Grantee Research Project Results
Publications for Center:
Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education (CUERE)
Grant Number SU839264
| Other center views: | All publications | Selected publication types | Journal Articles | Redisplay this page with Reference Title, Journal, and Author Columns |
Display this page in RIS format |
|---|
| Reference Type | Citation | Progress Report Year | Document Sources |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract | Miller AJ, Smith JA, Bergbreiter AM, McGuire M, Lesh E. Application of LIDAR for measurement of channel characteristics in urban flood studies. Eos Transactions 2002;83(47):H21C-0841. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Book Chapter | Lloyd BA, Norris DF, Vicino TJ. The mayor in American local government. In: Garrard J, ed. Heads of the Local State: Mayors, Provosts and Burgomasters since 1800. Historical Urban Studies Series. London, UK: Ashgate, 2007, Chapter 10, pp. 191-206. |
R828182 (Final) |
|
| Book Chapter | Pouyat RV, Russell-Anelli J, Yesilonis ID, Groffman PM. Soil carbon in urban forest ecosystems. In: Kimble JM, Heath LS, Birdsey RA, Lal R, eds. The Potential of U.S. Forest Soils to Sequester Carbon and Mitigate the Greenhouse Effect. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2003, Chapter 21, pp. 347-362. |
R828182 (2002) R828182 (Final) |
|
| Book Chapter | Vicino TJ. Columbia, Maryland. In: Goldfield D, ed. Encyclopedia of American Urban History. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2007, pp. 168-170. |
R828182 (Final) |
|
| Journal Article | Chen Z, Gangopadhyay A, Karabatis G, McGuire M, Welty C. Semantic integration and knowledge discovery for environmental research. Journal of Database Management 2007;18(1):43-68. |
R828182 (Final) |
|
| Journal Article | Emerson CH, Welty C, Traver RG. Watershed-scale evaluation of a system of storm water detention basins. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 2005;10(3):237-242. |
R828182 (Final) |
|
| Journal Article | Galster G, Hanson R, Ratcliffe MR, Wolman H, Coleman S, Freihage J. Wrestling sprawl to the ground: defining and measuring an elusive concept. Housing Policy Debate 2001;12(4):681-717. |
R828182 (Final) |
|
| Journal Article | Groffman PM, Bain DJ, Band LE, Belt KT, Brush GS, Grove JM, Pouyat RV, Yesilonis IC, Zipperer WC. Down by the riverside: urban riparian ecology. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2003;1(6):315-321. |
R828182 (Final) |
|
| Journal Article | Hanlon B, Vicino T, Short JR. The new metropolitan reality in the US: rethinking the traditional model. Urban Studies 2006;43(12):2129-2143. |
R828182 (Final) |
|
| Journal Article | Pouyat RV, Yesilonis ID, Russell-Anelli J, Neerchal NK. Soil chemical and physical properties that differentiate urban land-use and cover types. Soil Science Society of America Journal 2007;71(3):1010-1019. |
R828182 (Final) |
|
| Journal Article | Pouyat R, Groffman P, Yesilonis I, Hernandez L. Soil carbon pools and fluxes in urban ecosystems. Environmental Pollution 2002;116(Suppl 1):S107-S118. |
R828182 (Final) |
|
| Journal Article | Reichert AK, Liang H-Y. An economic analysis of real estate conservation subdivision developments. The Appraisal Journal 2007;LXXV(3):236-245. |
X3832305 (Final) |
|
| Journal Article | Schwartz SS. Automated algorithms for heuristic base-flow separation. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 2007;43(6):1583-1594. |
X3832305 (Final) |
|
| Journal Article | Schwartz SS. Effective curve number and hydrologic design of pervious concrete storm-water systems. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 2010;15(6):465-474. |
X3832305 (Final) |
|
| Journal Article | Schwartz SS. Optimization and decision heuristics for Chesapeake Bay nutrient reduction strategies. Environmental Modeling and Assessment 2010;15(5):345-359. |
X3832305 (Final) |
|
| Journal Article | Szlavecz K, Placella SA, Pouyat RV, Groffman PM, Csuzdi C, Yesilonis I. Invasive earthworm species and nitrogen cycling in remnant forest patches. Applied Soil Ecology 2006;32(1):54-62. |
R828182 (Final) |
|
| Journal Article | Chen H, Shashvatt U, Amurrio F, Stewart K, Blaney Lee. Sustainable nutrient recovery from synthetic urine by Donnan dialysis with tubular ion-exchange membranes. Chemical Engineering Journal 2023;460(141625). |
SU839264 (Final) |
|
