Perpectives on Chesapeake Bay, 1994 is the fourth in a series of literature syntheses being published by the Chesapeake Bay Program's Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee (STAC). The purpose of the series is to provide managers, scientists, legislators, and others with informative summaries on research findings and other issues that bear on the Chesapeake Bay Program's efforts to restore the nation's largest estuary. This volume consists of four papers. Ranging literally over land, sea, and air, they not only reflect the diversity of scientific inquiry that is shaping the restoration effort but they also reveal the pervasiveness of two common themes. One is that the anthropogenic factor looms large in any scientific inquiry into the workings of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem, with each paper providing a scientific perspective on the direct and indirect effects of human activity on estuarine structure and function.