Grantee Research Project Results
2014 Progress Report: Center for Comprehensive, optimaL, and Effective Abatement of Nutrients
EPA Grant Number: R835570Center: UT Center for Infrastructure Modeling and Management
Center Director: Hodges, Ben R.
Title: Center for Comprehensive, optimaL, and Effective Abatement of Nutrients
Investigators: Arabi, Mazdak , Hunt, William F , Hoag, Dana LK , Bledsoe, Brian P. , Osmond, Deanna , Vrugt, Jasper , Silversrein, JoAnn , Sharvelle, Sybil
Institution: Colorado State University , University of Colorado at Boulder , North Carolina State University , University of California - Irvine
Current Institution: Colorado State University , North Carolina State University , University of California - Irvine , University of Colorado at Boulder
EPA Project Officer: Packard, Benjamin H
Project Period: September 1, 2013 through August 31, 2018
Project Period Covered by this Report: August 1, 2013 through July 31,2014
Project Amount: $2,200,151
RFA: Centers for Water Research on National Priorities Related to a Systems View of Nutrient Management (2012) RFA Text | Recipients Lists
Research Category: Watersheds , Water
Objective:
This report summarizes the progress of five projects within the CLEAN Nutrient Center.
The operational goal of the CLEAN Nutrient Center is to develop and demonstrate sustainable cost-effective nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) management strategies for restoring watershed systems and attaining designated uses. These sustainable solutions will integrate abatement strategies for urban, agricultural, and hydro-geomorphic system components, and optimize policy instruments (incentives and market-based approaches) that facilitate trading among sectors, provide equity along water courses, increase chance of adoption, and minimize costs. The Center’s research will improve the nation’s capacity to protect the environment and public health by developing and testing practical and widely-transferable modeling, data and decision support tools for risk and performance assessment of nutrient controls.
Project 1: Achieving Nutrient Reductions through Innovative Approaches for Wastewater Management and Water Demand Reduction
Project 2: Urban Stormwater Management: Evaluation of Simple Retrofits/Design Enhancements and Development of Simple Assessment Tools
Project 3: Nutrient Reductions in Agricultural Watersheds: Intentional Planning, Implementation, and Maintenance
Project 4: Fluvial Instability and Riparian Degradation: Evaluating and Reducing Nutrient Loading from Channel-Riparian Interfaces
Project 5: Effective Incentives and Viable Trans-Sectoral Trading Strategies
Project 1
The overarching goal of this project is to assess the effects, costs, and likelihood of adoption of various nutrient management strategies relevant to water and wastewater management. Both management approaches, such as water reuse and source separation of urine among others, and wastewater treatment technologies for nutrient removal and recovery will be evaluated. The objectives of this project focus on exploring the efficacy of these approaches for nutrient removal, their cost effectiveness, reliability, and resiliency. Scale of application of wastewater treatment for reuse or discharge will be a key consideration in the analyses. In addition, social and policy barriers for adoption of those approaches determined to be cost effective will be assessed.
Project 2
The overall objective of this project is to compare the nutrient removal performance and life cycle costs of stormwater control measures (SCMs) using existing design criteria and innovative retrofit design enhancements to increase nutrient removal performance at various temporal resolutions. Three retrofits or design enhancements will be tested:
- Upflow filters retrofit at wet pond’s outlets to increase phosphorus sequestration;
- Inclusion of anoxic sumps to improve denitrification within bioretention; and
- Installation of a stormwater harvesting system downstream of permeable pavement to reduce nutrient loads discharged to the storm sewer.
Project 3
The overall goal of this project is to build innovative capacities for intentional, targeted implementation of agricultural conservation practices at the watershed scale in two distinct agroecological areas (humid North Carolina and semi-arid Colorado) that factor in cost and social acceptance. The three main objectives are:
- To understand how effectiveness of agricultural Best Management Practices (BMPs) for N and P control varies with the selected practices, their landscape position, physical characteristics of the farm, proximity to perennial streams, irrigation ditches, and other factors;
- To understand and characterize socioeconomic factors that influence (facilitate or impede) adoption of agricultural BMPs; and
- To develop a simple and practical model based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model for representation of BMPs at field, irrigation district and watershed scales, and then identify simple and transparent approaches for incorporating watershed-scale benefits of conservation.
