Grantee Research Project Results
2009 Progress Report: Fate of Hormones in Tile-Drained Fields and Impact to Aquatic Organisms Under Different Animal Waste Land-Application Practices
EPA Grant Number: R833417Title: Fate of Hormones in Tile-Drained Fields and Impact to Aquatic Organisms Under Different Animal Waste Land-Application Practices
Investigators: Lee, Linda S. , Turco, Ronald F. , Sepulveda, Marisol S. , Jafvert, Chad T.
Institution: Purdue University
EPA Project Officer: Aja, Hayley
Project Period: April 16, 2007 through April 15, 2011
Project Period Covered by this Report: April 16, 2009 through April 15,2010
Project Amount: $700,000
RFA: Fate and Effects of Hormones in Waste from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOS) (2006) RFA Text | Recipients Lists
Research Category: Endocrine Disruptors , Human Health , Safer Chemicals
Objective:
(1) Assess the relative amount of hormones discharged from tile-drained agricultural fields under different manure and lagoon effluent applications; (2) assess hormone persistence in fields under these application practices; and (3) evaluate the impacts of these hormone loads (relevant levels and mixtures) on aquatic organisms.
Progress Summary:
Animal Science Research and Education Facility (ASREC) and Water Quality Field Station (WQFS) Sites: We set up a wireless communication system of all stations at the ASREC site (and one representative station at the WQFS site) and completed development of a recession model, which is allowing us to reduce the number of samples needed to adequately describe the rise and fall of each hydrograph. Water samples from both drains and stream stations are being collected and analyzed for 17- and 17-estradiol and trenbolone, and related metabolites (estrone, estriol, trendione, androstendione) using LC/MS. A subset of samples from both drains and streams are being analyzed for pH, EC, nitrates, phosphate, and dissolved organic carbon; and a subset of stream samples are being analyzed for pesticides used on the associated fields. Chemical and flow data are being complied and evaluated in light of management activities, landscape details, and weather conditions. From September 2008 through February 2009 our LC/MS/MS detector was in operable due to some unusual circumstances that were started by a planned power outage. Purdue insurance agreed to replace the MS, which occurred in February and became fully operational in March.
Laboratory-based Degradation Studies: Further studies were conducted on the persistence of the major metabolites of 17β-trenbolone acetate (TBA) present in beef manure being land-applied (17α-trenbolone and trendione) under a range of temperature and moisture conditions of environmental relevance. Under temperatures favorable for microbial activity, degradation rates decreased with decreasing water availability, e.g., at 25 °C, rates decreased from 0.18 h-1 (-0.3 bar) to 0.08 h-1 (-5 bar). Under favorable water availability, degradation rates decreased with decreasing temperature. Microbial activity at 5C was always very low.
Persistence in Beef-Manure and Effluent: We quantified the concentrations of TBA, testosterone, and estradiol metabolites in beef manure in manure and manure-receiving lagoon water for 9 weeks after cattle were administered TBA/estradiol implants. Beef cattle here are implanted with commercially available anabolic preparation Ravoler-S (containing 140 mg of trenbolone acetate and 28 mg of estradiol). In manure slurry, concentration patterns generally followed a rise and fall pattern, except for 17-estradiol, with the timing of peak concentration hormone specific. 17α-trenbolone was the most abundant androgen at all times with the highest concentration observed the 4th week after implant (3.6 mg/kg manure). Trendione and 17β-trenbolone peaked at ~0.4 and ~ 0.2 mg/kg at the end of week 4 and 2, respectively. For the estrogens, the highest concentrations were observed for the metabolites estrone (3 mg/kg after week 4) and estriol (2.2 mg/kg after week 6). The highest concentrations observed for 17-estradiol in manure was after week 4 at 0.6 mg/kg.17-estradiol concentrations appeared erratic over time between ~ 0.1 to 0.1 mg/kg, which may be due to some reversible conversion from estrone that can occur under anaerobic conditions. In lagoon water, 17α-trenbolone and estrone were detected in highest concentrations (1500 and 1700 ng/L respectively).
Hormone Impact on Aquatic Organisms: Turtles were collected for an additional reproductive season (May-June) in 2008 and results were similar to those observe din the 2007c collection. In relation to fish studies, sampling was conducted along two agricultural ditches (Marshall and Box Ditches) and one control site (Ghost Creek). Marshall Ditch is bordered by crop production (corn and soybean) and receives field runoff treated with manure from beef and dairy concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO). Box Ditch is solely crop production, but has drainage from Marshall Ditch. Ghost Creek runs through a recreational area and is bordered by a small shrub and tree cover. Each site was sampled, using electro fishing via DC pulse on three distinct transects, every other month in 2008 starting in May throughout September. Fish collected were identified to species and measured prior to release. Reproductive condition of creek chubs, Semotilus atromaculatus, a species commonly found in all three sites, was also assessed. Results revealed lower species richness and fish numbers in both agricultural ditches compared to that of the control. These results imply that current ditch management practices have negative impacts on aquatic fauna.
Future Activities:
Collection and analysis of water samples from both ASREC and WQFS drains and ASREC stream stations will continue as well as compilation of chemical and flow data in an ACCESS database along with management activities, landscape details, and weather conditions. We will complete our field and laboratory studies on the impact to fish and turtles of agricultural drainage form manure-applied fields.
Journal Articles on this Report : 1 Displayed | Download in RIS Format
Other project views: | All 49 publications | 14 publications in selected types | All 14 journal articles |
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Type | Citation | ||
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Khan B, Lee LS, Sassman SA. Degradation of synthetic androgens 17α-and 17β-trenbolone and trendione in agricultural soils. Environmental Science and Technology 2008;42(10):3570-3574. |
R833417 (2009) R833417 (Final) |
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Supplemental Keywords:
endocrine disrupting chemicals, ecological effects, aquatic indicators, fish gonadal changes, sex differentiation, ecosystem health risks, manure, effluent irrigation, subsurface injection, broadcasting, androgens, estrogens, trenbolone, trendione, testosterone, estradiol, estrone, estriol, degradation, discharge, chemical transport, soil, RFA, Scientific Discipline, Health, Environmental Chemistry, Endocrine Disruptors - Environmental Exposure & Risk, endocrine disruptors, Endocrine Disruptors - Human Health, CAFOs, EDCs, endocrine disrupting chemicals, animal feeding operations, concentrated animal feeding operationsProgress and Final Reports:
Original AbstractThe perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA. Conclusions drawn by the principal investigators have not been reviewed by the Agency.