Grantee Research Project Results
2001 Progress Report: Observation-Based Approaches to VOC Emissions Inventory Reconciliation And Control Strategies for Photochemical Smog
EPA Grant Number: R826238Title: Observation-Based Approaches to VOC Emissions Inventory Reconciliation And Control Strategies for Photochemical Smog
Investigators: Henry, Ronald C. , Chang, Yu-Shuo
Institution: University of Southern California
EPA Project Officer: Hahn, Intaek
Project Period: February 1, 1998 through January 31, 2001 (Extended to August 31, 2003)
Project Period Covered by this Report: February 1, 2000 through January 31, 2001
Project Amount: $441,574
RFA: Ambient Air Quality (1997) RFA Text | Recipients Lists
Research Category: Air , Air Quality and Air Toxics
Objective:
The objective of this project is to investigate the determination of sources of gaseous and particulate air pollution from pollutant monitoring data, and the relationship of these to existing emission inventories. For example, anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are precursors of ozone in urban atmospheres. Self-reported emission inventories of VOCs are often inaccurate, out-of-date, or both. This project seeks new methods to reconcile emission inventories of VOCs, with the results of multivariate receptor modeling applied to ambient measurements from the photochemical assessment monitoring stations (PAMS) network. However, the methods developed during this project also will be applicable to sources of particulate matter.Progress Summary:
During the last few years, airborne fine particles have been a prime health and regulatory concern. This project has applied innovative multivariate methods to fine particle data from Los Angeles, Seattle, Phoenix, and Baltimore-Washington urban areas. The Los Angeles results showed a surprisingly low contribution of secondary particulate matter to average fine particle concentrations (as first proposed by the late Glenn Cass). Thus, even in photochemically active Los Angeles, control of primary fine particles should be a priority. The Phoenix results showed, for the first time, that diesel particulate may be determined separately from other vehicle emissions; an important result because diesel particulate is listed as a carcinogen and toxic air pollutant. The Baltimore-Washington results showed that multivariate methods can be used to separate the effects of local and regional sources; a matter of importance to the debate of local versus regional air control regulations. In association with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) funded National Center for Environmental Statistics at the University of Washington, the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, a completely new approach to multivariate receptor modeling, was applied to particulate concentration data at several sites in the Seattle area. As for VOC data, the first significant application of nonparametric regression to air quality data analysis was made. Nonparametric regression was used to determine the location of local sources of VOC?s in Houston with unprecedented accuracy, about 10 times that possible using traditional wind direction analysis. The emission inventory for the air toxic cyclohexane was in agreement with the observed concentrations. However, as yet unpublished work shows that the inventories for benzene, toluene, and other air toxics were not in agreement with the PAMS monitoring data. Finally, collaboration with researchers to examine air quality data in Hong Kong has recently begun.Future Activities:
A major objective for the next year will be the application of the results and methods used in this paper to exposure estimates for human heath studies. Additional VOC monitoring data and emission inventories for the Houston area have just become available. These will be analyzed by the Unmix multivariate and nonparametric regression methods. Analysis of particulate data from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network is likely. Collaborative work will continue with EPA researchers and researchers from the Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission, and a new collaboration with researchers in Hong Kong.Journal Articles on this Report : 11 Displayed | Download in RIS Format
Other project views: | All 15 publications | 15 publications in selected types | All 14 journal articles |
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Chen L-WA, Doddridge BG, Dickerson RR, Chow JC, Henry RC. Origins of fine aerosol mass in the Baltimore–Washington corridor:implications from observation, factor analysis, and ensemble air parcel back trajectories. Atmospheric Environment 2002;36(28):4541-4554. |
R826238 (2001) R826238 (Final) R826373 (2002) |
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Henry RC, Park ES, Spiegelman CH. Comparing a new algorithm with the classic methods for estimating the number of factors. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 1999;48(1):91-97. |
R826238 (2001) R826238 (Final) R825173 (1999) |
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Henry RC, Chang Y-S, Spiegelman CH. Locating nearby sources of air pollution by nonparametric regression of atmospheric concentrations on wind direction. Atmospheric Environment 2002;36(13):2237-2244. |
R826238 (2001) R826238 (Final) |
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Henry RC. Multivariate receptor models—current practice and future trends. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 2002;60(1-2):43-48. |
R826238 (2001) R826238 (Final) |
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Henry RC. Multivariate receptor modeling by N-dimensional edge detection. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 2003;65(2):179-189. |
R826238 (2001) R826238 (Final) |
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Kim BM, Henry RC. Diagnostics for determining influential species in the chemical mass balance receptor model. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 1999;49(12):1449-1455. |
R826238 (2001) R826238 (Final) |
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Kim BM, Henry RC. Extension of self-modeling curve resolution to mixtures of more than three components. Part 2. Finding the complete solution. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 1999;49(1):67-77. |
R826238 (2001) |
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Kim BM, Henry RC. Application of SAFER model to the Los Angeles PM10 data. Atmospheric Environment 2000;34(11):1747-1759. |
R826238 (2001) R826238 (Final) |
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Kim BM, Henry RC. Extension of self-modeling curve resolution to mixtures of more than three components. Part 3. Atmospheric aerosol data simulation studies. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 2000;52(2):145-154. |
R826238 (2001) R826238 (Final) |
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Lewis CW, Norris GA, Conner TL, Henry RC. Source apportionment of Phoenix PM2.5 aerosol with the Unmix receptor model. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2003;53(3):325-338. |
R826238 (2001) R826238 (Final) |
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Park ES, Guttorp P, Henry RC. Multivariate receptor modeling for temporally correlated data by using MCMC. Journal of the American Statistical Association 2001;96(456):1171-1183. |
R826238 (2001) R826238 (Final) R825173 (1999) R825173 (2000) |
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Supplemental Keywords:
tropospheric, health effects, metals, heavy metals, solvents, oxidants, environmental chemistry, environmental engineering, mathematics, Gulf Coast, western, northwest, southwest, petroleum refineries (SIC 3559, 2911, 1629, 1629), chemical industry, industry, volatile organic compounds, VOCs., RFA, Scientific Discipline, Air, particulate matter, Environmental Chemistry, mobile sources, Ecological Risk Assessment, Ecology and Ecosystems, Atmospheric Sciences, tropospheric ozone, photochemical assessment monitoring, phototchemical modeling, multivariate receptor modeling, fine particles, ambient measurement methods, ozone, air quality models, ambient air, VOCs, photochemical smog, air sampling, photochemistry, emissions inventory, atmospheric transport, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), measurement methods , atmospheric chemistry, chemical speciation sampling, particle transportRelevant Websites:
https://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/meetings.html
Progress and Final Reports:
Original AbstractThe perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA. Conclusions drawn by the principal investigators have not been reviewed by the Agency.