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Tool Type	Tools	Description
	Acute Toxicity Database	This database summarizes the results from aquatic acute toxicity tests and provides a relative starting point for hazard assessment of contaminants.
	AgDRIFT	This model, a modified version of the Agricultural DISPersal (AGDISP) model, is used to assess a variety of spray drift conditions from agricultural applications and off-site deposition to liquid formulation of pesticides. AgDRIFT allows users to estimate downwind deposition of spray drift from aerial, ground boom, and orchard/vineyard airblast applications.
	Agricultural DISPersal (AGDISP)	This science-based model predicts spray drift from application sites and provides detailed algorithms for characterizing the release, dispersion, and deposition over and downwind of the application area. This model allows users to estimate downwind deposition of spray drift from aerial and ground boom applications as well as from forestry and adulticide/mosquitocide applications.
	Air Emissions Factors and Quantification	This webpage provides information and links for emissions factors tools used for building emissions inventories, guiding air quality management decisions, and developing emissions control strategies.
	Air Monitoring Methods – Criteria Pollutants	This EPA site lists designated reference or equivalent methods for monitoring and measuring ambient concentrations of criteria air pollutants—total suspended particulates (TSP), PM10, PM2.5, PM10–2.5, SO2, O3, CO, NO2, and Pb.
	Air Monitoring Methods – Inorganic (IO) Compendium Methods	This EPA site lists designated reference or equivalent methods for monitoring and measuring ambient concentrations of criteria air pollutants—total suspended particulates (TSP), PM10, PM2.5, PM10–2.5, SO2, O3, CO, NO2, and Pb.
	Air Monitoring Methods – Open Path Monitoring	This EPA website provides an approved method for conducting open-path remote sensing for ambient air concentrations with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.
	Air Monitoring Methods – Passive Monitoring	This EPA website provides an approved method for the use of passive monitoring devices to assess personal and environmental exposures to various ambient air toxics.
	Air Toxics – Monitoring Methods	This EPA website provides descriptions and methodologies for monitoring and measuring hazardous air pollutants in ambient air.
	Air: Fate, Exposure, and Risk Analysis (FERA) Models and Documentation	This site describes multimedia fate and transport models (Total Risk Integrated Methodology [TRIM] - TRIM.FaTE); human exposure models (Air Pollutants Exposure Model [APEX/TRIM.Expo Inhalation], Hazardous Air Pollutant Exposure Model [HAPEM]); risk models (TRIM.Risk, Human Exposure Model [HEM]); as well as available documentation of methods for Fate, Exposure, and Risk Analysis as compiled by the Office of Air.
	Ammonia Monitoring Network (AMoN)	AMoN provides a record of ammonia gas concentrations across the U.S. to assess long term trends and validate atmospheric models.
	Analyses of Laboratory and Field Studies of Reproductive Toxicity in Birds Exposed to Dioxin-Like Compounds for Use in Ecological Risk Assessment	This report from 2003 provides assistance for ecological risk assessors when characterizing risks to birds from exposure to dioxin-like chemicals. It discusses methods to measure or estimate the concentrations of individual congeners and relate them to appropriate toxicity data.
	Analysis of the Causes of a Decline in the San Joaquin Kit Fox Population on the Elk Hills, Naval Petroleum Reserve #1, California	This report demonstrates the utility of the Causal Analysis/Diagnosis Decision Information System (CADDIS) for determining the cause of biological impairments on contaminated sites.
	Appendix 1 to 2007 Addendum: Environmental Fate and Ecological Risk Assessment of Endosulfan	This appendix provides detailed information in support of the reregistration eligibility decision for endosulfan. The appendix provides new data on bioaccumulation, ecological effects, ecological exposure, monitoring and long range transport, and risk characterization of endosulfan.
	Appendix C: Conceptual Models Examples in Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment	Appendix C to the 1998 Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment provides further detail on developing a conceptual model including several examples.
	Appendix D: Analysis Phase Examples in Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment	Appendix D to the 1998 Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment provides further detail on the analysis phase of an ecological risk assessment with examples for chemical, physical, and biological stressors.
	Appendix E: Criteria for Determining Ecological Adversity – A Hypothetical Example in Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment	Appendix E to the 1998 Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment lays out a hypothetical example of developing criteria for ecological adversity.
	Application of Watershed Ecological Risk Assessment Methods to Watershed Management	This 2008 report supplements the Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment by addressing issues commonly encountered when conducting watershed ecological assessments. The phases of the watershed ERA process are explained sequentially in this report as well as the processes for selecting assessment endpoints, developing conceptual models, and selecting the exposure and effects pathways to be analyzed are described.
	Approach and Strategy for Performing Ecological Risk Assessments for the U.S. DOE's Oak Ridge Reservation	This resource provides guidance for preparing conceptual models for ecological risk assessments. Generic conceptual models are presented for four types of operable units (OUs): source OUs, aquatic integrator OUs, groundwater integrator OUs, and terrestrial integrator OUs. The guidance describes the use of these generic models to develop site-specific models including how to represent sources, routes of transport, contaminated media, routes of exposure, endpoint receptors, and indirect effects.
	Aquatic Assessment of the Ely Copper Mine Superfund Site, Vershire, Vermont	This webpage provides access to the ecological risk assessment of the impact on the aquatic system from acid rock drainage at the Ely Mine in Vershire, Vermont.
	Aquatic Assessment of the Pike Hill Copper Mine Superfund Site, Corinth, Vermont	This webpage provides access to the ecological risk assessment of the impact of mine drainage on the aquatic system downstream from the Pike Hill copper mines in Corinth, Vermont.
	Aquatic Ecosystems, Water Quality, and Global Change: Challenges of Conducting Multi-Stressor Vulnerability Assessments	This report outlines the challenges associated with identifying, calculating, and mapping indicators of vulnerability to water quality and aquatic ecosystems across the U.S. Appendices of this report include a comprehensive list of indicators; data sources; and example maps for indicators of water quality and aquatic ecosystem vulnerability.
	Aquatic Fate Process Data for Organic Priority Pollutants	This resource provides equilibrium and kinetic constants from the literature for evaluating the transformation and transport of organic chemicals on EPA's priority pollutant list in aquatic systems. Constants are included for physical properties, partitioning, volatilization, photolysis, oxidation, hydrolysis, and biotransformation.
	Aquatic Life Benchmarks and Ecological Risk Assessments for Registered Pesticides	This website provides Aquatic Life Benchmarks for freshwater species based on the toxicity values reviewed by EPA and used in risk assessments developed as part of the decision-making process for pesticide registration.
	AQUATOX Model	This simulation model links water quality with aquatic life to predict the fate of various pollutants, such as nutrients and organic chemicals, and their effects on the ecosystem, including fish, invertebrates, and aquatic plants.
	ARCS Assessment Guidance Document: Chapter 7 – Assessment of Benthic Invertebrate Community Structure	This chapter of the Great Lakes ARCS Program Guidance Document describes methods for collection and data analysis for quantitative benthic invertebrate surveys.
	ARCS Assessment Guidance Document: Chapter 8 – Fish Tumors and Abnormalities	This chapter describes methods and materials for fish collection, fish processing, evaluation of tissue samples, and quality assurance and quality control.