| Presentation | Belt K, Stubbs J, Olszewski L. The effect of urban land use on stream temperature regimes in the Gwynns Falls and Jennifer Branch (Cub Hill) watersheds. Presented at the Baltimore Ecosystem Study Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD, October 16-17, 2003. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Belt K, Heisler G, Stubbs J, Olszewski L. The effect of urban land use on stream temperature regimes in the Gwynns Falls and Jennifer Branch (Cub Hill) watersheds. Presented at the Mid Atlantic Chapter of the Ecological Society of America Meeting, Lancaster, PA, March 27, 2004. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Cutsinger J, Galster G, Wolman H, Hanson R, Towns D. Verifying sprawl’s distinct dimensions. Presented at the 2004 Meeting of the Urban Affairs Association, Washington, DC, April 2, 2004. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Delatte N, Schwartz SS. Sustainability benefits of pervious concrete. Presented at the Second International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies, Ancona, Italy, June 28-30, 2010. |
X3832305 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Emerson CH, Traver RG, Welty C. Changing from peak flow to volume requirements: a watershed-wide perspective. Presented at the Meeting of the Urban Stormwater Partnership, Villanova, PA, October 16-17, 2003. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Emerson C, Welty C, Traver R. Evaluation of the effectiveness of a system of stormwater detention basins at the watershed scale. Presented at the 2004 Schuylkill Watershed Congress, Penn State Great Valley, Malvern, PA, March 6-7, 2004. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Fraley L, Miller AJ, Welty C. Determination of sediment erosion and deposition rates for valley creek in Valley Forge National Historical Park. Presented at the 2004 Schuylkill Watershed Congress, Penn State Great Valley, Malvern, PA, March 6-7, 2004. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Fraley L, Miller AJ, Welty C. Assessment of sediment storage and impacts on an urbanizing stream. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the University System of Maryland MEES Conference, Horn Point, MD, September 15, 2004. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Hanlon B, Vicino T. The new metropolitan reality: rethinking the traditional model. Presented at the 26th Annual Graduate Research Conference, University of Maryland Graduate School, April 23, 2004. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Hanlon B, Vicino T, Sharkey S. P3-a student design competition for sustainability. Poster presented at the Maryland Association of Counties Meeting, Ocean City, MD, August 19-20, 2004. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Hanlon, B., Sharkey, S. & Vicino, T.J. (2004). “The P3 Concept: A Study of Impervious Surface Coverage in Maryland.” Poster presentation at Maryland State of Our Watersheds Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD, November 20, 2004. |
SU831880 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Hanlon, B., Sharkey, S. & Vicino, T.J. (2004). “The P3 Concept: A Study of Impervious Surface Coverage in Maryland.” Poster presentation at Baltimore Ecosystem Study (LTER) Annual Science Meeting, Baltimore, MD, October 21, 2004. |
SU831880 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Hanson R, Rynes AG. State of the Baltimore region. Presented to the Baltimore City Planning Commission, Baltimore, MD, December 2003. |
R828182 (2003) |
not available |
| Presentation | Hanson R. State of the Baltimore region and the changing suburbs. Presented to the Baltimore County Planning Commission, Baltimore, MD, February 2003. |
R828182 (2003) |
not available |
| Presentation | Heisler GM, Grant R, Groffman PM, Hom J, Nowak DJ, Pouyat RV, Schmidt M, Stubbs J, Vasconcelos J, Yesilonis I. Below-canopy microclimate during tropical storm Isabel in Baltimore, MD. Poster presented at the Fifth Symposium on the Urban Environment, Vancouver, BC, Canada, August 23-27, 2004. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Higgins JA, Shelton DR, Russell-Anelli J, Karns JS, Belt KT. Surveying BES stream sites for the presence of enteric pathogens. Presented at the Baltimore Ecosystem Study Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD, October 16-17, 2003. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Hungerford L, McGuire M, Poppell C, Cuenco KT, Tighe J, Megginson M, Ryan P. Use of a geographic information system to examine spatial patterns in Maryland FoodNet data. Poster presented at the Annual Meeting of the American College of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, September 11-14, 2004. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | McGinty A, Welty C. Geostatistical analysis of geologic and anthropogenic controls on spring water quality in valley creek watershed. Presented at the 2004 Schuylkill Watershed Congress, Penn State Great Valley, Malvern, PA, March 6-7, 2004. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | McGuire MP. Seeing the big picture with remote sensing and satellites. Panel discussion on Community Energy and Environment 2001. Presented at the Second National Conference on Science, Policy and the Environment, Washington, DC, December 2001. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | McGuire MP. LiDAR: so many possibilities. Poster presented at the Baltimore Ecosystem Study Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD, October 2002. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | McGuire MP. Using LIDAR and DTM data to analyze human induced topographic change in Owings Mills, MD. Presented at the Baltimore Ecosystem Study Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD, October 16-17, 2003. |