Project 4
This project is aimed at advancing the inclusion of fluvial erosion processes and their effects on nutrient delivery via channel instability and degraded riparian functions in nutrient assessments and reduction strategies. Specific objectives are:
- To develop a framework and practical tools that will help managers assess the contributions of fluvial instability (bank erosion, incision, and riparian degradation) to excessive N and P loading under varying streamflow conditions relative to other nonpoint sources;
- To estimate the cost-effectiveness of diverse stream and riparian rehabilitation strategies; and
- To evaluate the robustness, chance of adoption, and uncertainty of both conventional and innovative practices for reducing nutrient loading from channel-riparian interfaces in disturbed fluvial systems.
Project 5
The goal of this project is to understand and be able to educate others on how people and policies help or hinder the successful planning, management and implementation of conservation practices, including best management practices and utility policies relating to nutrient controls. The objectives are:
- To identify and quantify effective incentives for adoption of conservation practices and related management actions in utilities and public works agencies, and by other stakeholders;
- To build context-appropriate approaches for nutrient credit trading programs in each pilot watershed for each Center activity.
Progress Summary:
Overview
Substantial progress has been made in all Projects under Theme I. Understanding the physical system (Projects 1-4) and Theme II. Understanding people and policy (Project 5). The Project objectives and progress are outlined in detail in this section. In addition to research progress, the CLEAN Center met with the Science Advisory Committee (SAC) on September 22, 2014. This inaugural meeting was highly productive and generated a number of suggestions highlighted below:
- The Clean Center can play a critical role in identifying best approaches and solutions for nutrient management in the Western United States, in particular, incorporating water rights and institutional arrangements and management under prior-appropriation doctrine.
- Development of tools and decision dashboards for nutrient management is a critical strength of the Center. These tools must be developed in close collaboration with state and local governments and stakeholders, who will use the tools for planning and management purposes.
- An additional important function of the CLEAN Center is the study of riparian functions for nutrient management.
- Private industries should be engaged to find solutions for nutrient recovery and reuse.
- Communication of uncertainties associated with application of modeling tools with varying levels of complexity is essential.
Project 1
Activity 1: Model innovative water and wastewater approaches to estimate impacts to water demand, wastewater quantity and quality and cost for implementation.
Work associated with this reporting period includes developing an approach, formulating the required inputs and detailed development of equations for modifying the Integrated Urban Water Model (IUWM) to predict urban nutrient load concentrations to wastewater treatment plants. These modifications include methods to assess the impacts of various conservation, reuse and source control measures on nutrient load concentrations. This process included testing the equations and running multiple scenarios to develop the logic that will be written into the IUWM. Collaboration meetings with the CU research team were held to coordinate the IUWM expansion with the BioWin modeling that will be performed as part of Activity 2.
Activity 2: Models to better manage nutrients in urban wastewater incorporating performance, reliability, resilience and cost.
During the reporting period, researchers completed the first phase of statistical modeling of permitted Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) performance based on the EPA Integrated Compliance Information System database. The analysis extends earlier research on statistical modeling of treatment plant reliability with regard to removal of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), solids, and particularly ammonia, using the generalized linear model (GLM) method. The modeled dataset consists of 4 years of discharge monthly reports (DMRs) from 209 publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) across the United States. Plant capacity (permit design flow) and capacity utilization (actual monthly average flow/permit design flow) were the independent variables considered. The ratio of actual constituent discharge concentration/permit limit for BOD, total suspended solids (TSS), and ammonia were used as the dependent variable (e.g., relative BOD, relative TSS, and relative ammonia) as a measure of treatment reliability. The data set for ammonia discharge was smaller than that for BOD and TSS because some of the 209 POTWs in the database did not monitor for ammonia. A GLM, assuming a gamma distribution of constituent discharge levels, was created for each of relative BOD, relative TSS, and relative ammonia as a function of the log of plant capacity (A), capacity utilization (C), and the product AC. Diagnostics performed on the GLM residuals found a spatial structure to the residuals, implying secondary factors in determining treatment removal in addition to A, C, and AC. The study enabled the research team to identify a geospatial component to explain variability in WWTP ability to comply with discharge standards for BOD, TSS, and ammonia using Kriging. In order to improve GLM and spatial model skill, a small number of extremely high ammonia discharges were removed from the original dataset. The addition of a seasonal component to the original GLM modeling improved predictability of compliance with discharge limits on these constituents. In addition to statistical modeling, treatment process modeling has begun as part of Activity 2, utilizing the City of Boulder’s Wastewater Treatment Facility as a pilot case study of coupling conservation/source control measures with a BioWin WWTP model to predict point source ammonia discharges with various water use scenarios. The BioWin model of the Boulder WWTP 4 has been configured and is being calibrated to data provided by the utility.
