Grantee Research Project Results
2008 Progress Report: Comparative Toxicity of Coarse Particles
EPA Grant Number: R833742Title: Comparative Toxicity of Coarse Particles
Investigators: Gordon, Terry , Lippmann, Morton , Chen, Lung Chi , Ito, Kazuhiko
Institution: New York University School of Medicine
EPA Project Officer: Chung, Serena
Project Period: March 1, 2008 through February 28, 2012
Project Period Covered by this Report: March 1, 2008 through February 28,2009
Project Amount: $1,199,927
RFA: Sources, Composition, and Health Effects of Coarse Particulate Matter (2006) RFA Text | Recipients Lists
Research Category: Air , Air Quality and Air Toxics , Particulate Matter
Objective:
Using an interdisciplinary approach, the proposed in vivo and in vitro research will test the hypothesis that the adverse acute effects of coarse PM differ according to the source of coarse particles and therefore their composition. Although the current air quality standards and health effects research focus primarily on PM10 and PM2.5, there is a paucity of data from either epidemiology or animal toxicology studies regarding the relative toxicity of coarse PM (and its components) in comparison to fine and ultrafine PM. A critical issue in studying the adverse effects of coarse PM and its components is its heterogeneity throughout the different geographical regions in the U.S. (U.S. EPA, 2005) and its variation within each region from urban to rural areas. We propose to conduct in vitro (using pulmonary, cardiac, and vascular cells) and in vivo (aspiration delivery of coarse PM to mouse lungs) research that will compare the toxicity of coarse PM collected from urban and rural settings in several geographical locations throughout the U.S.
Progress Summary:
Site
|
Season
|
PM10-2.5
mg*
mean
(range)
|
Extraction Efficiency
mean
|
PM2.5
mg*
mean
(range)
|
Extraction Efficiency
mean
|
Wallkill
|
Winter
|
13.7
(5.2-26.8)
|
72
|
26.3
(8.7 - 57.1)
|
71
|
Goshen
|
Winter
|
19.2
(7.2-33.1)
|
73
|
30.8
(8.3 - 59.8)
|
74
|
Sterling Forest
|
Winter
|
13.4
(3.7-29.5)
|
71
|
24.5
(3.8 - 68.8)
|
72
|
Bronx
|
Winter
|
25.0
(5.8-50.3)
|
77
|
38.9
(10.5 - 70.4)
|
67
|
Manhattan
|
Winter
|
33.5
(17.6-66.3)
|
70
|
39.7
(21.2 - 72.2)
|
64
|
Wallkill
|
Summer
|
15.4
(10.3-19.7)
|
ND
|
16.1
(9.3-24.7)
|
ND
|
Goshen
|
Summer
|
17.3
(10.9-23.9)
|
ND
|
19.5
(7.5-29.4)
|
ND
|
Sterling Forest
|
Summer
|
14.8
(9.5-21.3)
|
ND
|
17.2
(7.1-30.6)
|
ND
|
Bronx
|
Summer
|
21.1
(15.1-28.7)
|
ND
|
26.6
(15.1-45.9)
|
ND
|
Manhattan
|
Summer
|
23.2
(18.3-31.6)
|
ND
|
27.6
(18.0-40.7)
|
ND
|
Site
|
Season
|
OC
µg/m3
mean
(range)
|
EC
µg/m3
mean
(range)
|
OC/EC Ratio
|
Wallkill
|
Winter
|
0.16
(0-0.5)
|
0.06
(0.01-0.26)
|
2.7
|
Goshen
|
Winter
|
0.37
(0.04-0.81)
|
0.05
(0.01-0.16)
|
7.4
|
Sterling Forest
|
Winter
|
0.48
(0.24-0.91)
|
0.06
(0-0.17)
|
8.0
|
Bronx
|
Winter
|
0.64
(0.01-1.72)
|
0.17
(0.03-0.54)
|
3.8
|
Manhattan
|
Winter
|
0.67
(0.27-1.25)
|
0.19
(0.07-0.34)
|
3.5
|
Wallkill
|
Summer
|
1.41
(0.74-2.09)
|
0.1
(0.02-0.24)
|
14.1
|
Goshen
|
Summer
|
1.68
(0.93-2.37)
|
0.14
(0-0.55)
|
12.0
|
Sterling Forest
|
Summer
|
1.25
(0.67-1.76)
|
0.27
(0.05-0.51)
|
5.6
|
Bronx
|
Summer
|
1.16
(0.45-2.32)
|
.16
(0.02-0.58)
|
7.3
|
Manhattan
|
Summer
|
ND
|
ND
|
ND
|
Future Activities:
In the second year, we will sample urban and rural coarse particles in sites other than the NYC metropolitan area. The choice of the sites will depend upon the results of our Health Effects Institute-funded research in which coarse, fine, and ultrafine PM is being sampled in 5 urban sites in the U.S. The in vitro results are almost complete and we will use this data to choose the next sets of urban and rural coarse PM sampling sites.
We will also complete extraction of the Summer NYC regional samples and perform the in vitro bioassays in the second year. We will also begin the in vivo bioassay in Year 2 but completion of the assays will continue into Year 3.
References:
Journal Articles:
No journal articles submitted with this report: View all 12 publications for this projectSupplemental Keywords:
ambient particulate matter, coarse, thoracic, source apportionment, in vitro, mouse, RFA, Scientific Discipline, Air, particulate matter, Health Risk Assessment, Biology, atmospheric particulate matter, sensitive populations, atmospheric particles, cardiopulmonary responses, human health effects, bioavailability, cardiovascular vulnerability, sensitive subgroups, cardiotoxicity, exposure assessmentRelevant Websites:
Progress and Final Reports:
Original AbstractThe perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA. Conclusions drawn by the principal investigators have not been reviewed by the Agency.