R828182 (2003) R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | McGuire M. LIDAR data analysis and flood response in urban drainage basins: research of the Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education. Presented at the National Water Quality Monitoring Council Meeting, Baltimore, MD, August 18-22, 2003. |
R828182 (2003) |
not available |
| Presentation | McGuire M. LIDAR: so many possibilities. Poster presented at the 52nd Annual Maryland Association of Counties Conference, Ocean City, MD, August 13-16, 2003. |
R828182 (2003) |
not available |
| Presentation | Miller AJ, Smith JA, Bergbreiter AM, McGuire M, Lesh E. Application of LIDAR for measurement of channel characteristics in urban flood studies. Presented at the Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union, December 2002. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Miller AJ, Welty C, et al. Potomac River Basin and watersheds in Chesapeake Bay Drainage. Presented at the NSF CUAHSI Workshop, Logan, UT, August 24-25, 2004. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Miller AJ, Smith J, Welty C, et al. Proposal for the Potomac and Western Shore Chesapeake Drainage as a CUAHSI hydrologic observatory. Presented at the Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, CA, December 13-18, 2004. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Miller AJ, Smith J, Welty C, et al. Proposal for the Potomac and Western Shore Chesapeake Drainage as a CUAHSI hydrologic observatory. Presented at the Annual Science Meeting of the Baltimore Ecosystem Study, Baltimore, MD, October 21-22, 2004. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Miller A. Bacteria and pesticides of urban watersheds in Baltimore, Maryland. Poster presented at the Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES) All Science Annual Meeting. |
R828182 (2002) |
not available |
| Presentation | Miller A. Baltimore soil initiatives. Presented to the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Natural Resources Conservation Service. |
R828182 (2002) |
not available |
| Presentation | Miller A. Mid-Atlantic federal partners for the environment-CUERE current projects. Poster presented at the Urban Sprawl Conference. |
R828182 (2002) |
not available |
| Presentation | Miller A. Soil contamination and site assessment. Poster presented at the Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Annual Meeting. |
R828182 (2002) |
not available |
| Presentation | Miller A. Soil contamination and site assessment. Poster presented at the Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES) All Science Meeting. |
R828182 (2002) |
not available |
| Presentation | Miller A. The spatial distribution of lead in an urban garden. Poster presented at the Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES) All Science Annual Meeting. |
R828182 (2002) |
not available |
| Presentation | Miller A. Urban development and landscapes: soil composition near roads in Baltimore City. Poster presented at the Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES) Annual Meeting. |
R828182 (2002) |
not available |
| Presentation | Miller A. Urban hydrology at the Baltimore ecosystems study. Poster presented at the Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES) All Science Meeting. |
R828182 (2002) |
not available |
| Presentation | Myers S, Yesilonis I, Russell-Anelli J, Pouyat R. Preliminary results of residential lawn care survey near the Cub Hill Flux Tower. Poster presented at the Baltimore Ecosystem Study Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD, October 16-17, 2003. |
R828182 (2003) R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Parlange M, Piasecki M, Welty C. Cyberinfrastructure needs at an environmental field facility. Presented at the 3rd NSF Engineering Directorate Workshop on Cyberinfrastructure, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, April 22-23, 2004. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Pouyat RV, Yesilonis I, Russell-Anelli J. Characteristics of soils in urban landscapes: New York and Baltimore, USA as case studies. Poster presented at the IALE Congress, Darwin, Australia, July 19-22, 2003. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Pouyat RV, Yesilonis I, Russell-Anelli J. Characteristics of soils in urban landscapes: New York and Baltimore, USA as case studies. Poster presented at the 6th International Association for Landscape Ecology World Congress, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, July 13-17, 2003. |
