IRIS Toxicological Review of Hexavalent Chromium (Interagency Science Consultation Draft, 2022)
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Abstract
In October 2022, EPA publicly released the draft hexavalent chromium assessment for review and comment. The Toxicological Review and charge were reviewed internally by EPA and by other federal agencies and White House Offices before public release. Through the IRIS process, all written comments on IRIS assessments submitted by other federal agencies and White House Offices will be made publicly available. Accordingly, interagency comments and the interagency science consultation draft of the IRIS Toxicological Review of Hexavalent Chromium are posted on this site.
Cr(VI) is a naturally occurring metal that has been most commonly used commercially to prevent rust and corrosion and can be found in a variety of industries, including pigment manufacturing, chrome plating, and stainless-steel production. The general population may be exposed to Cr(VI) compounds when they inhale ambient air, and ingest water or food containing Cr(VI). EPA’s previous IRIS assessment on Cr(VI) was posted in 1998. This new draft assessment updates the information based on the latest science. The draft assessment provides a comprehensive systematic review of hundreds of studies on cancer and multiple noncancer health effects of inhalation and oral exposure to Cr(VI), resulting in a state-of-the-science human health assessment.
Cr(VI) is a naturally occurring metal that has been most commonly used commercially to prevent rust and corrosion and can be found in a variety of industries, including pigment manufacturing, chrome plating, and stainless-steel production. The general population may be exposed to Cr(VI) compounds when they inhale ambient air, and ingest water or food containing Cr(VI). EPA’s previous IRIS assessment on Cr(VI) was posted in 1998. This new draft assessment updates the information based on the latest science. The draft assessment provides a comprehensive systematic review of hundreds of studies on cancer and multiple noncancer health effects of inhalation and oral exposure to Cr(VI), resulting in a state-of-the-science human health assessment.
Impact/Purpose
The draft Toxicological Review of Hexavalent Chromium provides scientific support and rationale for the hazard and dose-response assessment pertaining to chronic exposure to hexavalent chromium via ingestion.
Citation
U.S. EPA. IRIS Toxicological Review of Hexavalent Chromium (Interagency Science Consultation Draft, 2022). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/635/R-21 /318, 2022.
History/Chronology
| Date | Description |
|---|---|
| Apr 2014 | EPA released preliminary meeting materials for chromium (VI), part 1, in preparation for the June 2014 Bimonthly Public Science Meeting. |
| Jun 2014 | EPA hosted a public science meeting to discuss preliminary meeting materials for chromium (VI), part 1. |
| Aug 2014 | EPA released preliminary meeting materials for chromium (VI), part 2, in preparation for the October 2014 Bimonthly Public Science Meeting. |
| Oct 2014 | EPA hosted a public science meeting to discuss preliminary meeting materials for chromium (VI), part 2. |
| Mar 2019 | EPA released the Systematic Review Protocol for the Hexavalent Chromium IRIS Assessment (Preliminary Assessment Materials). [Federal Register Notice Mar 15, 2019] |
| Apr 2019 | EPA announced that they will host a public science meeting on April 24, 2019 (by webinar) to discuss the draft document. |
| Feb 2022 | EPA initiated an interagency science consultation to review the draft toxicological review and charge to external peer reviewers. |
| Oct 2022 | EPA released the EPA-led Interagency Science Consultation draft (Feb 2022) report with interagency comments on the EPA website. |
This download(s) is distributed solely for the purpose of pre-dissemination peer review under applicable information quality guidelines. It has not been formally disseminated by EPA. It does not represent and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy.
- IRIS Toxicological Review of Hexavalent Chromium (Interagency Science Consultation Draft) (PDF) (504 pp, 9 MB, about PDF)
- IRIS Toxicological Review of Hexavalent Chromium - Supplemental Information (Interagency Science Consultation Draft) (PDF) (432 pp, 13 MB, about PDF)
- Charge to the External Reviewers (PDF) (7 pp, 235 KB, about PDF)
- 1. ATSDR CrVI IASC Comments Feb2022 (PDF) (6 pp, 171 KB, about PDF)
- 2. DoD CrVI IASC Comments Feb2022 (PDF) (5 pp, 171 KB, about PDF)
- 3. EOP CrVI IASC Comments Feb2022 (PDF) (4 pp, 126 KB, about PDF)
- 4. NIEHS CrVI IASC Comments Feb2022 (PDF) (10 pp, 195 KB, about PDF)
- 5. NIOSH CrVI IASC Comments Feb2022 (PDF) (2 pp, 182 KB, about PDF)
Related Link(s)
- IRIS Toxicological Review of Hexavalent Chromium Part 1: Experimental Animal Studies (Preliminary Assessment Materials, 2014)
- IRIS Toxicological Review of Hexavalent Chromium Part 2: Human, Toxicokinetic, and Mechanistic Studies (Preliminary Assessment Materials, 2014)
- Updated Systematic Review Protocol for the Hexavalent Chromium IRIS Assessment (Preliminary Assessment Materials, 2019)
- IRIS Toxicological Review of Hexavalent Chromium (External Review Draft, 2022)