	Assessment of Methods for Estimating Risk to Birds from Ingestion of Contaminated Grit Particles	This report evaluates approaches for estimating the probability of ingestion by birds of contaminated particles such as pesticide granules or lead particles (i.e. shot or bullet fragments). It also presents an approach for using this information to estimate mortality risk to birds from ingestion of lead particles.
	An Assessment of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Sediments and Bivalves of the U.S. Coastal Zone	This resource is the first national assessment of PBDEs in the U.S. coastal zone developed by NOAA's National Status & Trends Program (NS&T).
	Assessment of Wetland Ecosystem Condition across Landscape Regions: A Multi-metric Approach Part B. Ecological Integrity Assessment Protocols for Rapid Field Methods (L2)	This report describes the results of NatureServe's project “Assessment of Wetland Ecosystem Conditions across Landscape Regions – a Multi-metric Approach”. The project was conducted in partnership with the Natural Heritage programs of Indiana and Michigan, and included assessment of approximately 360 wetland sites in those two states. Main elements of the project include examining the suitability of existing spatial datasets and classification systems as the basis for sampling design, developing and assessing metrics for various aspects of wetland condition, and synthesizing the results into an ecological integrity scoring system.
	Assessment, Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Tracking and Implementation System (ATTAINS)	This website allows users to access information about the conditions of U.S. surface water bodies.
	Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network (AIRMoN)	This database contains precipitation data from single storms to facilitate studies of atmospheric processes and the development and testing of computer simulations of these processes.
	Atmospheric Mercury Network (AMNet)	This database contains data from a network of monitoring stations that measure atmospheric mercury fractions that contribute to dry and total mercury deposition.
	Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment for the Eureka Mills Superfund Site in Eureka, Utah	This report describes the likelihood, nature, and extent of adverse effects to ecological receptors (plants and animals) that may occur from exposure to mining-related contaminants remaining at the Eureka Mills Superfund Site after the remedial actions done to protect humans that live within or visit the site are complete.
	Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment for Non-Asbestos Contaminants Operable Unit 3 Libby Asbestos Superfund Site Libby, Montana	This document provides the site-wide baseline ecological risk assessment for non-asbestos contaminants at the Libby Asbestos Superfund Site in Libby, Montana, to describe the likelihood, nature, and extent of adverse effects in ecological receptors exposed to non-asbestos contaminants released to the environment as a result of past mining, milling, and processing activities at the site.
	Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment for the Ogden Railyard Site in Odgen, Utah	This document is the baseline ecological risk assessment for the Ogden Railyard site in Ogden, Utah, to describe the likelihood, nature, and extent of adverse effects to ecological receptors resulting from exposure to chemical contaminants released from the railyard site to surrounding areas.
	Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment for the Upland at the LCP Chemical Site, Brunswick, Georgia - Site Investigation/Analysis and Risk Characterization	This report presents the results of the *Site Investigation/Analysis* phase and *Risk Characterization* phase of a baseline ecological risk assessment conducted for the upland at the Linden Chemicals and Plastics (LCP) site in Brunswick, Georgia.
	BeeREX	The Bee-REX model is a screening level tool that is intended for use in a Tier I risk assessment to assess exposures of bees to pesticides and to calculate risk quotients. This model is individual-based, and is not intended to assess exposures and effects at the colony-level (i.e., for honey bees).
	Best Practices for Continuous Monitoring of Temperature and Flow in Wadeable Streams	This document describes sensor deployment for and collection of continuous temperature and flow data at ungaged sites in wadeable streams. It also addresses questions related to equipment needs; configuration, placement, and installation of equipment; and data retrieval and processing.
	Best Practices For Identifying Reference Condition In Mid-Atlantic Streams	This resource defines the concept of reference condition and provides examples of how reference condition has been implemented for states in the Mid-Atlantic region for water resource management.
	Better Assessment Science Integrating point & Non-point Sources (BASINS) Model	BASINS is a multi-purpose environmental analysis tool designed to integrate geographical information system (GIS), national watershed data, and state-of-the-art environmental assessment and modeling tools.
	Bioaccumulation and Aquatic System Simulator (BASS)	This is a food chain model that simulates population and bioaccumulation dynamics of fish communities. It simulates toxicokinetic, physiological, and ecological processes of fish.
	Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soils and Sediments: Processes, Tools, and Applications	This report provides information on the physical, chemical, and biological factors that may affect the bioavailability of contaminants in soils and sediments.
	Biodiversity Information Serving Our Nation (BISON)	The USGS Biodiversity Information Serving Our Nation (BISON) project is an online mapping information system consisting of a large collection of species occurrence datasets (e.g., plants and animals) found in the U.S. and relevant geospatial layers.
	Biological Indicator Variability And Stream Monitoring Program Integration: A Maryland Case Study	In this report, EPA uses model-based approach to quantify the uncertainty around biological indicators at individual sites. The report includes a discussion on how such uncertainty can be taken into account in the biocriteria framework.
	Biological Technical Assistance Group (BTAG) Recommended Toxicity Reference Values (TRVs) for Mammals	This resource lists the most current mammalian and avian BTAG TRVs, superseding EcoNOTE 4.
	Biological Technical Assistance Group (BTAG) Screening Values	This resource provides values for the evaluation of sampling data at Superfund sites to facilitate consistency in screening level ecological risk assessments throughout Region 3.
	Biopesticides	This website provides information on biochemical pesticides, naturally occurring substances that control pests, including biopesticide registration information.
	Biosolids	This website provides general information on the land application of biosolids (sewage sludge) as fertilizers to improve and maintain productive soils and stimulate plant growth, and also includes on information on biosolids laws, regulations, and management.
	Biotechnology	This website presents information regarding USDA’s role in assuring the safe and appropriate use of biotechnology to help meet agricultural challenges and consumer needs in the United States.
	Biotechnology Guidance Documents & Regulatory Information	This website provides links to FDA guidance (including guidance for industry on labelling) and regulations pertaining to foods derived from genetically-engineered animals and plants.
	Biota Sediment Accumulation Factors for Invertebrates: Review and Recommendations for the Oak Ridge Reservation	This report contains contaminant uptake data, biota-sediment accumulation factors, and regression equations for estimating chemical concentrations in benthic invertebrates compared to contaminant uptake data for emergent adult insects.
	Bristol Bay Assessment	This final assessment describes the potential impacts of large-scale mining development on Bristol Bay fisheries and wildlife as well as on Alaska Native cultures of the region.
	CADDIS Volume 1: Stressor Identification	CADDIS Volume 1 includes a five-step process for conducting a causal assessment at a particular site. This information source is derived from the Stressor Identification Guidance Document; minor changes have been made to make the process more accessible.
	CADDIS Volume 2: Sources, Stressors, & Responses	CADDIS Volume 2 includes background information on commonly encountered sources, stressors, and responses for use in deciding which candidate causes to consider, as well as in developing cases for or against those candidate causes in the actual assessment.
	CADDIS Volume 3: Examples and Applications	This volume of CADDIS gives examples that provide illustrations of different types of causal assessments. This resource allows users to access completed causal assessment case studies, see how Stressor Identification worksheets are completed, and view example applications of data analysis techniques.