R828182 (2003) |
not available |
| Presentation | Pouyat RV, Yesilonis I, Russell-Anelli J. Distribution of heavy metals in urban landscapes. Poster presented at the U.S. Geological Survey/National Resources Conservation Service Soil Geochemistry Workshop, Denver, CO, March 4-6, 2003. |
R828182 (2003) R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Pouyat RV, Belt K, Cohen S, Yesilonis I, Russell-Anelli J, Ghosh U, Stack B, Fisher G, Band L, Groffman P, Rogers F. An update on hydrology and soil research of the middle branch urban storm sewer watershed (#263). Presented at the 2003 Annual Science Meeting of the Baltimore Ecosystem Study, Baltimore, MD, October 2003. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Russell-Anelli J, Bryant RB. Risk-based site assessment for soil contamination. Presented at the Society for Risk Analysis 2001 Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA, December 2-5, 2001. |
R828182 (2002) |
not available |
| Presentation | Russell-Anelli J, Yesilonis I, Pouyat R. Urban context of abbreviated and physically disturbed soil profiles and characteristics in the Baltimore Metropolitan Region. Poster presented at the ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, IN, November 10-14, 2002. |
R828182 (2003) R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Rynes AG. Green and blue space in Baltimore. Poster presented at the 52nd Annual Maryland Association of Counties Conference, Ocean City, MD, August 13-16, 2003. |
R828182 (2003) |
not available |
| Presentation | Rynes AG. Creating an urban ecosystem of green and blue space. Presented to the Baltimore Community Foundation, Baltimore, MD, May 2003. |
R828182 (2003) |
not available |
| Presentation | Schwartz SS. Pervious concrete construction workshop and demonstration. Presented at Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, August 2005. |
X3832305 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Schwartz SS. Pervious concrete demonstration and NRMCA certification. Presented at Cleveland State University, ORMCA, Cleveland, OH, July 2007. |
X3832305 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Schwartz SS. Storm water runoff – regulations, calculations & implementation:pervious concrete demonstration and national certification. Presented during podcast sponsored by Maryland Ready Mix Concrete Association (MRMCA), Chaney Concrete, Inc., Chaney Enterprises, Waldorf, MD, December 9, 2008. |
X3832305 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Schwartz SS. Pervious concrete and environmental site design. Presented at the Joint Meeting of the Baltimore Chapters of the American Concrete Institute, American Society of Civil Engineers, and MD Society of Professional Engineers, Baltimore, MD, September 2008. |
X3832305 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Schwartz SS. Pervious concrete – the total system. Presented at Concrete 2008, Timonium, MD, 2008. |
X3832305 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Schwartz SS. Soil compaction: designing sustainable landscapes. Presented at Turning a New Leaf, Biannual Conference of the Chesapeake Conservation Landscaping Council, Washington, DC, December 4, 2009. |
X3832305 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Schwartz SS. Understanding pervious concrete. Presented at the 16th Environmental Conference of the Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the International Erosion Control Association, Timonium, MD, September 22-24, 2009. |
X3832305 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Schwartz SS. Managing stable water supplies in the face of uncertainty. Presented at the 94th Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, Albuquerque, NM, August 2-7, 2009. |
X3832305 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Steffy LY, McGinty AL, Welty C, Kilham SS. Correlation of spatially-variable fish species diversity with groundwater inflows in an urbanized stream system. Presented at the Ecological Society of America MidAtlantic Conference, Lancaster, PA, March 27, 2004. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Welty C. Observations of the effects of urbanization on hydrologic and geomorphic processes in Valley Creek Watershed. Presented at the Valley Creek Partnership, Summit I, April 20, 2004. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Welty C, Kilham SS, Packman AI, Brulle RJ. Watershed-scale research: overview of the valley creek project. Presented at the 2004 Schuylkill Watershed Congress, Penn State Great Valley, Malvern, PA, March 6-7, 2004. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Welty C, McGuire M, Piasecki M. The Baltimore Ecosystem Study as a prototype environmental field facility for an engineering analysis network. Presented at the Baltimore Ecosystem Study Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD, October 2004. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Yesilonis I. Soil and land use research of the Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education. Presented at the National Water Quality Monitoring Council Meeting, Baltimore, MD, August 18-22, 2003. |
