Abstract |
Benzene poisoning usually occurs through inhalation of the vapor, although penetration through the skin can be a contributing factor. The concentration and duration of exposure determines the severity of benzene poisoning. Acute poisoning has a narcotic effect on the central nervous system. Emissions of benzene occur primarily from motor vehicles, benzene production, end product manufacture, solvent usage, and storage and handling losses. Total emissions of benzene are estimated to be 1,149 million pounds per year. Benzene is used primarily as an intermediate in the production of ethylbenzene, phenol and cyclohexane. Benzene emissions can be controlled by adsorption with vapor recovery or incineration. Emissions from storage tanks can be controlled through the use of floating roof tanks or fixed roof tanks vented to an adsorption or incineration unit. Based on the health research studies and the ambient concentration considerations presented in this report, it appears that benzene in air does not pose an imminent threat to the health of the general population, nor does it pose other adverse environmental insults as an air pollutant. However, due to the toxicity of benzene, it is concluded that a small-scale monitoring study may be appropriate. |