Activity 3: Model integration and demonstration studies.
During this reporting period, a demonstration project was completed for the City of Fort Collins, CO, to compare nutrient loading in the wastewater and stromwater sectors. Costs for nutrient removal technologies were evaluated for each sector. While wastewater treatment technologies are more efficient for nutrient removal in terms of dollars per pound of N or P removed, whole life costs for stormwater nutrient removal technologies are lower. Results from this study will be presented to the City of Fort Collins to support future decision making regarding nutrient management. In addition, ongoing collaboration with the Metro Wastewater Reclamation District (MWRD) in Denver, CO, has been productive along two tracks. A case study is being developed on the cost-benefit of utilizing ammonia stripping for nitrogen removal and the regional marketability of the nitrogen fertilizer byproduct. In conjunction with this effort, a survey is being developed in collaboration with Dr. Dana Hoag (Project 5) to identify the market value of different nutrient products around the MWRD area. This survey will help to provide an offset cost that potential nutrient removal strategies may have if implemented. Work is continuing with the MWRD to evaluate the threat of accumulating field phosphorus levels on the utilities approach to biosolids management and the potential implications it may have on phosphorus limited nutrient application. This work included a stakeholder meeting with members in the CLEAN center and collaboration with the CSU Soil and Crop Science Department on work that is being done in parallel with MWRD. This review was initiated to understand the risk faced by biosolids management so that this can guide collaborative work with MWRD, including the case study on the cost-benefit of utilizing ammonia stripping for nitrogen removal and the regional marketability of the nitrogen fertilizer byproduct
Project 2
Work associated with this reporting period includes retrofitting a bioretention cell in Fort Collins, CO, with upturn-elbow and installing monitoring equipment. Data collection began at this site in May 2014, and has continued through the end of the reporting period. Approximately eight runoff events were monitored during this period. Preliminary monitoring data were shared with the City of Fort Collins stormwater personnel, a CLEAN project partner. Further progress made during this reporting period includes the installation of monitoring equipment at three bioretention cells in Cary, NC, as well as instrumenting a wet detention pond in Durham, NC, for hydrologic and water quality monitoring. Additionally, a new weir was installed at the outlet of the wet detention pond for more accurate data collection. Data collection for these sites in North Carolina began in May 2014, with monitoring continuing for 9-12 months to establish existing/pre-retrofit conditions.
Project 3
During this reporting period, much was accomplished related to Objective 1 for both agroecological research areas of interest: Jordan Lake Watershed, NC, and South Platte River Basin (SPRB), CO.
Jordan Lake Watershed, North Carolina. Three sub-watersheds of interest were defined ranging in area from 473 acres to 803 acres with at least 50 percent of the area being in cultivation. A monitoring station was installed at the outlet of each watershed in a stable stream reach or at a road culvert. Each station consisted of a stream staff gage, an automated sampler with integrated flow meter, a battery, and a shelter. Stage-discharge rating tables have been developed for each station using a combination of manual discharge measurements and automated depth and velocity measurements. The rating tables have been programmed into the samplers to facilitate the collection of flow-proportional samples and the continuous measurements of discharge. The samplers have been visited every 2 weeks since their installation (around August 1, 2014) to retrieve samples and conduct maintenance. Bi-weekly samples are being analyzed for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ammonium as nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrate as nitrogen (NO3-N), total phosphorus (TP), and total suspended solids (TSS). Non-storm or baseflow samples are being collected quarterly and analyzed for dissolved P and E. coli bacteria. A list of landowners for the sub-watersheds of interest has been developed; however, the list needs to be refined for working lands and determination of who is farming each field. In addition to monitoring and sampling, the North Carolina project team organized training for approximately 100 Certified Crop Advisers (CCA) on related Nitrogen rate trials.