R828182 (2003) |
not available |
| Presentation | Yesilonis I. Soil and land use research of the Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education. Presented at the National Water Quality Monitoring Council meeting, Baltimore, MD, August 19-20, 2003. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Yesilonis I, Russell-Anelli J, Pouyat RV. The heterogeneity of soil characteristics in a residential neighborhood:Cub Hill a case study. Presented at the 2003 Annual Science Meeting of the Baltimore Ecosystem Study, Baltimore, MD, October 2003. |
R828182 (2003) R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Yesilonis I, Pouyat RV. Baltimore Regional Brownfields vacant properties and communities: soil contamination. Poster presented to the Maryland Association of Counties, Ocean City, MD, August 19-20, 2004. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Yesilonis I, Russell-Anelli J, Pouyat RV. The heterogeneity of soil characteristics in a residential neighborhood: Cub Hill a case study. Presented at the Mid Atlantic Chapter of the Ecological Society of America Meeting, Lancaster, PA, March 27, 2004. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Presentation | Portner C, Shashvatt U, Lopresti S, Benoit K, Blaney L. Sustainable nutrient recovery from urine. Presented at the USA Science & Engineering Festival, Washington DC, April 7-9, 2018. |
SU839264 (Final) |
not available |
| Proceedings | McGuire MP. Using DTM and LIDAR data to analyze human induced topographic change. In: Proceedings of the ASPRS 2004 Fall Conference, Kansas City, MO, September 12-16, 2004. |
R828182 (Final) |
not available |
| Report | Coleman JS, Hanlon B, Vicino T. Children’s Environmental Health Infrastructure Study. Center for Urban Environment Research and Education. Final Report submitted to the Maryland Department of Health & Mental Hygiene. |
R828182 (Final) |
|
| Report | Coleman S, Hanlon B, Hanson R, Kolendo A, McGuire M, Rynes A, Rus T, Russell-Anelli J, Unger J, Kirchner J. The State of the Baltimore Region: A Baseline Report for a New Century. Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education, Maryland Institute for Policy Analysis Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, CUERE Report #1, October 2002. |
R828182 (2003) R828182 (Final) |
|
| Report | Hanlon B, McGuire M, Rynes A, Sharkey S, Vicino T, Zhang F. Creating an Urban Ecosystem of Green and Blue Spaces in Baltimore. Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, May 2003. |
R828182 (Final) |
|
| Report | Hanlon B, Vicino TJ. The state of the inner suburbs: an examination of Suburban Baltimore, 1980 to 2000.Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, CUERE Report #2, April 2005. |
R828182 (Final) |
|
| Report | Mikelbank BA. Hedonic analysis of riparian/wetland setbacks. Cleveland, OH: Chagrin River Watershed Partners, The Ohio Urban University Program, September 2006. |
X3832305 (Final) |
|
| Report | Mikelbank BA. Can new urbanist design be economically sustainable? The case of Mill Creek in Cleveland, Ohio. Cleveland, OH: Center for Housing Research and Policy, Cleveland State University, 2008. |
X3832305 (Final) |
|
| Report | Hanlon B, Rynes A, Vicino TJ, Sharkey S. Creating an urban ecosystem of green and blue spaces in Baltimore. Baltimore, MD: Center for Urban Environment Research and Education, April 2003. |
R828182 (2003) |
not available |
| Report | Schwartz SS. Riparian setbacks: technical information for decision makers. Willoughby, OH: Chagrin River Watershed Partners. January 2006. |
X3832305 (Final) |
|
| Report | Schwartz SS. Why riparian setbacks? Willoughby, OH: Chagrin River Watershed Partners, January 2006. |
X3832305 (Final) |
|
| Report | Schwartz SS. Specifier's guide for pervious concrete pavement with detention. Columbus, OH: Ohio Ready Mix Concrete Association, January 2007. |
X3832305 (Final) |
not available |
| Report | US EPA, Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment. High Radium Levels in Anne Arundel County Drinking Water Corrected: Partnerships and Collaboration Made the Difference. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 3, EPA/903/F-04/00 (Vicino TJ was the principal author of this report), Philadelphia, PA, 2004. |
R828182 (Final) |
|
| Video | Schwartz SS. Pervious concrete workshop and demonstration. Video presented at University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, August 2008. |
X3832305 (Final) |
not available |
The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA. Conclusions drawn by the principal investigators have not been reviewed by the Agency.