	CADDIS Volume 4: Data Analysis	This volume of CADDIS provides guidance on the use of statistical analysis to support causal assessments.
	CADDIS Volume 5: CADLink	CADLink replaces CADLit, the original CADDIS literature database and contains evidence extracted from scientific literature including cause-effect relationships, study design, and analytical results.
	CADDIS Volume 5: Causal Databases	This volume of CADDIS gives users access to literature databases and associated tools for use in causal assessments.
	Calculation and Evaluation of Sediment Effect Concentrations for the Amphipod Hyalella azteca and the Midge Chironomus riparius	This report describes procedures for calculating and evaluating sediment effect concentrations (SECs) on the toxicity of contaminants associated with field-collected sediment to the amphipod Hyalella azteca and the midge Chironomus riparius.
	California Invasive Plant Council (Cal-IPC): Home Page	Cal-IPC helps to protect California’s lands and waters from ecologically-damaging invasive plants through science, education and policy. Cal-IPC assesses impacts of invasive plants, supports restoration workers and research, promotes public education, advocates for policy initiatives, reduces invasive plant introductions through horticulture, and coordinates statewide weed mapping.
	California Non-native Estuarine and Marine Organisms (Cal-NEMO)	Cal-NEMO contains information on marine and estuarine invertebrates and algae with established populations in California. This database includes overviews of species and taxonomic groups, detailed records on the history of spread, and references to available literature.
	California Wildlife Biology, Exposure Factor, and Toxicity (Cal/Ecotox) Database	This database compiles ecological, physiological, and toxicity data for many California mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish.
	CalWeedMapper	CalWeedMapper allows users to create maps and reports of invasive plant distributions, identify management opportunities in a specific county or region, and update species distribution data.
	Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines (CEQGs)	This guidance document provides science-based goals for the quality of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Information includes: chemical-specific guideline fact sheets, detailed tables that summarize recommended guidelines for different media, an interactive summary table that allows the ability to search CEQGs by chemical or chapter, spreadsheet calculators for the water quality, soil quality, and sediment quality indexes, and scientific criteria documents.
	Case Study: USEPA Benthic Invertebrate Risk Assessment for Endosulfan	This case study illustrates the methods and data considered by EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs in assessing pesticide risks to benthic invertebrates based on its recent environmental fate and ecological risk assessment for endosulfan.
	Causal Assessment of Biological Impairment in the Bogue Homo River, Mississippi Using the U.S. EPA's Stressor Identification Methodology	This case study describes impairments, identifies candidate causes, evaluates relationships between causes and biological response variables, and identifies the most likely causes of impairment in the Bogue Homo River, Mississippi. This assessment applies EPA's Stressor Identification (SI) framework as described in the Stressor Identification Guidance Document (2000).
	CCME Resource Browser (by Topic)	These documents include detailed scientific information and rationale for the derivation of Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines.
	Center for Exposure Assessment Modeling (CEAM)	EPA's Center for Exposure Assessment Modeling (CEAM) provides predictive exposure assessment techniques for aquatic, terrestrial, and multimedia pathways for organic chemicals and metals. Links to groundwater, surface water, terrestrial, and multimedia models are found on this website many of which are maintained by CEAM. Links to tools and models for calculating Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) are also available at this website.
	Chapter 2 – Problem Formulation. In Framework for Ecological Risk Assessment	Chapter 2 of this guidance document discusses problem formulation for ecological risk assessments including considerations for selecting measurement endpoints and development of the conceptual model.
	Chapter 26 – Ecological Risk Assessment. In Air Toxics Risk Assessment (ATRA) Reference Library Volume 1: Technical Resource Manual	This chapter provides information on how to complete the risk characterization step for ecological risk assessment, including the analysis of uncertainty, and how to present the results of the ecological risk assessment.
	Checklist of CITES Species	This checklist is an international agreement between governments that aims to ensure international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival. It includes more than 35,000 species of plants and animals and their degree of protection.
	Chemical Screening Tool For Exposures and Environmental Releases (ChemSTEER)	This model allows the user to estimate inhalation and dermal exposures to chemicals during chemical use and manufacture. Estimates also cover the releases of a chemical into the air, water, and land associated with occupational use. This model is designed so users can “build” assessments by providing key inputs or use pre-loaded industry-specific generic scenarios, which contain industry-specific process descriptions, mass balance data, pre-defined release and/or exposure models, and default input parameters.
	ChemIDplus Advanced	ChemIDplus is an NLM database containing a dictionary of over 400,000 chemicals (names, synonyms, and structures). ChemIDplus Advanced is a free, web search system that provides access to the structure and nomenclature authority files used for the identification of chemical substances cited in National Library of Medicine (NLM) databases, including the TOXNET system.
	Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) Data	CASTNET provides access to measured concentrations of criteria air pollutants from various rural monitoring sites around the U.S.; the user can assess trends in air quality, ecological effects, and atmospheric deposition.
	Clean Water Act Policy and Guidance	This page provides links to policy and technical guidance documents related to the Clean Water Act. Links related to wetlands, coral reefs, surface coal mining, and transportation are provided.
	Clutch Size	This memorandum from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service provides justification for considering reduction in clutch size as a significant measurement endpoint for ecological risk assessments.
	Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System (CMAQ)	CMAQ contains a suite of programs for conducting air quality model simulations. It is used to derive estimates of ozone, particulates, toxics, and acid deposition.
	Compilation of Air Pollutant Emissions Factors (AP-42)	This site provides fundamental tools used in developing inventories of air pollutant sources. EPA's AP-42 provides emission factors for various source categories (i.e., industry sectors or groups of similarly emitting sources).
	Computer Models for the Simulation of Contaminant Transport and Fate	This webpage provides links to computer models for the simulation of contaminant transport and fate in surface and ground water modeling. Investigations and research activities, fact sheets, science feature articles, bibliographies, and new publications are provided.
	Connectivity of Streams and Wetlands to Downstream Waters: A Review and Synthesis of the Scientific Evidence	This report summarizes scientific understanding about the connectivity and mechanisms by which streams and wetlands, singly or in aggregate, affect the physical, chemical, and biological integrity of downstream waters.
	Consensus-Based Sediment Quality Guidelines, Recommendations for Use & Application	This report describes sediment quality guidelines for commonly found, in place contaminants to serve as benchmark values for making comparisons to the concentrations of contaminant levels in sediments at sites under evaluation for various reasons.
	Consideration of Nontraditional Endpoints in the Assessment of Ecological Risk under the Endangered Species Act (ESA)	This resource addresses using nontraditional endpoints in ecological risk assessments for conserving endangered and threatened species.
	Copper Biotic Ligand Model	The Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) is a metal bioavailability model that uses receiving water body characteristics and monitoring data to develop site-specific water quality criteria. EPA developed the aquatic life freshwater quality criteria for copper based on the BLM.
	Critical Loads of Atmospheric Deposition Science Committee (CLAD): U.S. Critical Loads of Sulfur and Nitrogen Access Database	This database compiles empirical and calculated critical loads information with an emphasis on sulfur and nitrogen deposition and the effects on terrestrial and aquatic environments.
	Dam Removal: Science and Decision Making	This report emphasizes the potential environmental, economic, and social science aspects of dam removal, defines indicators for measuring or monitoring environmental, social, and economic outcomes of dam removal, and indicates sources of relevant data of use to decision makers.