South Platte River Basin, Colorado. During this reporting period, the Colorado project team acquired and installed new and existing runoff monitoring equipment at the 15-acre surface irrigated research field near Fort Collins, CO. Performance is being assessed for two types of conservation tillage, manure and fertilizer application rates, and planting BMPs. The project team monitored four irrigation events for runoff quality (TP, TKN, NO3-N, dissolved P, TSS). In addition, they monitored soil moisture for differences between treatments and to schedule irrigation according to soil water deficit and crop water demand. They also sampled wet and dry furrows to 1.5 meters of soil depth and analyzed samples for NO3-N, harvested the study site and recorded grain yield on three different tillage treatments via GPS enabled yield monitor on the combine in conjunction with a weigh wagon, and sampled the three tillage treatments for biomass yield and N uptake. In addition to ongoing monitoring of irrigation and precipitation events, several outreach and professional development opportunities were leveraged through this research. The project team developed the South Platte Ag Nutrient Committee (SPAN), recruiting industry, agency, and producer representatives. The first meeting was held during the second quarter of 2014 in cooperation with Colorado Corn, an advocacy organization for corn growers in Colorado. The second SPAN meeting was held at the Colorado Corn office in Greeley, CO, on November 21, 2014. There were three workshops presented to Natural Resources Conservation Service field staff and producers on utilizing the Environmental Reseource and Management System (eRAMS) for water management.
Project 4
During this reporting period, significant progress was made on the sensitivity analysis of the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM) developed by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. Preliminary results from the sensitivity analysis have been obtained and additional analyses currently underway include applying the probabilistic version of BSTEM to published field data to quantify uncertainty associated with a previous bank erosion study. Additionally, the project team is examining the effect on model output of fixing the least influential variables identified in the sensitivity analysis. Progress also has been made regarding identification of study watersheds in North Carolina and Colorado. Through a field reconnaissance trip to the Falls Lake basin, which included collaboration with a North Carolina State University professor and with representatives of the City of Durham, the team was able to identify two watersheds for the study, Lick Creek and Little Lick Creek. These watershed have mixed land use (primarily urban and forest), are actively progressing through the Channel Evolution Model (ECM), and have existing data which can be used to supplement data collection efforts. To contrast the humid, rainfall-dominated hydroclimatology of North Carolina, the team also has selected a study watershed in semi-arid, snowmelt-dominated Colorado. Big Dry Creek is a tributary to the South Platte River that flows from the suburbs north of Denver to agricultural land to the northeast. This watershed has undergone extensive land use change leading to channel instability. Watershed assessment reports have been published annually, which provide an excellent data source that will supplement data collection by the project team. Dr. Brian Bledsoe met with watershed stakeholders to describe the goals of the CLEAN Nutrient Center and Project 4 in particular.
Project 5
The fourth quarter was the first full quarter for this project. Progress made during this reporting period includes finalizing the research plan, which included defining consistent economics and likelihood of adoption methods across Projects 1-4 as well as identifying additional collaboration across projects. All currently active projects were interviewed to identify special projects and integration opportunities, as described below:
- Special projects were identified in Project 3 (agriculture) for both Colorado and North Carolina. The Project 5 team has met with each Project 3 team again and initiated plans to help.
- A special project was identified in Project 1 (wastewater and conservation). The Project 5 team initiated a follow-up meeting and a plan to move forward.
- Integration opportunities were identified between Project 1 (wastewater and conservation) and Project 3 (agricultural conservation) in Colorado regarding phosphorus application through wastewater biosolids.
