Grantee Research Project Results
2008 Progress Report: Methodology Development for Manufactured Nanomaterial Bioaccumulation Test
EPA Grant Number: R833327Title: Methodology Development for Manufactured Nanomaterial Bioaccumulation Test
Investigators: Chen, Yongsheng , Crittenden, John C. , Huang, C. P. , Sommerfeld, Milton , Hu, Qiang , Chang, Yung
Institution: Arizona State University , University of Delaware
EPA Project Officer: Hahn, Intaek
Project Period: September 1, 2006 through August 31, 2009
Project Period Covered by this Report: September 1, 2007 through August 31,2008
Project Amount: $399,768
RFA: Exploratory Research: Nanotechnology Research Grants Investigating Environmental and Human Health Effects of Manufactured Nanomaterials: a Joint Research Solicitation-EPA, NSF, NIOSH, NIEHS (2006) RFA Text | Recipients Lists
Research Category: Nanotechnology , Safer Chemicals
Objective:
Nanomaterials, also known as manufactured or engineered nanomaterials, have one or more dimensions in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers and are manufactured in a controllable or manipulatable fashion (National Research Council, 2002). Most manufactured nanomaterials are made of carbon, silicon, transition metals, or metal oxides; others are made from nanocrystals composed of multiple compounds, such as silicon and metals (i.e., quantum dots) (Dreher, 2004). Due to their wide application, the discharge of nanomaterials into the environment could be significant in the near future. However, their potential adverse health and environmental effects have received adequate attention. Especially, no data are available on whether manufactured nanomaterials are toxic within months or years. Thus, these nanomaterials could constitute a completely new class of non-biodegradable pollutants that can accumulate in food chains. Due to the lack of information about bioaccumulation, biotoxicity, and mutagenic effects, the risks related to the transfer and persistence of nanomaterials in the environment and food chain must be evaluated.
The objectives of this project are: 1) to develop suitable manufactured nanomaterial bioaccumulation testing procedures to assure data accuracy and precision, test replicability, and comparability test results; 2) to evaluate how the forms of manufactured nanomaterials affect their potential bioavailability and bioconcentration factor (BCF) in phytoplankton; 3) to determine the potential biomagnification of manufactured nanomaterials in zooplankton; and 4) to determine the potential biomagnification of manufactured nanomaterials in fish. This report summarizes the progress made over the first year of the project.
Progress Summary:
I. Determine the Bioavailability of Nanomaterials in Water
Materials and Methods
Particles
|
particle size
|
Purity (%)
|
Source
|
C60
|
< 200 nm
|
99.5
|
SES, Houston, USA
|
SWCNTs
|
D < 2 nm
L = 5-15 μm
|
CNTs>90
SWCNTs>60
|
Shenzhen Nanotech Port Co., Ltd.
|
MWCNTs
|
D = 10-20 nm
L = 5-15 μm
|
> 98.0
|
Shenzhen Nanotech Port Co., Ltd.
|
Carbon Black
|
20,000 nm
|
> 95.0
|
Tianjin Jinqiushi Chemical Port Co., Ltd.
|
nZnO
|
20 nm
|
> 99.6
|
Nanjing High Technology NANO Co., Ltd.
|
ZnO/Bulk
|
1,000 nm
|
> 99.0
|
The Third Chemical Regent Factory of Tianjin
|
nTiO2
|
≤ 20 nm
|
> 99.5
|
Nanjing High Technology NANO Co., Ltd.
|
TiO2/Bulk
|
10,000 nm
|
> 99.0
|
The Third Chemical Regent Factory of Tianjin
|
nAl2O3
|
80 nm
|
> 99.9
|
Nanjing High Technology NANO Co., Ltd.
|
Al2O3/Bulk
|
90,000 nm
|
> 99.0
|
The Third Chemical Regent Factory of Tianjin
|
Particle Suspensions
|
Concentration Gradient (mg/L)
|
||||||
nTiO2
|
500
|
100
|
50
|
10
|
5
|
1
|
0.5
|
nAl2O3
|
1000
|
500
|
100
|
50
|
10
|
5
|
1
|
nZnO
|
10
|
5
|
1
|
0.5
|
0.1
|
0.05
|
0.01
|
C60
|
200
|
100
|
50
|
10
|
5
|
1
|
0.5
|
SWCNTs
|
100
|
50
|
10
|
5
|
1
|
0.5
|
0.1
|
MWCNTs
|
100
|
50
|
10
|
5
|
1
|
0.5
|
0.1
|
Particle Suspensions
|
Concentration Gradient (mg/L)
|
||||||
nTiO2
|
500
|
100
|
50
|
10
|
5
|
1
|
0.5
|
TiO2/Bulk
|
500
|
100
|
50
|
10
|
5
|
1
|
0.5
|
nAl2O3
|
1000
|
500
|
100
|
50
|
10
|
--
|
--
|
Al2O3/Bulk
|
1000
|
500
|
100
|
50
|
10
|
--
|
--
|
nZnO
|
5
|
1
|
0.5
|
0.1
|
0.05
|
0.01
|
--
|
ZnO/Bulk
|
5
|
1
|
0.5
|
0.1
|
0.05
|
0.01
|
--
|
C60
|
100
|
50
|
25
|
10
|
5
|
1
|
0.5
|
SWCNTs
|
100
|
50
|
10
|
5
|
1
|
0.5
|
0.1
|
MWCNTs
|
100
|
50
|
10
|
5
|
1
|
0.5
|
0.1
|
Carbon black
|
100
|
75
|
50
|
25
|
10
|
5
|
1
|
Results and Discussion
NPs
|
Regression Equation
|
Correlation Coefficient
|
EC50(mg/L)
|
nZnO Suspension
|
y = 38.862x + 49.194
|
R2 = 0.9542
|
1.049±0.565
|
C60 Suspension
|
y = 26.42x + 20.456
|
R2 = 0.8988
|
13.122±4.182
|
nTiO2 Suspension
|
y = 39.902x + 2.7719
|
R2 = 0.9275
|
15.262±6.968
|
MWCNTs Suspension
|
y = 38.468x + 4.3117
|
R2 = 0.9964
|
15.488±7.108
|
SWCNTs Suspension
|
y = 27.978x + 12.097
|
R2 = 0.8434
|
22.633±9.605
|
nAl2O3 Suspension
|
y = 14.204x - 10.044
|
R2 = 0.5471
|
>1000
|
Material suspensions
|
EC50 (mg/L)
|
95% CI
|
LC50 (mg/L)
|
95% CI
|
nAl2O3
|
114.357
|
111.232-191.100
|
162.392
|
124.325-214.803
|
Al2O3/Bulk
|
>500
|
n.d.