	Database of Sources of Environmental Releases of Dioxin-Like Compounds in the United States	This resource is a repository of specific CDD/CDF emissions data from all known sources in the United States. The database information can be analyzed to track emissions of CDD/CDF over time, compare specific profiles between and among source categories, and develop source specific emission factors that can then be used to develop emission estimates.
	Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry List of Publications, Australia	This updated website from Australia's Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry provides a list of publications including ecological risk assessments and related information.
	Derived Water Quality Criteria	This database of standards from the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency allows the user to derive numeric water quality criteria values for any substance that does not already have a numeric standard in the Illinois Pollution Control Board (IPCB) regulations.
	Determination of the Biologically Relevant Sampling Depth for Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecological Risk Assessments	This report provides defensible approximations for determining the depth of the biologically active zone, or “biotic zone” in aquatic and terrestrial environments. In Part 1, biological activity was quantified in forests and grasslands as a function of depth across selected metrics. In Part 2, the biotic zone(s) in various habitats was based on the 80th percentile of abundance or biomass depth distributions.
	Developing Biological Indicators: Lessons Learned From Mid-Atlantic Streams	Lessons learned from the Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment (MAIA) pilot study for surface waters are outlined in this resource and highlight the steps involved in developing stream biological indicators for fish, macroinvertebrates, and periphyton.
	Development and Evaluation of Numerical Sediment Quality Assessment Guidelines for Florida Inland Waters, Technical Report	This technical report explains the development and evaluation of numerical sediment quality assessment guidelines (SQAGs) intended to support the assessments of sediment quality conditions in Florida inland waters, including effects-based and bioaccumulation-based SQAGs.
	Development and Validation of Bioaccumulation Models for Earthworms	This document provides a database of soil and tissue total concentrations for selected inorganic and organic chemicals.
	Development and Validation of Bioaccumulation Models for Small Mammals	This model uses a database of soil and small mammal contaminant concentration data from published literature for a number of contaminants, develops uptake factors and other bioaccumulation models from these data, and evaluates the accuracy of the estimates using independent data not used in model development.
	DFLOW Model	DFLOW is used to calculate design flow statistics for low flow analysis and water quality standards. The model uses daily stream flow records and calculates user-specified biologically-based design flows, hydrologically-based design flows, harmonic, and percentile flows. The model can be used to compare various design flow statistics for several water bodies.
	Early Detection and Distribution Mapping System (EDDMapS) Home	This mapping system contains over 2.6 million records developed for documenting invasive species distribution. This tool combines data from other databases and organizations to create a national network of invasive species distribution data.
	eChemPortal	eChemPortal provides information on physical chemical properties, ecotoxicity, environmental fate and behavior, and toxicity of chemicals. Users can search reports and datasets by chemical name, number, or property and also provides chemical exposure and use information.
	ECO Checklist	This checklist contains guidelines to those preparing ecological risk assessments for submission to the Department of Toxic Substances Control Site Mitigation or Permitting Branches.
	ECO Update, Volume 1, Number 1: The Role of Biological Technical Assistance Groups (BTAGS) in Ecological Assessment	This bulletin summarizes the BTAG structure and function in the Superfund process to describe how BTAGs can assist with the collection and evaluation of site information and ensure ecological effects are properly considered.
	ECO Update, Volume 1, Number 2: Ecological Assessment of Superfund Sites: An Overview	ECO Update is a bulletin series intended to facilitate ecological risk assessment (ERA) of Superfund sites. This bulletin offers a description of ecological assessment components and a discussion of how they fit into the Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study (RI/FS) process.
	ECO Update, Volume 1, Number 3: The Role of Natural Resource Trustees in the Superfund Process	This bulletin explains the authority and responsibilities of trustees, and the responsibility of Remedial Project Managers and On-Scene Coordinators with respect to trustee issues. This document is intended to aid these individuals in working with natural resource trustees during site assessment and remediation.
	ECO Update, Volume 1, Number 4: Developing a Work Scope for Ecological Assessments	This bulletin aids Remedial Project Managers in planning and managing ecological assessments of sites as part of the Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study process.
	ECO Update, Volume 1, Number 5: Briefing the Biological Technical Assistance Group (BTAG): Initial Description of Setting, History, and Ecology of a Site	This bulletin focuses on the first opportunity that a Remedial Project Manager has for conferring with the BTAG about possible ecological effects at a site.
	ECO Update, Volume 2, Number 1: Using Toxicity Tests in Ecological Risk Assessment	This bulletin describes measurement endpoints in toxicity testing, elements in a toxicity assessment, and the general guidelines for choosing toxicity tests.
	ECO Update, Volume 2, Number 2: Catalogue of Standard Toxicity Tests for Ecological Risk Assessment	This bulletin serves as the companion to Using Toxicity Tests in Ecological Risk Assessments and contains a list of standardized aquatic, sediment, terrestrial, and microbial toxicity tests currently in use at Superfund sites.
	ECO Update, Volume 2, Number 3: Field Studies for Ecological Risk Assessment	This bulletin series, intended to facilitate ecological risk assessment (ERA) of Superfund sites, contains information on conducting field studies.
	ECO Update, Volume 2, Number 4: Selecting and Using Reference Information in Superfund Ecological Risk Assessments	This bulletin defines reference information, existing relevant data, models, reference samples, and how to use reference information in ecological risk assessments.
	ECO Update, Volume 3, Number 1: Ecological Significance and Selection of Candidate Assessment Endpoints	This bulletin provides guidance to Superfund risk assessors and risk managers on planning ecological risk assessments at Superfund sites.
	ECO Update, Volume 3, Number 2: Ecotox Thresholds	This bulletin provides an overview of the development and use of the Ecotox Threshold benchmark values in Superfund ecological risk assessments.
	ECO Update: Ground Water Forum Issue Paper. Evaluating Ground-Water/Surface-Water Transition Zones in Ecological Risk Assessments	ECO Update is a bulletin series intended to facilitate ecological risk assessment (ERA) of Superfund sites. This ECO update jointly produced by the Ecological Risk Assessment Forum and the Ground Water Forum provides a framework for incorporating groundwater/surface-water (GW/SW) interactions into existing ERAs.
	ECO Update: The Role of Screening-Level Risk Assessments and Refining Contaminants of Concern in Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment	This bulletin describes the purpose of screening-level and baseline ecological risk assessments.
	An Ecological Assessment of Invasive and Aggressive Plant Species in Coastal Wetlands of the Laurentian Great Lakes: A Combined Field-Based and Remote-Sensing Approach	This study uses ground-based vegetation sampling to calibrate remote sensing data to develop spectral "signatures" of invasive/aggressive species to address the ecological vulnerability of coastal wetlands. This study focuses on wetlands along the coastal regions of Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake St. Clair, and Lake Erie that represent a full range of disturbance conditions in the lake basins.
	Ecological Assessments, West Virginia	This webpage provides a list of ecological risk assessments of watersheds in West Virginia, assessing three main aspects of watershed health: water quality, habitat condition, and benthic macroinvertebrate community status.
	Ecological Effects of Small Dams	This study involves a regional assessment of the effects of different-sized dams on important components of the ecosystem including river channel structure, water quality, algae, benthic macroinvertebrates, fish, and streamside vegetation.
