Abstract |
Inventory-prediction equations describing snowpack accumulations as functions of readily available or easily obtained measurements of forest density and land form were developed for use in Arizona ponderosa pine. To obtain data for the equations, measurements of the snowpack water equivalent were made with a Federal snow tube and scale at sample points to characterize (1) a winter accumulation-melt period, and (2) the peak accumulation, prior to spring runoff. Measurements of forest density were made at the same sample points and included basal area, sum of diameters, number of trees, bole area, and wood volume. Although empirical, the developed prediction equations included forest density measurements assumed to index the interception of input precipitation, obstruction of direct beam solar radiation, and radiation emission from trees onto the snowpack. Measurements of land form factors were included in the equations to index the quantity of direct beam solar radiation. These inventory-prediction equations should help land managers design forest management systems that will maximize the snowpack water equivalent at peak accumulation within constraints dictated by other management objectives such as timber production. (Author) |