- A future opportunity for integration was identified between Project 3 (agricultural conservation) and Project 4 (hydro-geomorphic modification) regarding surface erosion and stream restoration interactions.
- The team detemined that consistency could be improved for all Projects by creating a database of common data and outputs with the end goal of common data compatibility for all Projects.
Future Activities:
Project 1
Ongoing work for Activity 1 includes integrating the nutrient load equations into IUWM. This task will likely continue through 2015. The established equations will be evaluated based on influent water quality and quantity information provided by participating wastewater treatment facilities in the study area. Ongoing work for Activity 2–Statistical Modeling includes investigating the factors associated with the extremely high ammonia discharges in the U.S. dataset as well as acquiring and modeling with more detailed datasets from Colorado Front Range wastewater treatment facilities. Ongoing work for Activity 2–Treatment Process Modeling includes finalizing the calibration of the BioWin model utilizing the observed data provided by the City of Boulder Wastewater Treatment Facility and then incorporating the water conservation (e.g., gray water reuse) and nutrient source control (e.g., urine collection) measures that could be implemented in Boulder via the output from the expanded IUWM developed by CSU. Additionally, work will continue with MWRD to evaluate the impacts of phosphorus accumulation on biosolids management practices and the cost-benefit that modifications to the treatment facilities may have on the biosolids products. This will include feedback from the community through a survey conducted on marketable biosolids products.
Project 2
Ongoing work for Project 2 includes completing data analysis for the monitoring of the bioretention cell in Fort Collins, CO, and submitting a final report of findings to the City. Collaboration with the Colorado Stormwater Council will identify potential stormwater-specific stakeholders within the South Platte River Basin for CLEAN Center product application. Monitoring of the bioretention cells in Cary, NC, and the wet detention pond in Durham, NC, will continue into the next reporting period. In addition, the bioretention cells and wet detention pond will be retrofitted and monitored for another 9-12 months.
Project 3
The North Carolina project team will continue to monitor the sampling locations as well as continue to collect land use data for the areas of interest. The project lead will recruit a graduate student to begin work on the human dimensions of the research. In addition, the project team will organize and provide additional training for Certified Crop Advisers. The Colorado project team will continue the ongoing confined animal feeding operation (CAFO) literature review. In addition, the team anticipates releasing a draft technical bulletin on tillage BMPs for furrow irrigation.
Project 4
Ongoing work includes continuation of the BSTEM sensitivity analysis. Additional activities during 2015 will include preliminary analysis of the target watersheds, including compiling a detailed data inventory of existing data sets as well as developing a field data collection plan to be implemented in summer 2015.
Project 5
Ongoing work for Objective 1 includes continued documentation of the socioeconomic attributes affecting private and public incentives in the study watersheds. Additionally, the project team will begin the first steps of the research project, including data collection for each of the Center’s study watersheds from secondary sources as well as results from other Center research to determine the impact of institutional coordination on conservation effectiveness.