	Ecological Evaluation Technical Guidance: Version 2.0	This document provides guidance on conducting an ecological evaluation and an ecological risk assessment for environmentally sensitive natural resources associated with contaminated sites. This document also describes the derivation of site-specific ecological risk-based remediation goals and risk management decisions.
	Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) Workshops	A series of Consensus Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) Workshops sponsored by the U.S. Coast Guard began in the 1990s to help participants learn and practice a simplified risk assessment method that assessors can apply without extensive training. This site provides links to workshop reports and other related resources.
	Ecological Risk Assessment for French Gulch/Wellington-Oro Mine Site	This report is an ecological risk assessment for the French Gulch/Wellington-Oro Mine Site near Breckenridge, Colorado, to describe the likelihood, nature, and extent of adverse effects which environmental chemical contamination may be having on the ecological receptors at the site.
	Ecological Risk Assessment for Pesticides: Technical Overview	This technical overview describes the screening-level assessment process (by phases) that U.S. EPA uses to evaluate the potential impact of pesticides to non-target organisms.
	Ecological Risk Assessment Framework for Low-Altitude Overflights by Fixed-Wing and Rotary-Wing Military Aircraft	This report provides guidance for conducting ecological risk assessments for low-altitude overflights of military aircraft. The problem formulation (planning) process is emphasized, to be of greater use to decision makers.
	Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance Document	This document describes methodologies needed to conduct consistent and protective ecological risk assessments. It is no longer online, but could be found in most Ohio public libraries and the state library of Ohio. Information and copies may be obtained by writing to "Voluntary Action Program, Lazarus Government Center, P.O. Box 1049, Columbus, OH" 43216-1049.
	Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance Document (2020)	This document was developed by the Contaminated Sites Working Group. It revises Federal Contaminated Sites Action Plan (FCSAP) Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance (Government of Canada n.d.). The FCSAP Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance focusses on federal sites. CCME has modified the FCSAP Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance document to ensure it is applicable to all jurisdictions and aligns with CCME’s original Framework for Ecological Risk Assessment: General Guidance (1996).
	Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (ERAGS): Process for Designing and Conducting Ecological Risk Assessments – Interim Final	This document provides guidance to site managers and Remedial Project Managers who are legally responsible for the management of a site on how to design and conduct technically defensible ecological risk assessments for the Superfund program. It supersedes EPA's 1989 Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, Volume 2, Environmental Evaluation Manual as guidance on how to design and conduct an ecological risk assessment under Superfund.
	Ecological Risk Assessment in the Federal Government	This report from 1999, prepared by an interagency work group, documents the major uses of ecological risk assessment by Federal agencies. Task groups addressed: the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA); the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA); the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA); nonindigenous species; ecological assessments in ecosystem management; agricultural ecosystems; the endangered/threatened species; and oil spills (accidental releases). Examples of ecological risk assessments are included.
	Ecological Risk Assessment of Munitions Compounds on Coral and Coral Reef Health	This project investigates whether munitions compounds or their breakdown products impact corals and determines the ecological risk they may pose to coral and coral reef health.
	Ecological Risk Assessment Support Center (ERASC)	ERASC includes information on ecological risk assessment at hazardous waste sites for EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) and the Office of Resource Conservation and Recovery (ORCR).
	Ecological Risk Assessment, Connecticut	This webpage provides links to resources, including Connecticut's water quality standards and remediation standard regulations.
	Ecological Risk Assessment. Chapter 6 in Environmental Risk Assessment: Approaches, Experiences, and Information Sources	This European Environment Agency chapter provides basic information on ecological risk assessment methodology. Links to databases, models, and publications are provided at this website.
	Ecological Risk Assessment: Consensus Workshop, Environmental Tradeoffs Associated with Oil Spill Response Technologies	This report provides details on the workshop held by the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) Sector Anchorage, to evaluate the relative risk to natural resources from various oil spill response-options. This workshop was designed to emphasize cooperative decision-making if a spill were to threaten resources in the Northwest Arctic Alaska.
	Ecological Risk Assessments, Texas	This webpage provides guidance on ecological risk assessments at remediation sites in Texas, including how to determine representative concentrations of chemicals of concern for ecological receptors, how to determine PCLs for surface water and sediment, and common issues encountered during the review of ecological risk assessments.
	Ecological Risks Associated with Oyster Restoration Options for Chesapeake Bay	This article describes an ecological risk assessment conducted to evaluate costs and benefits of alternative approaches to oyster restoration in Chesapeake Bay, USA, including the intentional introduction of a non-native Asian oyster species.
	Ecological Screening Assessment Report on Perfluorooctane Sulfonate, Salts and Precursors	This assessment report provides information on the use and sources, fate, exposure, and effects of PFOS.
	Ecological Screening Assessment Report on Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs)	This assessment report provides information on the use and sources, fate, exposure, and effects of PBDEs.
	Ecological Site Information System (ESIS)	This application allows for the automatic production of ecological site descriptions from a collection of forestland and rangeland plot data.
	Ecological Structure Activity Relationships (ECOSAR) Predictive Model	ECOSAR is a computerized program that uses structure activity relationships to predict acute and chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms such as fish, aquatic invertebrates, and aquatic plants.
	EcoNOTE 1	EcoNOTE 1 provides a recommendation for a default soil interval for burrowing mammals in an ecological risk assessment.
	EcoNOTE 2	EcoNOTE 2 provides guidance related to calculating the intake for vertebrate receptors in a Phase I Predictive Assessment and recommends a two-phase methodology.
	EcoNOTE 3	EcoNOTE 3 provides a recommendation for calculating an action level/preliminary cleanup goal for dibutyltin (DBT) in surface, group, and sediment interstitial water for protection of saltwater aquatic life.
	EcoNOTE 4	EcoNOTE 4 addresses the use of Navy/Biological Technical Assistance Group (BTAG) Toxicity Reference Values (TRVs) in ecological risk assessment.
	EcoNOTE 5	EcoNOTE 5 provides justification and rationale for the Biological Technical Assistance Group (BTAG) Mammalian Toxicity Reference Value (TRV) for lead.
	EcoNOTE 6: Cadmium	EcoNOTE 6 provides justification and rationale for the revision of the cadmium Toxicity Reference Value (TRV) for birds used by regulatory agencies and resource trustees in California for predictive ecological risk assessments.
	Ecoregions Website	This website provides information about ecoregions and how they depict areas of similarity in the mosaic of biotic, abiotic, terrestrial, and aquatic ecosystem components, with humans being considered as part of the biota. This webpage also allows users to view and download ecoregions maps and GIS datasets for spatial analysis.
	ECORISK Database	This screening tool was developed to be used in conjunction with the laboratory's screening-level ecological risk assessment methods, revision 3, to evaluate impacts from chemicals and radionuclides in soil, water, sediment, and air on the ecological receptors (or biota) at the laboratory.
	Ecosystem Services as Assessment Endpoints in Ecological Risk Assessment Technical Background Paper	This background paper for the 2nd edition of the Generic Ecological Assessment Endpoints (GEAEs) describes the science linking the use of ecosystem services to the structure and function of ecosystems and traditional ecological endpoints.