|
>500
|
n.d.
|
nTiO2
|
35.306
|
25.627-48.928
|
143.387
|
106.466-202.818
|
TiO2/Bulk
|
275.277
|
170.661-570.045
|
>500
|
n.d.
|
nZnO
|
0.622
|
0.411-0.805
|
1.511
|
1.120-2.108
|
ZnO/Bulk
|
0.481
|
0.301-0.667
|
1.250
|
0.985-1.848
|
SWCNTs
|
1.306
|
0.821-1.994
|
2.425
|
1.639-3.550
|
MWCNTs
|
8.723
|
6.284-12.128
|
22.751
|
15.678-34.388
|
C60
|
9.344
|
7.757-11.262
|
10.515
|
8.658-12.757
|
Carbon black
|
37.563
|
33.076-41.968
|
61.547
|
54.546-68.232
|
|
Conclusion
II. Determine the Potential Bioconcentration of Manufactured Nanomaterials in Zooplankton
Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion
Dose (mg/L)
|
Exact dosea (mg/L)
|
Whole body concentration(dw) (g/kg)
|
BCFs (l/kg)
|
KM=tu0.5 (h)
|
tu0.9 (h)
|
td0.5 (h)
|
td0.9 (h)
|
0.10
|
0.08
|
4.52b
|
56562.50
|
3.87
|
34.84
|
26.76
|
88.90
|
1.0
|
0.52
|
61.09
|
118062.84
|
3.72
|
33.51
|
74.52
|
247.59
|
III. Determine the Potential Bioconcentration of Manufactured Nanomaterials in Fish
Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion
nTiO2 concentrations
|
Skin and scales
|
Muscle
|
Gill
|
Stomach
|
Whole body
|
3 mg/L
|
103.3
|
52.5
|
348.5
|
2 096.7
|
675.5
|
10 mg/L
|
61.0
|
43.2
|
222.3
|
1 426.0
|
595.4
|
Exposure media
|
A (μg/g)
|
B (d−1)
|
R2
|
BCF
|
Cd
|
6.98
|
0.143
|
0.631
|
64.4
|
Cd + nTiO2
|
29.3
|
0.063
|
0.942
|
325.0
|
As
|
3.40
|
0.109
|
0.983
|
22.67
|
As + nTiO2
|
8.34
|
0.074
|
0.991
|
55.60
|
Conclusion
Future Activities:
Journal Articles on this Report : 4 Displayed | Download in RIS Format
Other project views: | All 17 publications | 8 publications in selected types | All 8 journal articles |
---|
Type | Citation | ||
---|---|---|---|
|
Sun H, Zhang X, Niu Q, Chen Y, Crittenden JC. Enhanced accumulation of arsenate in carp in the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 2007;178(1-4):245-254. |
R833327 (2008) R833327 (Final) |
Exit |
|
Wang J, Zhang X, Chen Y, Sommerfeld M, Hu Q. Toxicity assessment of manufactured nanomaterials using the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Chemosphere 2008;73(7):1121-1128. |
R833327 (2008) R833327 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
|
Zhang X, Sun H, Zhang Z, Niu Q, Chen Y, Crittenden JC. Enhanced bioaccumulation of cadmium in carp in the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Chemosphere 2007;67(1):160-166. |
R833327 (2008) R833327 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
|
Zhu X, Zhu L, Lang Y, Chen Y. Oxidative stress and growth inhibition in the freshwater fish Carassius auratus induced by chronic exposure to sublethal fullerene aggregates. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2008;27(9):1979-1985. |
R833327 (2008) R833327 (Final) |
Exit |
Supplemental Keywords:
Health, PHYSICAL ASPECTS, Scientific Discipline, Health Risk Assessment, Risk Assessments, Physical Processes, fate and transport, food chain, bioavailability, exposure, nanotechnology, nanomaterials, nanoparticle toxicity, bioaccumulation, biochemical researchProgress and Final Reports:
Original AbstractThe perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA. Conclusions drawn by the principal investigators have not been reviewed by the Agency.