Grantee Research Project Results
Final Report: Research Consortium on Ozone and Fine Particle Formation in California and in the Northeastern United States: Cal Tech, Carnegie Mellon, Georgia Institute, NJIT, Oregon Institute, UC-Irvine, UC-Riverside Report
EPA Grant Number: R826371C002Subproject: this is subproject number 002 , established and managed by the Center Director under grant R826371
(EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
Center: Duke University Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology
Center Director: Wiesner, Mark R.
Title: Research Consortium on Ozone and Fine Particle Formation in California and in the Northeastern United States: Cal Tech, Carnegie Mellon, Georgia Institute, NJIT, Oregon Institute, UC-Irvine, UC-Riverside Report
Investigators: Kleeman, Michael J.
Institution: California Institute of Technology , Georgia Institute of Technology , New Jersey Institute of Technology , Oregon Graduate Institute of Science & Technology , University of California - Irvine , University of California - Riverside , Carnegie Mellon University
EPA Project Officer: Hahn, Intaek
Project Period: April 15, 1998 through April 14, 2003
RFA: Special Opportunity in Tropospheric Ozone (1997) RFA Text | Recipients Lists
Research Category: Air Quality and Air Toxics , Air
Objective:
This is one of the projects conducted by the Research Consortium. The objective of this research project is to evaluate the effect of emissions control strategies on both ozone and particulate matter (PM) concentrations.
Summary/Accomplishments (Outputs/Outcomes):
Software was developed to produce gridded emissions files, in which particles released from different source classes could be compiled separately. The emissions software identifies a subset of the total particulate emissions to be included in each source class based either on its unique Source Classification Code (SCC) number, or the composition profile assigned to that SCC number. The software can read standard libraries of composition profiles that describe the size and composition distribution of airborne PM released from different sources.
The first three-dimensional (3D) Eulerian source-oriented mechanistic air quality model capable of predicting regional contributions to the airborne particle size distribution was developed (Kleeman and Cass, 2001). The source-oriented gridded emissions files produced by the emissions processing software described above were used as inputs to the new 3D Eulerian model. The advection operators in the CIT airshed model were updated from the Finite Element Method to the Accurate Space Derivative method. The gas-to-particle conversion operators developed for use with the Lagrangian source-oriented mechanistic air quality model (Kleeman, et al., 1999) were linked into the new model to predict the accumulation of secondary PM.
The source-oriented air quality model tracks approximately 10-20 times more particle-phase information than other aerosol processes air quality models (10 particle classes and 15 particlesizes versus 1 particle class and 8 particle sizes), and so the computational burden is proportionally larger. A parallel solution algorithm was formulated, and a clustered computer system was constructed to overcome the computational burden associated with the source-oriented mechanistic formulation.
The new 3D Eulerian source-oriented mechanistic air quality model was applied to the region surrounding Los Angeles, CA, during September 23-25, 1996. Surface meteorology measurements were compiled into a central database and interpolated to produce diagnostic fields. Wind speed and direction above the earth’s surface were interpolated based on measurements made using a lower atmospheric radar profiler located at Los Angeles International Airport, and rawinsonde data were collected at Edwards Air Force Base, Vandenberg Air Force Base, and San Nicolas Island. Initial conditions for the model calculations were interpolated based on routine measurements of gas-phase pollutants (O3, NOx, SOx, CO, CO2, RHC) made at 28 monitoring sites and special measurements of particle size and composition made at 4 monitoring sites.
Figures 1 and 2 illustrate that predicted concentrations of ozone and airborne PM concentrations are in good agreement with measurements at most of the receptor sites within the model region. Figure 3 shows source contributions to the regional distribution of PM2.5 in Southern California. The source-oriented mechanistic air quality model provides a regulatory tool that can be used to evaluate the effect of emissions control strategies on both ozone and PM concentrations.