	Ecosystem Services in EnviroAtlas	This webpage defines ecosystem services and describes the seven broad benefit categories to organize EnviroAtlas's information and data on ecosystem services.
	Ecotoxicity: Endpoints; Ecotoxicity Categories for Terrestrial and Aquatic Organisms	This resource describes how U.S. EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) uses ecotoxicity data by a five- or three-step scale of toxicity to develop a pesticide's ecological effects characterization. A table of ecotoxicity categories for terrestrial and aquatic organisms by toxicity category and type of animal is included.
	Ecotoxicology	The Ecotoxicology Program within CalEPA's Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) advances the science and practice of ecological risk assessment. The program develops tools and technical resources to assess the impacts of chemical, physical, and biological stressors on ecosystems.
	ECOTOXicology Knowledgebase (ECOTOX)	ECOTOX allows the user to query single chemical toxicity data for aquatic and terrestrial plants and wildlife. The database combines information from three databases: AQUIRE, PHYTOTOX, and TERRETOX. ECOTOX can be searched for aquatic or terrestrial data using one or more of the following parameters: chemical (name or CAS no.), taxonomy (e.g., species name), test results (e.g., endpoint), and various test conditions (e.g., field test, freshwater, diet).
	Ecotoxicology Research Reports: Methods for Estimating Daily Food Intake of Wild Birds and Mammals and more	HSE have collated a list of research reports that are useful for ecotoxicology risk assessment.Specifically, Defra's science and research projects database lists all research themes under the field of study of 'pesticide safety' and provides a summary, objectives and final project report for each project.
	Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Terrestrial Plants and Animals: A Workshop Report	This workshop report, prepared by the U.S. DOE Air, Water, and Radiation Division, provides guidelines for the protection of terrestrial biota and evaluates the adequacy of current approaches to radiological protection.
	The Effects of Mountaintop Mines and Valley Fills on Aquatic Ecosystems of the Central Appalachian Coalfields	This report assesses the environmental impacts of Mountaintop Mines and Valley Fills on streams in the Central Appalachian Coalfields.
	Empirical Models for the Uptake of Inorganic Chemicals from Soil by Plants	This document provides regression models and uptake factors to estimate the uptake of inorganic elements by above-ground plant tissues.
	Endangered Species Conservation	This NOAA website provides links to NOAA documents developed under the ESA. It also provides a directory of endangered and threatened marine species over which NOAA Fisheries has jurisdiction.
	Endangered Species Effects Determinations, Consultations, and Biological Opinions	This resource from EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) contains an overview of the ecological risk assessment process and endangered and threatened species effects determination procedures. The report describes OPP's screening-level and species-specific risk assessment processes for endangered and threatened (listed) species of aquatic life, wildlife, and plants.
	Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP)	This website provides links to resources related to EPA’s Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP). The EDSP has developed a two-tiered approach to screen contaminants for their potential effect on estrogen, androgen, and thyroid hormone systems (Tier 1) and test contaminants for adverse endocrine-related effects to establish quantitative dose-response relationships (Tier 2).
	Endosulfan Risk Characterization Document: Volume III: Environmental Fate	This report details the environmental fate and persistence of endosulfan in water, atmosphere, water/sediments and biota, including regional and remote transportation in the environment.
	EnviroAtlas	EnviroAtlas is designed to identify and understand ecosystem goods and services. Tools are available to access, view, and analyze information including an interactive map, downloadable GIS toolboxes, and national and community level data related to ecosystem services.
	EnviroAtlas Eco-Health Relationship Browser	This interactive tool illustrates scientific evidence for linkages between human health and ecosystem services.
	Envirofacts	This data source provides access to several U.S. EPA databases, including TRI, CERCLIS, RadNet and others that contain information about environmental activities that may affect air, water, and land in the United States.
	Environmental Chemistry Methods (ECM)	This EPA website describes environmental chemistry methods (ECMs) for soil and water used to determine the fate of pesticides in the environment. ECMs are listed by analyte and include matrix, method date, registrant, analysis, and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for each; EPA reviews of the methods are also provided, if available.
	Environmental Measurements and Modeling	This webpage describes data collection activities or investigations involving the assessment of chemical, physical, or biological factors in the environment which affect human health or the quality of life.
	Environmental Measurements and Modeling: Collection of Methods	This website provides access to a wide variety of methods including air and radiation; waste testing; drinking water, waste water and marine water methods; and others.
	Environmental Protection Indicators for California (EPIC)	The EPIC project, led by CalEPA's Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), develops and maintains environmental indicators for California that are used to track environmental conditions (i.e., trends) over time. Examples of environmental indicators include the level of air pollution; volume of solid waste generation, diversion, and disposal; status of a threatened or endangered species; and extent of change in forest acreage.
	Environmental Residue-Effects Database (ERED)	ERED is a collection of residue-effects data obtained from peer-reviewed literature and reports submitted by U.S. government agencies. The ERED data are useful for comparing measured tissue concentrations from a bioaccumulation test to published information that describes the relationship between contaminant tissue concentration and the likelihood of an adverse effect.
	Environmental Response Management Application (ERMA)	This online mapping tool contains static and real-time data including ship locations, weather, and ocean currents. This tool provides environmental responders and decision makers with a centralized, easy-to-use format.
	Environmental Risk Assessment, Nebraska	This Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services webpage provides general information on environmental risk assessments.
	Environmental Risk Assessment. Chapter 3 in Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment	This European Chemicals Bureau (ECB) general guidance document from 2003 includes sections on environmental exposure assessment, effects assessment, and conducing a marine environmental risk assessment.
	Environmental Screening Levels (ESLs)	This database provides conservative screening levels for more than 100 chemicals commonly found at sites with contaminated soil and groundwater to identify and evaluate potential environmental concerns at these sites.
	Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) Maps	This website contains maps that provide a concise summary of coastal resources (biological resources, sensitive shorelines, and human-use resources) that are at risk if an oil spill occurs nearby. This data source can also be used to identify vulnerable locations, establish protection priorities, and identify cleanup strategies before a spill happens.
	Essential Fish Habitat Mapper	This tool from NOAA displays maps for essential fish habitat, habitat areas of particular concern, and EFH areas protected from fishing. Users can generate reports with supporting documentation for species that spawn, grow, or live in a particular location by lifestage.
	Estimating Exposure of Terrestrial Wildlife to Contaminants	This report describes a model for exposure of terrestrial wildlife to contaminants, methods for estimating parameters of the model, species-specific parameters for endpoint species on the Oak Ridge Reservation, and a sample application.
	Estimation of Biota Sediment Accumulation Factor (BSAF) from Paired Observations of Chemical Concentrations in Biota and Sediment	This 2009 report provides information on methodologies to estimate BSAFs. It is focused on the determination of BSAFs for nonionic organic chemicals and is primarily applicable to fish and high level shellfish (e.g., crabs). It does not dicuss the determination of BSAFs for metals.
	Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite	EPI Suite is a Microsoft Windows-based collection of physical/chemical property and environmental fate estimation programs developed by EPA's Office of Pollution Prevention Toxics (OPPT) and Syracuse Research Corporation (SRC).
