Enhancement of GAC Adsorption in Natural and Engineered Environmental Systems
R826694C640 Environmentally Friendly Organic Synthesis in Supercritical Fluids
R826694C645 Development and Evaluation of an Integrated Model to Facilitate Risk-Based Corrective Action at Superfund Sites
R826694C651 Adjustable Biopolymer Chelators for Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury Remeidation
R826694C659 Subsurface Contamination Site characterization Via a Computer-Aided Visual Tool
R826694C661 New Insoluble supports for Protein Immobilization for Use in Metalloprotein Affinity Metal Chromatography
R826694C669 Solid Acid Catalyzed Alkylation in Supercritical Reaction Media
R826694C679 Regeneration and Reactivation of Carbon Adsorbents by Radio Frequency Induction Heating
R826694C696 Phytoremediation and Bioremediation of Land Contaminated By PAHs, PCBs, and TNT
R826694C697 Fundamental and Kinetic Investigation of Sorbent Technology for Optimum Mercury Emission Control
R826694C700 Effects of Natural Cyclic Variations on Contaminated Fate and Transport
R826694C703 Enhancement of DNAPL Dissolution Rates by Dechlorinating Anaerobes
R826694C705 A Pilot Plant for Producing Mixed Ketones from Waste Biomass
R826694C722 The Effects of an Oily-Phase on VOC Emissions from Industrial Wastewater
R826694C724 Mercury Removal from Stack Gas by Aqueous Scrubbing
R826694C725 Transport, Fate and Risk Implications of Environmentally Acceptable Endpoint Decisions
R826694C731 Development and Application of a Real-Time Optical Sensor for Atmospheric Formaldehyde
R826694C734 An Advanced System for Pollution Prevention in Chemical Complexes
R828598C001 Field Study Abstract: A Model of Ambient Air Pollution in Southeast Texas Using Artificial Neural Network Technology
R828598C002 Hollow Fiber Membrane Bioreactors for Treating Water and Air Streams Contaminated with Chlorinated Solvents
R828598C003 Fugitive Emissions of Hazardous Air Pollutants from On-Site Industrial Sewers
R828598C004 Biofiltration Technology Development
R828598C005 A Risk-Based Decision Analysis Approach for Aquifers Contaminated with DNAPLs
R828598C006 In-Situ Remediation for Contaminated Soils Using Prefabricated Vertical Drains
R828598C007 Membrane Technology Selection System for the Metal Finishing Industry
R828598C008 Sequential Environments for Enhanced Bioremediation of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
R828598C009 Waste Minimization in the Magnetic Tape Industry: Waterborne Coating Formulations for Magnetic Tape Manufacture
R828598C010 Soil Remediation by Agglomeration with Petroleum Coke
R828598C011 Recovery of Dilute Phosphoric Acid in Waste Streams Using Waste Gas Ammonia: The Regenerative MAP/DAP Process
R828598C012 Stochastic Risk Assessment for Bioremediation
R828598C013 Selective Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater by Chelation in Supercritical Fluids
R828598C014 Optimization of Treatment Technologies for Detoxification of PCB Contaminated Soils
R828598C015 Wastewater Remediation by Catalytic Wet Oxidation
R828598C016 Permanence of Metals Containment in Solidified and Stabilized Wastes
R828598C017 Combustion Enhancement by Radial Jet Reattachment - Low Generation of Hazardous Gases and High Thermal Efficiency
R828598C018 A Process To Convert Industrial Biosludge and Paper Fines to Mixed Alcohol Fuels
R828598C019 Homogeneous Catalysis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
R828598C020 Ultrasonic Enhancement of the Removal of Heavy Metals
R828598C021 The Binding Chemistry and Leaching Mechanisms of Advanced Solidification/Stabilization Systems for Hazardous Waste Management
R828598C022 Development of an Air-Stripping and UV/H2O2 Oxidation Integrated Process To Treat a Chloro-Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Ground Water
R828598C023 A Comparative Study of Siting Opposition in Two Counties
R828598C024 Sonochemical Treatment of Hazardous Organic Compounds II: Process Optimization and Pathway Studies
R828598C025 Laser Diagnostics of the Combustion Process within a Rotary Kiln Incinerator
R828598C026 Use of Inorganic Ion Exchangers for Hazardous Waste Remediation
R828598C027 Kaolinite Sorbent for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Incinerated Lubricating Oils
R828598C028 Destruction of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Process Streams Using Catalytic Steam Reforming
R828598C029 Integrated Process Treatment Train (Bioremediation {Aerobic/Anaerobic} and Immobilization) for Texas Soils Contaminated with Combined Hazardous Wastes
R828598C030 Photo-Oxidation by H2O2/VisUV of Off-Gas Atmospheric Emissions from Industrial and Environmental Remediation Sources
