Abstract |
Campbell Creek and Campbell Lake are located in the Municipality of Anchorage (MOA), the urban center of the Anchorage Bowl in southcentral Alaska. The state of Alaska included Campbell Creek and Campbell Lake in its 2002/2003 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Report (ADEC, 2003) as water quality-limited due to fecal coliform bacteria (FC), identifying urban runoff as the expected pollutant source. Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) are established in this document to meet the requirements of Section 303(d)(1)(C) of the Clean Water Act and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencys (EPA) implementing regulations (40 CFR Part 130), which require the establishment of a TMDL for the achievement of water quality standards when a waterbody is water quality-limited. A TMDL is composed of the sum of individual waste load allocations (WLAs) for point sources and load allocations (LAs) for nonpoint sources and natural background loads. In addition, the TMDL must include a margin of safety (MOS), either implicit or explicit, that accounts for the uncertainty in the relationship between pollutant loads and the quality of the receiving waterbody. A TMDL represents the amount of a pollutant the waterbody can assimilate while maintaining compliance with applicable water quality standards. |