| Main Title |
Nitrate removal from water supplies by ion exchange : executive summary / |
| Author |
Clifford, Dennis A. ;
Weber, Jr., Walter J.
|
| Other Authors |
|
| CORP Author |
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor.;Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati, Ohio. |
| Publisher |
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory ; For sale by the National Technical Information Service, |
| Year Published |
1977 |
| Report Number |
EPA/600-8-77-015; EPA 600/8-78-015; EPA-R-803898 |
| Stock Number |
PB-277 092 |
| OCLC Number |
03811302 |
| ISBN |
bpk. |
| Subjects |
Water--Purification--Ion exchange process ;
Nitrates--Environmental aspects
|
| Additional Subjects |
Inorganic nitrates ;
Ion exchange resins ;
Water treatment ;
Water pollution control ;
Potable water ;
Anions ;
Technology ;
Cost analysis ;
Fertilizers ;
Performance evaluation ;
Design criteria ;
|
| Internet Access |
|
| Holdings |
| Library |
Call Number |
Additional Info |
Location |
Last
Modified |
Checkout
Status |
| EHAM |
TD433.C574 |
|
Region 1 Library/Boston,MA |
04/29/2016 |
| EJBD |
EPA 600-8-77-015 |
|
Headquarters Library/Washington,DC |
12/21/2015 |
| ELBD ARCHIVE |
EPA 600-8-77-015 |
Received from HQ |
AWBERC Library/Cincinnati,OH |
10/04/2023 |
| ELBD |
EPA 600-8-77-015 |
|
AWBERC Library/Cincinnati,OH |
09/08/2000 |
| EMBD |
EPA/600/8-77/015 |
|
NRMRL/GWERD Library/Ada,OK |
09/29/1995 |
| ERAD |
EPA 600/8-77-015 |
|
Region 9 Library/San Francisco,CA |
02/19/2013 |
| ESAD |
EPA 600-8-77-015 |
|
Region 10 Library/Seattle,WA |
02/22/2019 |
| NTIS |
PB-277 092 |
Some EPA libraries have a fiche copy filed under the call number shown. |
|
07/26/2022 |
|
| Collation |
ix, 42 pages : illustrations ; 28 cm. |
| Abstract |
Anion exchange using synthetic organic resins is a proven and practical technology for the removal of nitrate from water supplies. However, disposal of the spent regenerant brime solution containing nitrate is a potential problem. Two processes were examined in detail in this report--single-bed strong-base anion exchange with NaCl regeneration and two-bed strong-acid, weak-base ion exchange with HCl and NH4OH regeneration. Both systems must be operated to nitrate breakthrough to minimize regeneration costs. The two-bed process is one and one-half to two times as expensive to build and operate as is the single-bed process, but produces softened low-TDS, low-nitrate water, and has a readily disposable, spent regenerant with fertilizer value. Important design considerations were found to include the nitrate and sulfate concentrations in the raw water, the service flow rate, the resin bed depth, and the nitrate/chloride selectivity of the resin. The sulfate, nitrate, chloride, and bicarbonate selectivities and multicomponent column behavior of the anion resins available from U.S. manufacturers were examined and are reported in detail. An important peripheral finding was that significant quantities of nonvolatile organics were leached from 'clean' resins into the treated water. |
| Notes |
Prepared under grant no. R-803898. "Nov. 1977." "EPA/600-8-77-015." Includes bibliographical references (pages 36-37). |
| Place Published |
Cincinnati, Ohio Springfield, Va. |
| Supplementary Notes |
See also report dated Apr 76, PB-253 791. |
| Access Notes |
Also issued online. |
| Corporate Au Added Ent |
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory. |
| Title Ser Add Ent |
EPA (Series) ; 600/8-77-015. |
| NTIS Title Notes |
Final rept.. |
| PUB Date Free Form |
1977 |
| Series Title Untraced |
EPA ; 600/8-77-015 |
| Category Codes |
13B; 68D |
| NTIS Prices |
PC A04/MF A01 |
| Primary Description |
600/14 |
| BIB Level |
m |
| Medium |
unmediated |
| Content |
text |
| Carrier |
volume |
| Cataloging Source |
OCLC/T |
| Merged OCLC records |
1225697297 |
| Control Number |
323733288 |
| OCLC Time Stamp |
20160419144008 |
| Language |
eng |
| SUDOCS Number |
EP 1.2:N 63/3 |
| Origin |
OCLC |
| Type |
MERGE |
| OCLC Rec Leader |
02179cam 2200457Ii 45020 |
