Grantee Research Project Results
2012 Progress Report: Simulated Roadway Exposure Atmospheres for Laboratory Animal and Human Studies
EPA Grant Number: R834796C002Subproject: this is subproject number 002 , established and managed by the Center Director under grant R834796
(EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
Center: University of Washington Center for Clean Air Research
Center Director: Vedal, Sverre
Title: Simulated Roadway Exposure Atmospheres for Laboratory Animal and Human Studies
Investigators: McDonald, Jacob D. , Lund, Amie K.
Current Investigators: McDonald, Jacob D.
Institution: Lovelace Biomedical & Environmental Research Institute
EPA Project Officer: Callan, Richard
Project Period: December 1, 2010 through November 30, 2015 (Extended to November 30, 2017)
Project Period Covered by this Report: December 1, 2011 through November 30,2012
RFA: Clean Air Research Centers (2009) RFA Text | Recipients Lists
Research Category: Human Health , Air
Objective:
Hypothesis: Traffic-related emissions are associated with the incidence and progression of acute and chronic cardiovascular sequelae in human population studies; however, the causal components, subsequent chemical transformation of these components, and their associated toxicity on the cardiovascular system have not yet been determined. Project #2 is in progress to develop atmospheres with the primary objective of simulating environments containing key components of roadway emissions and the products of environmental factors that transform them. Previous, current, and future exposures are designed to determine air contaminants (or components) that cause or potentiate the toxicity of roadway emissions or confound interpretations based on roadway proximity alone.
Progress Summary:
Atmosphere development and characterization activities included the development of test atmospheres that further characterized the gas:particle partitioning and atmospheric processing. The motivation for this work was driven by guidance from the Scientific Advisory Committee, which wanted us to further investigate previous findings of enhanced vascular response after exposure to the mixture of gasoline and diesel exhaust. The hypothesis is that the combination of particle enriched and highly sorptive diesel exhaust with the vapor hydrocarbons and inorganics enhanced the toxicity, perhaps through increase in the delivered dose of materials to the deep lung. Several atmospheres and atmospheric characterization experiments were conducted to better elucidate these findings. In addition, atmospheric development was conducted on combinations of several of the important urban gas mixtures. Finally, atmosphere development was conducted to characterize and identify proper conditions for studies of the atmospheric transformation of motor vehicle emissions on toxicity.
Morning run | Afternoon Run | Engine Load | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Experimental Target | PM ug/m3 | PM ug/m3 | PM ug/m3 | PM ug/m3 | PM ug/m3 | PM ug/m3 | DE Ooad | Gas Load | |
set-up | Chamber #4 | Chamber #5 | Chamber #6 | Chamber #4 | Chamber #5 | Chamber #6 | |||
Gas or diesel only dilution (Hi, Lo) | 180/UW, PTR | 57/UW | 43/UW, PTR | TYP | TYP | ||||
Gas, 10%, Diesel 90% | 292 /UW PTR | 130 /PTR | 334-12g UW PTR | TYP | TYP | ||||
Gas 90%, Diesel 10% | 30/AIII | 50-23g/ALL | 1-3gAII | 19/UW | 8/ALL | TYP | TYP | ||
Gas & Diesel 50:50 mix. Dilution (Hi, Lo) | 20/AII | 16-16g/AII | 222-22g/All | 15/UW | 34/All | TYP | TYP | ||
Gas or Diesel Load + Kilution (Hi, Lo) | 42/UW, PTR | 288/All | 504-34g/All | 17/UW | 16-45g/All | High | Low | ||
Gas or Diesel Load + Dilution (Hi, Lo) | 26/UW | 72/All | 114-4g/All | 374/UW | 304-33g/All | Low | High | ||
Gas & Diesel 50:50 mix Dilution (Hi, Lo) | 27/UW | 52-34g/All | 194-42g/All | 11/All | 372-35g/All | 265/UW | High | High | |
Gas 90% Diesel 10% | 9/UW | 40-45g/All | 8-9gA'' | 45 | 360-5g/All | 200/UW | High | High | |
Cycle runs (Animal Expo Study Settings) | Cycle Gas/All | DE & Gas Animal Mix | Typ | Var | |||||
COLOR KEY | DIESEL | GAS | MIXTURE | Sampled by UW, WSU (PTR, AMS) ALL |
Figure 3 - Particle size distribution for mixed engine exhaust (MEE) atmosphere.
Figure 4 - Particle size distribution for mixed engine exhaust atmosphere with denuder.
Future Activities:
The longer duration studies under way are investigating the gas:particle partitioning and impact of NOx on vascular toxicity. The next round of studies will include the atmospheric reaction chamber and urban background studies.
Journal Articles:
No journal articles submitted with this report: View all 14 publications for this subprojectSupplemental Keywords:
inhalation toxicology, diesel, gasoline engine, Scientific Discipline, Health, Air, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, Air Quality, air toxics, Health Risk Assessment, Risk Assessments, mobile sources, Environmental Monitoring, Biochemistry, Risk Assessment, ambient air quality, atmospheric particulate matter, particulate matter, aerosol particles, air pollutants, motor vehicle emissions, vehicle emissions, air quality models, motor vehicle exhaust, airway disease, bioavailability, air pollution, particle exposure, atmospheric aerosols, ambient particle health effects, vascular dysfunction, cardiotoxicity, atmospheric chemistry, exposure assessmentProgress and Final Reports:
Original AbstractMain Center Abstract and Reports:
R834796 University of Washington Center for Clean Air Research Subprojects under this Center: (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
R834796C001 Exposure Mapping – Characterization of Gases and Particles for ExposureAssessment in Health Effects and Laboratory Studies
R834796C002 Simulated Roadway Exposure Atmospheres for Laboratory Animal and Human Studies
R834796C003 Cardiovascular Consequences of Immune Modification by Traffic-Related Emissions
R834796C004 Vascular Response to Traffic-Derived Inhalation in Humans
R834796C005 Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Derived Particles and Gases on Subclinical Measures of Cardiovascular Disease in a Multi-Ethnic Cohort
The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA. Conclusions drawn by the principal investigators have not been reviewed by the Agency.
Project Research Results
- Final Report
- 2016 Progress Report
- 2015 Progress Report
- 2014
- 2013 Progress Report
- 2011 Progress Report
- Original Abstract
5 journal articles for this subproject
Main Center: R834796
196 publications for this center
92 journal articles for this center