Section 304(m) of the Clean Water Act (CWA) requires EPA to develop and publish a biennial plan that establishes a schedule for the annual review and revision of the national effluent limitations guidelines (effluent guidelines) for industrial wastewater discharges to surface waters of the United States (direct discharges). This plan must also identify directly discharging industries discharging more than trivial amounts of toxic or 'nonconventional' pollutants for which the Agency has not yet promulgated effluent guidelines. Similarly, Section 307(b) of the CWA requires EPA to establish pretreatment standards for pollutants that are not susceptible to treatment by publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) or that would interfere with the operation of POTWs. Section 304(m) also requires EPA to solicit public comment on its biennial effluent guidelines plan prior to issuing a final plan. During the comment period for the Preliminary 2004 Effluent Guidelines Plan (68 FR 75515), EPA received public comment that it should consider wastewater discharges from the tobacco products processing (tobacco products) industry for effluent guidelines rulemaking. Specifically, the commenter questioned the quantity of carcinogens in wastewater discharges associated with cigarette manufacturing. At the time of publication of the Final 2004 Effluent Guidelines Plan, EPA was unable to determine, based on readily available information, the following: (1) whether toxic and nonconventional discharges from the tobacco products industry are trivial or nontrivial, and (2) whether the tobacco products industry discharges pollutants that are not susceptible to treatment by POTWs or that interfere with the operation of POTWs. As a result, EPA initiated a detailed study of the tobacco products industry to address these questions. This report presents information EPA collected about the tobacco products industry during its detailed study as well as analyses of data from sampling episodes EPA conducted at tobacco products facilities.