R828598C031 Concentrated Halide Extraction and Recovery of Lead from Soil
R828598C032 Biodegradable Surfactant for Underground Chlorinated Solvent Remediation
R828598C033 A Software Guidance System for Choosing Analytical Subsurface Fate and Transport Models Including a Library of Computer Solutions for the Analytical Models
R828598C034 Hydrodynamic Modeling of Leachate Recirculating Landfill
R828598C035 Measurement of Oxygen Transfer Rate in Soil Matrices
R828598C036 Sorbent Technology for Multipollutant Control During Fluidized Bed Incineration
R828598C037 Pollution Prevention by Process Modification Using On-Line Optimization
R828598C038 Pollution Prevention by Process Modification
R828598C039 Water Solubility and Henry's Law Constant
R828598C040 Transferring Technical Information on Hazardous Substance Research by Publishing on the World Wide Web
R828598C041 Stress Protein Responses to Multiple Metal Exposure in Grass Shrimp
R828598C042 Life-Cycle Environmental Costing for Managing Pollution Prevention in the Chemical and Petroleum Refining Industries: A Cross-Border Approach
R828598C687 Improved Halogen Resistance of Catalytic Oxidation Through Efficient Catalyst Testing
R828598C696 Phytoremediation and Bioremediation of Land Contaminated By PAHs, PCBs, and TNT
R828598C697 Fundamental and Kinetic Investigation of Sorbent Technology for Optimum Mercury Emission Control
R828598C700 Effects of Natural Cyclic Variations on Contaminated Fate and Transport
R828598C703 Enhancement of DNAPL Dissolution Rates by Dechlorinating Anaerobes
R828598C705 A Pilot Plant for Producing Mixed Ketones from Waste Biomass
R828598C722 The Effects of an Oily-Phase on VOC Emissions from Industrial Wastewater
R828598C724 Mercury Removal from Stack Gas by Aqueous Scrubbing
R828598C725 Transport, Fate and Risk Implications of Environmentally Acceptable Endpoint Decisions
R828598C731 Development and Application of a Real Time Optical Sensor for Atmospheric Formaldehyde
R828598C734 An Advanced System for Pollution Prevention in Chemical Complexes
R828598C743 Field Demonstration of Ultrasound Enhancement of Permeable Treatment Walls
R828598C744 Optical Fibers Coated With Titania Membrane/UV-Generating Crystal in a Distributed-Light Photoreactor for VOC Oxidation
R828598C749 Characterization and Modeling of Indoor Particulate Contaminants In a Heavily Industrialized Community
R828598C753 Adsolubilization and Photocatalysis in a Semiconducting Monolithic Reactor for Wastewater Treatment
R828598C754 Remote Detection of Gas Emissions in Industrial Processes
R828598C759 Searching for Optimum Composition of Phosphogypsum: Fly ash: Cement Composites for Oyster Culch Materials
R828598C761 Development of a Phytologically-Based Biosorptive Water Treatment Process
R828598C766 Chlorinated Solvent Impact and Remediation Strategies for the Dry Cleaning Industry
R828598C769 Soil/Sediment Remediation by Hot Water Extraction Combined with In-Situ Wet Oxidation
R828598C771 Fluoracrylate Polymer Supported Ligands as Catalysts for Environmentally Benign Synthesis in Supercritical Fluids
R828598C774 The Feasibility of Electrophoretic Repair of Impoundment Leaks
R828598C777 Surfactant Enhanced Photo-oxidation of Wastewaters
R828598C778 Stationary Power Generation Via Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Response to Pollution and Global Warming
R828598C786 Photocatalytic Recovery of Sulfur and Hydrogen From Hydrogen Sulfide
R828598C787 Biosurfactant Produced from Used Vegetable Oil for removal of Metals From Wastewaters and Soils
R828598C789 Genetic Engineering of Enzymatic Cyanide Clearance
R828598C791 Characterizing the Intrinsic Remediation of MTBE at Field Sites
R828598C799 Simultaneous Water Conservation/Recycling/Reuse and Waste Reduction in Semiconductor Manufacturing
R828598C801 Building Defined Mixed Cultures To Biodegrade Diverse Mixtures Of Chlorinated Solvents
R828598C802 Engineering of Nanocrystal Based Catalytic Materials for Hydroprocessing of Halogenated Organics
R828598C807 Commercial Demonstration of Hydrogen Peroxide Injection to Control NOx Emissions from Combustion Sources
R828598C809 Evaluating Source Grouting and ORC for Remediating MTBE Sites
R828598C810 Application of Total Cost Assessment To Process Design In the Chemical Industry
R828598C846 Quantitative Demonstration of Source-Zone Bioremediation in A Field-Scale Experimental Controlled Release System
The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA. Conclusions drawn by the principal investigators have not been reviewed by the Agency.
Project Research Results
9 journal articles for this subproject
Main Center: R828598
359 publications for this center
90 journal articles for this center