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Main Title Concurrent Measurement of Intertidal Environmental Variables and Embryo Survival for the California Grunion, 'Leuresthes tenuis', and Atlantic Silverside, 'Menidia menidia' (Pisces: Atherinidae).
Author Middaugh, D. P. ; Kohl, H. W. ; Burnett, L. E. ;
CORP Author Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL. ;San Diego Univ., CA.
Year Published 1983
Report Number EPA-600/J-81-177;
Stock Number PB84-144518
Additional Subjects Stress(Physiology) ; Marine fishes ; Reproduction(Biology) ; Embryos ; Sands ; Protection ; Heat stress ; Drying ; Survival ; Substrates ; Blacks Beach ; California ; Edisto Island ; South Carolina ; Reprints ; Leuresthes tenuis ; California grunion ; Menidia menidia ; Atlantic silverside
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NTIS  PB84-144518 Some EPA libraries have a fiche copy filed under the call number shown. 07/26/2022
Collation 10p
Abstract
Concurrent daily measurements of environmental variables and embryo survival were made for two atherinid fishes, the California grunion, Leuresthes tenuis, observed at Blacks Beach, La Jolla, California; and the Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia, observed at the Point of Pines, Edisto Island, South Carolina. Measurements were made during April 1980. Both species spawned in the upper intertidal zone on high tide. L. tenuis eggs were deposited approximately 4 cm below the beach surface during nightime. Subsequent sand deposition buried embryos to a depth of approximately 8 cm where they were protected from thermal and desiccation stresses. Daily survival of incubating embryos averaged 97%.