Journal Articles: 38 Displayed | Download in RIS Format
Other center views: | All 137 publications | 38 publications in selected types | All 36 journal articles |
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Hoag DLK, Arabi M, Osmond D, Ribaudo M, Motallebi M, Tasdighi A. Policy utopias for nutrient credit trading programs with nonpoint sources. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 2017;53(3):514-520. |
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Hoag, D. C. Goemans, and T. Orlando, Sustainable policies that align irrigation and water quality, Special Issue:The Future of Water in the West, Western Economic Forum, 16(1):54. |
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Johnson JP, Hunt WF. Evaluating the spatial distribution of pollutants and associated maintenance requirements in an 11 year-old bioretention cell in urban Charlotte, NC. Journal of Environmental Management 2016;184(Pt 2):363-370. |
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Johnson JP, Hunt WF. Evaluating the spatial distribution of pollutants and associated maintenance requirements in an 11 year-old bioretention cell in urban Charlotte, NC. Journal of Environmental Management 2016;184(2):363-370. |
R835570 (2017) |
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Kohler LE, Silverstein J, Rajagopalan B. Modeling on-site wastewater treatment system performance fragility to hydroclimate stressors. Water Science and Technology 2016;74(12):2917-2926. |
R835570 (2016) |
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Kohler LE, Silverstein J, Rajagopalan B. Modeling on-site wastewater treatment system performance fragility to hydroclimate stressors. Water Science & Technology 2016;74(12):2917-2926. |
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Lammers RW, Bledsoe BP, Langendoen EJ. Uncertainty and sensitivity in a bank stability model: implications for estimating phosphorus loading. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2016 [Epub ahead of print], doi:10.1002/esp.4004. |
R835570 (Final) |
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Lammers RW, Bledsoe BP, Langendoen EJ. Uncertainty and sensitivity in a bank stability model: implications for estimating phosphorus loading. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2017;42(4):612-623. |
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Lammers RW, Bledsoe BP. What role does stream restoration play in nutrient management? Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 2017;47(6):335-371. |
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Lammers RW, Bledsoe BP. Parsimonious sediment transport equations based on Bagnold’s stream power approach. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2018;43(1):242–258. |
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McKenna A, Silverstein J, Sharvelle S, Hodgson B. Modeled Response of Wastewater Nutrient Treatment to Indoor Water Conservation. Environmental Engineering Science 2017;35(5) |
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Motallebi M, O’Connell C, Hoag DL, Osmond DL. Role of conservation adoption premiums on participation in water quality trading programs. Water 2016;8(6):245 (13 pp.). |
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Motallebi M, Hoag DL, Tasdighi A, Arabi M, Osmond DL. An economic inquisition of water quality trading programs, with a case study of Jordan Lake, NC. Journal of Environmental Management 2017;193:483-490. |
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Motallebi M, Hoag DL, Tasdighi A, Arabi M, Osmond DL, Boone RB. The impact of relative individual ecosystem demand on stacking ecosystem credit markets. Ecosystem Services 2018;29(Part A):137-144. |
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Mueller Price JS, Baker DW, Bledsoe BP. Effects of passive and structural stream restoration approaches on transient storage and nitrate uptake. River Research and Applications 2016;32(7):1542-1554. |
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O'Connell C, Motallebi M, Osmond DL, Hoag DL. Trading on Risk: the moral logics and economic reasoning of North Carolina farmers in water quality trading markets. Economic Anthropology 2017;4(2):225-238. |
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Records RM, Wohl E, Arabi M. Phosphorus in the river corridor. Earth-Science Reviews 2016;158:65-88. |
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Rosburg TT, Nelson PA, Sholtes JS, Bledsoe BP. The effect of flow data resolution on sediment yield estimation and channel design. Journal of Hydrology 2016;538:429–439,. |
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Rosburg TT, Nelson PA, Bledsoe BP. Effects of urbanization on flow duration and stream flashiness: a case study of Puget Sound streams, western Washington, USA. Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 2017;53(2):493-507. |
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Sharp MD, Hoag DLK, Bailey RT, Romero EC, Gates TK. Institutional constraints on cost‐effective water management: selenium contamination in Colorado's lower Arkansas River Valley. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 2016;52(6):1420-1432. |
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Stroth TR, Bledsoe BP, Nelson PA. Full spectrum analytical channel design with the Capacity/Supply Ratio (CSR). Water 2017;9(4):271. |
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Suchetana B, Rajagopalan B, Silverstein J. Hierarchical modeling approach to evaluate spatial and temporal variability of wastewater treatment compliance with biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and ammonia limits in the United States. Environmental Engineering Science 2016;33(7):514-524. |
