Main Title |
Nationwide evaluation of combined sewer overflows and urban stormwater discharges : volume 1, Executive summary / |
Author |
Sullivan, Richard H., ;
Manning, Martin J. ;
Heaney, James P. ;
Huber, Wayne C. ;
Medina, Jr., M. A.
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Other Authors |
|
CORP Author |
American Public Works Association, Chicago, Ill. ;Florida Univ., Gainesville.;Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati, Ohio. |
Publisher |
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, |
Year Published |
1977 |
Report Number |
EPA 600/2-77-064a; EPA-68-03-0283 |
Stock Number |
PB-273 133 |
OCLC Number |
04295519 |
Subjects |
Sewerage--United States ;
Urban runoff--United States ;
Water--Pollution--United States
|
Additional Subjects |
Combined sewers ;
Mathematical models ;
Sewage treatment ;
Water pollution control ;
Assessments ;
Storm sewers ;
Cost analysis ;
Overflows ;
Surface water runoff ;
United States ;
Water quality ;
Demography ;
Biochemical oxygen demand ;
Capitalized costs ;
Storage ;
Economics ;
Urban hydrology
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Internet Access |
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Holdings |
Library |
Call Number |
Additional Info |
Location |
Last Modified |
Checkout Status |
EJBD |
EPA 600-2-77-064a |
|
Headquarters Library/Washington,DC |
09/06/2012 |
ELBD ARCHIVE |
EPA 600-2-77-064a |
Received from HQ |
AWBERC Library/Cincinnati,OH |
10/04/2023 |
ELBD |
EPA 600-2-77-064a |
|
AWBERC Library/Cincinnati,OH |
12/19/1997 |
ERAD |
EPA 600/2-77-064a |
|
Region 9 Library/San Francisco,CA |
09/17/2012 |
ESAD |
EPA 600-2-77-064a |
|
Region 10 Library/Seattle,WA |
07/11/2017 |
NTIS |
PB-273 133 |
Some EPA libraries have a fiche copy filed under the call number shown. |
|
07/26/2022 |
|
Collation |
xi, 95 pages : illustrations, figures, tables ; 28 cm. |
Abstract |
A study was conducted by the American Public Works Association and the University of Florida to determine: the cost of abating pollution from combined sewer overflows and urban stormwater, the impact of such pollutional discharges on receiving waters, and the pollution potential of such discharges. The study was based upon the availability of existing data and prediction models. Continuous simulation runs using one year of hourly data were made to determine the attainable level of pollution control with a specified availability of storage volume and treatment rate in five cities: Atlanta, Denver, Minneapolis, San Francisco, and Washington, D.C. This procedure was used to derive generalized equations relating pollution control to storage and treatment. These results were combined into a simple optimization model which determined the optimal mix of storage and treatment for any feasible level of control for any city. Then the nationwide assessment is presented. The results indicate annual costs ranging from $297 million for 25 percent pollution control to $5,029 million for 85 percent pollution control. The corresponding initial capital investment ranges from $2,476 million for 25 percent control to $41,900 million for 85 percent control. These costs can be reduced significantly if stormwater pollution control is integrated with best management practices and integrated into a multi-purpose program. The balance of the study analyzed existing published and unpublished information to characterize the pollution potential of urban runoff and to estimate the impact of such runoff on receiving waters. It was found that there appears to be direct connections between many parameters such as BOD and suspended solids with the amount of street refuse. However, some parameters appear to be related to more site specific factors. As a practical matter it was found necessary to relate pollution abatement to BOD and suspended solids, even though there are many other pollutants in
large concentrations such as heavy metals and phosphorus. (Portions of this document are not fully legible)
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Notes |
"September 1977." "Submitted by the American Public Works Association under contract no. 68-03-0283." "Authors from the University of Florida include James P. Heaney, Wayne C. Huber, M.A. Medina, Jr., M. P. Murphy, S. J. Nix, S. M. Hasan." Includes bibliographical references (page 94). |