Abstract |
Since its inception in 1995, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Brownfields Initiative and other revitalization efforts have grown into major national programs that have changed the way contaminated property is perceived, addressed, and managed in the United States. In addition, over time, there has been a shift within EPA and state regulatory agencies in the way that hazardous waste site cleanups are managed. Project managers, regulators, technology providers, and other stakeholders are increasingly recognizing the value of implementing a more dynamic approach to site cleanup that is flexible and focuses on real-time decision-making in the field to reduce costs, improve decision certainty, and expedite site closeout. The Triad approach uses (1) systematic project planning, (2) dynamic work strategies (DWS), and (3) real-time measurement technologies to reduce decision uncertainty and increase project efficiency. |