	Evaluating Ecological Risk to Invertebrate Receptors from PAHs in Sediments at Hazardous Waste Sites	This report provides an overview of an approach for assessing risk to invertebrate receptors resulting from exposure to PAHs in contaminated sediments.
	Evaluative Level I, II, III Fugacity Models (CEMC)	This website provides information on a series of fugacity models (each providing a progression of understanding) used for evaluating chemical behavior (partitioning, primary loss mechanisms, tendency for intermedia transport).
	Exposure Analysis Modeling System (EXAMS)	The Exposure Analysis Modeling System (EXAMS) is an interactive software application for formulating aquatic ecosystem models and rapidly evaluating the fate, transport, and exposure concentrations of synthetic organic chemicals including pesticides, industrial materials, and leachates from disposal sites.
	Exposure Model for Soil-Organic Fate and Transport (EMSOFT)	EMSOFT is a screening model to estimate concentrations of contaminants in the soil over a given time and the rate of transfer of contaminants into the atmosphere over time and contaminant air concentrations. EMSOFT can also estimate average contaminant concentrations at a given soil depth over time.
	EXPRESS (EXAMS – PRZM Exposure Simulation Shell)	This model allows the user to combine the regulatory simulation model EXAMS and PRZM, their supporting databases, regulatory “scenarios” for major crops, and data input screens for chemical properties into a user-friendly “simulation shell” to allow for consistent analytical practices and reproducible exposure and risk assessments.
	A Field-Based Aquatic Life Benchmark for Conductivity in Central Appalachian Streams	This report describes a method to characterize the relationship between the extirpation (the effective extinction) of invertebrate genera and salinity (measured as conductivity) and from that relationship derives a freshwater aquatic life benchmark.
	Final Ecosystem Goods and Services Classification System (FEGS-CS)	This classification system describes the biophysical components produced and derived from nature (i.e., ecosystem services) and the identification of an explicit human beneficiary of those specific goods and services.
	Find Endangered Species	This database allows users to search for endangered plants and animals by state and U.S. territories, county, and species name.
	Fish and Aquatic Conservation: Aquatic Invasive Species	This website provides links related to the national fish hatchery system, species and habitat conservation, and invasive species.
	Five Year Review of the Whitewood Creek Superfund Site Lead, South Dakota	This document details a five-year review of the baseline ecological risk assessment for the former Whitewood Creek Superfund site in Whitewood, South Dakota.
	Florida Sediment Guidelines	These guidelines from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection provide guidance to scientists and managers when interpreting sediment quality data. Links are provided to guidelines for marine/estuarine and freshwater systems.
	Food and Gill Exchange of Toxic Substances (FGETS)	FGETS is a food chain model that predicts chemical concentrations in fish whole body over time, considering the biological attributes of the fish and the physicochemical properties of the chemical.
	Food Chain Models to Assess Exposures	This site provides links to six food chain models and allows the user to determine exposure levels and effects of environmental contaminants on organisms that make up the food chain. Models include: Acute-to-Chronic Estimation (ACE) with Time-Concentration-Effect Models; Bioaccumulation and Aquatic System Simulator (BASS); Food and Gill Exchange of Toxic Substances (FGETS) simulation model; Spreadsheet-based Ecological Risk Assessment for the Fate of Mercury (SERAFM) modeling system; Web-based Interspecies Correlation Estimation (Web-ICE) application; and Watershed Health Assessment Tools Investigating Fisheries (WHATIF) software.
	Forest Health Monitoring	This website allows users to determine the status and trends for indicators of forest condition on an annual basis using data from ground plots and surveys; aerial surveys; and other biotic and abiotic data sources.
	Framework for Application of the Toxicity Equivalence Methodology for Polychlorinated Dioxins, Furans, and Biphenyls in Ecological Risk Assessment	This framework provides an introduction to the toxicity equivalence methodology, offers considerations for how and when to apply it, and presents practical examples of its use in ecological risk assessments that involve dioxins and dioxin-like chemicals.
	A Framework for Assessing and Reporting on Ecological Condition: An SAB Report	This 2002 report offers an organizational tool to assist with developing, assembling, and reporting on information about the health of ecological systems. The proposed framework also provides a checklist of ecological attributes that should be considered when designing ecological risk assessments, setting ecological research priorities, and developing ecological management objectives.
	A Framework for Assessing Ecological Risks of Petroleum-Derived Materials in Soil	This report provides a framework that applies the standard ecological risk assessment paradigm to the specific problem of assessing the ecological risks of petroleum in soil.
	Framework for Developing Suspended and Bedded Sediment (SABS) Water Quality Criteria	This resource for states, tribes, and regions describes an integrative assessment process for developing water quality criteria for suspended and bedded sediments in aquatic environments.
	Framework for Ecological Risk Assessment	This resource was intended to provide a flexible model for conducting and evaluating ecological risk assessments within EPA. It has been superseded by EPA's 1998 Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment.
	Framework for Metals Risk Assessment	The Framework for Metals Risk Assessment identifies the unique properties, issues, and processes that risk assessors need to consider when evaluating metal compounds in EPA risk assessments.
	A Framework for Net Environmental Benefit Analysis for Remediation or Restoration of Contaminated Sites	This report provides a framework that applies the standard ecological risk assessment paradigm to the specific problem of assessing the ecological risks of petroleum in soil.
	Freshwater Biological Traits Database	The Freshwater Biological Traits Database contains traits data for 3,857 North American macroinvertebrate taxa, and includes habitat, life history, mobility, morphology and ecological trait data. The traits data were gathered from multiple sources, which are listed on the web site under, ""Data Source"".
	Freshwater Sediment Screening Benchmarks	This webpage provides a hierarchy for the selection of freshwater sediment benchmarks and presents freshwater sediment screening benchmarks in Region 3.
	Gathering Information for Watershed Ecological Assessments: A Review of Ten Watershed Assessments	This 2000 report provides an introduction to the types and sources of information that are available for conducting watershed ecological risk assessments.
	GCSOLAR Program	This program allows the user to compute direct photolysis rates and half-lives of pollutants in the aquatic environment.
	Generic Ecological Assessment Endpoints (GEAEs) for Ecological Risk Assessment: Second Edition	The 2016 GEAEs for Ecological Risk Assessment is the second edition and was developed to assist EPA risk assessors conducting ecological risk assessments in considering ecosystem services when selecting assessment endpoints. Assessing risks to ecosystem services can highlight potential assessment endpoints that are not considered in conventional risk assessments such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, and soil formation.
	Geospatial Multi-Agency Coordination (GeoMAC) wildland fire perimeters, 2008	The Geospatial Multi-Agency Coordination (GeoMAC) has been collecting and storing data on wildland fire perimeters since August 2000. The dataset presented via this U.S. Geological Survey Data Series product contains the GeoMAC wildland fire perimeter data for the calendar year 2008, which are based upon input from incident intelligence sources, Global Positioning System (GPS) data, and infrared (IR) imagery. Wildland fire perimeter data are obtained from the incidents, evaluated for completeness and accuracy, and processed to reflect consistent field names and attributes.
	Global Invasive Species Database	This database contains invasive species around the globe to increase awareness and to facilitate effective prevention and management techniques.
	The Great Lakes	This website provides links to reports and other publications that address the Great Lakes basin, including resources related to water quality, air quality, invasive species, and contaminated sediments.