Emissions inventories and meteorological fields were developed for secondary organic aerosol modeling in the South Coast Air Basin (Griffin, et al., 2003). Particulate emissions inventories including detailed organic species needed for the accurate prediction of secondary organic aerosol formation were built for the period September 7-9, 1993. The resulting model predictions represent one of the most advanced simulations of secondary organic aerosol formation to date.
Figure 1. Predicted (solid line) and observed (dots) ozone concentrations in the South Coast Air Basin.
Figure 2. Predicted and observed components of airborne particles at Riverside, CA, on September 25, 1996.
Figure 3. Regional concentration of airborne PM2.5 associated with particles having their primary core from major source categories in the South Coast Air Basin averaged over each hour of the day on September 25, 1996. PM2.5 contributions include the primary particle core plus secondary PM that has accumulated on that core since release to the atmosphere. Units are µg m-3.
Journal Articles on this Report : 3 Displayed | Download in RIS Format
| Other subproject views: | All 3 publications | 3 publications in selected types | All 3 journal articles |
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| Other center views: | All 47 publications | 44 publications in selected types | All 44 journal articles |
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Kleeman MJ, Hughes LS, Allen JO, Cass GR. Source contributions to the size and composition distribution of atmospheric particles:Southern California in September 1996. Environmental Science & Technology 1999;33(23):4331-4341. |
R826371 (Final) R826371C002 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Kleeman MJ, Cass GR. A 3D Eulerian source-oriented model for an externally mixed aerosol. Environmental Science & Technology 2001;35(24):4834-4848. |
R826371 (Final) R826371C002 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Kleeman MJ, Eldering A, Hall JR, Cass GR. Effect of emissions control programs on visibility in southern California. Environmental Science & Technology 2001;35(23):4668-4674. |
R826371 (Final) R826371C002 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
Supplemental Keywords:
emissions control strategies, particulate matter, PM, total particulate emissions, source classification code, SCC, South Coast Air Basin, Southern California, CA., RFA, Air, Scientific Discipline, Ecosystem Protection/Environmental Exposure & Risk, particulate matter, Environmental Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, tropospheric ozone, Monitoring/Modeling, Atmospheric Sciences, fine particulates, air quality, atmospheric dispersion models, air sampling, three dimensional air flow modeling, three dimensional model, aerosol formation, aersol particles, airborne particulate matter, atmospheric chemistry, fine particles, Eulerian model, California, air pollution models, chemical composition, atmospheric aerosol particles, air quality model, atmospheric particulate matter, ozone, aerosol analyzers, fine particle formationProgress and Final Reports:
Original AbstractMain Center Abstract and Reports:
R826371 Duke University Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology Subprojects under this Center: (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
R826371C001 Research Consortium on Ozone and Fine Particle Formation in California and in the Northeastern United States: Cal Tech, UC-Riverside, UC-San Diego, UC-Davis Report
R826371C002 Research Consortium on Ozone and Fine Particle Formation in California and in the Northeastern United States: Cal Tech, Carnegie Mellon, Georgia Institute, NJIT, Oregon Institute, UC-Irvine, UC-Riverside Report
R826371C003 Research Consortium on Ozone and Fine Particle Formation in California and in the Northeastern United States: Cal Tech Report
R826371C004 Research Consortium on Ozone and Fine Particle Formation in California and in the Northeastern United States: California - Irvine Report
R826371C005 Research Consortium on Ozone and Fine Particle Formation in California and in the Northeastern United States: Carnegie Mellon Report
R826371C006 Research Consortium on Ozone and Fine Particle Formation in California and in the Northeastern United States: Carnegie Mellon Report
R826371C007 Research Consortium on Ozone and Fine Particle Formation in California and in the Northeastern United States: UC-Riverside
R826371C008 Research Consortium on Ozone and Fine Particle Formation in California and in the Northeastern United States: Oregon Health and Science Report
R826371C009 Research Consortium on Ozone and Fine Particle Formation in California and in the Northeastern United States: NJIT Report
The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA. Conclusions drawn by the principal investigators have not been reviewed by the Agency.