R835570 (2014) R835570 (2017) |
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Suchetana B, Rajagopalan B, Silverstein J. Hierarchical modeling approach to evaluate spatial and temporal variability of wastewater treatment compliance with biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and ammonia limits in the United States. Environmental Engineering Science 2016;33(7):514-524. |
R835570 (2016) R835570 (Final) |
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Suchetana B, Rajagopalan B, Silverstein J. Hierarchical modeling approach to evaluate spatial and temporal variability of wastewater treatment compliance with biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and ammonia limits in the United States. Environmental Engineering Science 2016;33(7):514-524. |
R835570 (2014) R835570 (2017) |
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Suchetana B, Rajagopalan B, Silverstein J. Hierarchical modeling approach to evaluate spatial and temporal variability of wastewater treatment compliance with biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and ammonia limits in the United States. Environmental Engineering Science 2016;33(7):514-524. |
R835570 (2016) R835570 (Final) |
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Suchetana B, Rajagopalan B, Silverstein J. Assessment of wastewater treatment facility compliance with decreasing ammonia discharge limits using a regression tree model. Science of the Total Environment 2017;598:249-257. |
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Suchetana B, Rajagopalan B, Silverstein J. Modeling Total Inorganic Nitrogen in Treated Wastewater Using Non-Homogeneous Hidden Markov and Multinomial Logistic Regression Models. Science of the Total Environment 2019;46:625-633. |
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Wei, X., Bailey, R., Records, Wible, T., Arabi, M. Comprehensive simulation of nitrate transport in coupled surface-subsurface hydrologic systems using the linked SWAT-MODFLOW-RT3D model, Environmental Modeling & Software 2018 . |
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Weirich SR, Silverstein J, Rajagopalan B. Resilience of secondary wastewater treatment plants:prior performance is predictive of future process failure and recovery time. Environmental Engineering Science 2015;32(3):222-231. |
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Weirich SR, Silverstein J, Rajagopalan B. Simulation of effluent biological oxygen demand and ammonia for increasingly decentralized networks of wastewater treatment facilities. Environmental Engineering Science 2015;32(3):232-239. |
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Weirich SR, Silverstein J, Rajagopalan B. Simulation of effluent BOD Ammonia for Increasingly Decentralized Networks of Wastewater Treatment Facilities. Environmental Engineering Science 2015;32(3):232-239. |
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Williams RE, Arabi M, Loftis J, Elmund GK. Monitoring design for assessing compliance with numeric nutrient standards for rivers and streams using geospatial variables. Journal of Environmental Quality 2014;43(5):1713-1724. |
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Winston RJ, Hunt WF, Pluer WT. Nutrient and sediment reduction through upflow filtration of stormwater retention pond effluent. Journal of Environmental Engineering 2017;143(5):06017002. |
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Wohl EE, Bledsoe BP, Jacobson RB, Poff NL, Rathburn SL, Walters D, Wilcox AC. The Natural Sediment Regime in Rivers:Broadening the Foundation for Ecosystem Management. Bioscience 2015; 65(4):358–371 |
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Hodgson B, Sharvelle S, Silverstein j, McKenna A. Impact of Water Management Strategies on Wastewater Effluent Nutrient Discharge and Receiving Water Quality. Environmental Engineering Science 2017;35(6). |
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Lammers RW, Bledsoe BP. A Network Scale, Intermediate Complexity Model for Stimulating Channel Evolution Over Years to Decades. Journal of Hydrology 2018;566:886-900. |
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Tasdighi A, Arabi M, Harmel D, Line D. A Bayesian total uncertainty analysis framework for assessment of management practices using watershed models, Environmental Modelling and Software. Environmental Modeling & Software 2018;108:240-252. |
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Tasdighi A, Arabi M, Harmel D. A probabilistic appraisal of rainfall-runoff modeling approaches within SWAT in mixed land use watersheds. Journal of Hydrology 2018;564:476-489. |
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Supplemental Keywords:
feasibility, MCDA, institutional analysis, gray water, ANNOMOX, stormwater management, best management practice, nitrogen, phosphorus, cost-benefit, intentional watershed planning, targeted BMP implementation, pollution, eutrophication, denitrification, channel evolution, credit trading, economics, incentives, nutrient, policy, socioeconomic, water treatment, POTW;Relevant Websites:
- Urban Wastewater and Water Demand Reduction Exit
- Urban Stormwater Exit
- Nutrient Reduction in Agricultural Watersheds Exit
- Fluvial Instability and Riparian Degradation Exit
Progress and Final Reports:
Original AbstractThe perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA. Conclusions drawn by the principal investigators have not been reviewed by the Agency.