	Great Lakes Fish Monitoring and Surveillance Program (GLFMSP)	On a yearly basis, GLFMSP collects fish from each Great Lake and analyzes them for bioaccumulative contaminants and assesses trends in contaminant levels. The GLFMSP consists of two programs—Open Lakes Trend Monitoring Program and Emerging Chemical Surveillance Program.
	Guidance for Developing Ecological Soil Screening Levels	This document provides guidance on the process used to derive a set of risk-based ecological soil screening levels. Appendix A contains a database on background soil concentration.
	Guidance for Developing Ecological Soil Screening Levels (Eco-SSLs): Exposure Factors and Bioaccumulation Models for Derivation of Wildlife Eco-SSLs	Chapter 3 of this document provides information on estimating bioaccumulation of contaminants in plants, small mammals, and birds.
	Guidance for Ecological Risk Assessment: Levels I, II, III, IV	This resource from the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality describes a four-level ecological risk assessment process: Scoping (Level I), Screening (Level II), Baseline (Level III), and Field Baseline (Level IV).
	Guidance for Ecological Risk Assessments (EcoNOTES)	EcoNOTES outlines specific issues that have arisen subsequent to the release of the California Department of Toxic Substances Control Guidance for Ecological Risk Assessment Parts A and B in 1996. This resource provides clarification for specific issues not directly addressed in the 1996 guidance documents, including calculation of intake for vertebrate receptors, depths of burrows for burrowing animals, and other chemical-specific clarifications.
	Guidance for Ecological Risk Assessments at Hazardous Waste Sites and Permitted Facilities, Part A: Overview	This guidance document is one of the series of the Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) guidelines for the investigation, monitoring, and remediation of hazardous waste sites and facilities. It provides a general framework for conducting ecological risk assessments.
	Guidance for Ecological Risk Assessments at Hazardous Waste Sites and Permitted Facilities, Part B: Scoping Assessment	This guidance document is one of the series of the Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) guidelines for the investigation, monitoring, and remediation of hazardous waste sites and facilities. This document provides a detailed description of the contents of the initial Scoping Assessment.
	Guidance for Reporting on the Environmental Fate and Transport of the Stressors of Concern in Problem Formulations	This document provides information on estimating chemical and physical properties of chemicals and other environmental fate properties including sorption, degradation, dissipation, and bioconcentration that are relevant to characterizing environmental fate and transport.
	Guidance for Stressor Identification of Biologically Impaired Aquatic Resources in Washington State	This Washington State guidance document uses the Stressor Identification method for addressing biological impairment in water bodies and provides a process for identifying stressors when a biological impairment has been identified.
	Guidance for the Use and Application of Sediment Quality Targets (SQTs) for the Protection of Sediment-Dwelling Organisms in Minnesota	This webpage defines sediment quality targets (SQTs) and links the guidance document that describes the use and application of numerical SQTs to water bodies within Minnesota.
	Guidance on Soil Performance Standards	This report explains the use of soil performance standards and their application to the closure of contaminated sites.
	Guide for Developing Conceptual Models for Ecological Risk Assessments	This resource provides guidance for preparing conceptual models for ecological risk assessments. Generic conceptual models are presented for four types of operable units (OUs): source OUs, aquatic integrator OUs, groundwater integrator OUs, and terrestrial integrator OUs. The guidance describes the use of these generic models to develop site-specific models and how the ecological conceptual model can be integrated with a conceptual model for the site and made consistent with the conceptual model of human health risks.
	Guide for Developing Data Quality Objectives for Ecological Risk Assessment at DOE Oak Ridge Operations Facilities	This paper presents guidance for developing data quality objectives for ecological risk assessments performed as components of the Remedial Investigation process.
	Guide for Performing Screening Ecological Risk Assessments at DOE Facilities	This technical memorandum presents guidance for performing screening ecological risk assessments at U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) facilities.
	Guide to federally listed endangered and threatened species of North Carolina	This document provides species accounts of endangered and threatened species of North Carolina, grouped by mammals, birds, reptiles, fishes, and invertebrates (the latter subdivided into mollusks-bivalves, mollusks-gastropods, and arachnids), and then plants (subdivided into vascular plants and nonvascular plants.
	A Guide to the ORNL Ecotoxicological Screening Benchmarks: Background, Development, and Application	This guidance document provides the U.S. Department of Energy program managers and contractors with a better understanding of the ORNL ecotoxicological screening benchmarks.
	Guidelines for the Bioremediation of Oil-Contaminated Salt Marshes	These EPA guidelines provide an overview of bioremediation options for salt marshes including the characteristics of coastal wetlands, oil spill threats and countermeasures, and relevant research. Guidelines for design and planning of oil bioremediation in salt marshes are also addressed, including site characterization and evaluation, selection of appropriate bioremediation technologies, and the design of sampling and monitoring programs.
	Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses	These 1985 EPA guidelines describe an objective, internally consistent, appropriate, and feasible way of deriving national criteria for the protection of aquatic ecosystems. The derivation of numerical national water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic organism and their uses is a complex process that uses information from many areas of aquatic toxicology. In 2013, EPA published a revision to one of its recommended procedures for deriving site-specific water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic life that is also available at this link.
	Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment	U.S. EPA's Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment expand on and replace the 1992 Framework for Ecological Risk Assessment. These guidelines were developed to improve the quality and consistency of EPA's ecological risk assessments. They provide examples for a wide range of systems, stressors, and biological, spatial, and temporal scales.
	Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs)	This website provides information on harmful algal blooms, including distribution, effect on climate change, prevention, and monitoring.
	Historical Water Quality Criteria Documents	This webpage provides water quality criteria resource documents from the 1980s for multiple analytes.
	How to Measure the Effects of Acid Deposition: A Framework for Ecological Assessments	This 2001 handbook describes a process and provides general guidelines that states and tribal nations can follow in beginning to assess ecological benefits resulting from the emission reductions achieved under Title IV of the Clean Air Act Amendments. Information on basic assessment approaches, relevant national monitoring programs, as well as the availability of modeling data are discussed.
	Hudson River PCBs Ecological Risk Assessment: Executive Summary	This document presents the baseline ecological risk assessment for the Hudson River PCBs site in New York. This ecological risk assessment evaluates the current and future risks to the environment in the Upper Hudson River (Hudson Falls, NY to Federal Dam at Troy, NY) and the current risks to the environment in the Lower Hudson River (Federal Dam to the Battery in New York City) posed by PCBs in the absence of remediation.
	Human and Ecological Risk Assessment of Coal Combustion Wastes	This summary document describes the background for the regulation and study of coal combustion wastes and the risk assessment methodology used to evaluate these wastes' potential impact on the environment.
	Hungry Pests	This website provides information on invasive pests, how they spread, and their distribution in the United States.
	Hydrodynamic, Sediment, and Contaminant Transport Model (HSCTM2D)	This modeling system allows the user to simulate two-dimensional, vertically-integrated, surface water flow (typically riverine or estuarine hydrodynamics), sediment transport, and contaminant transport.
	Hydrologic Data & Models	This resource from the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science is an internet-based system for sharing hydrologic data that allows for the publication, discovery and access of data.
	Hydrological Simulation Program – Fortran (HSPF)	This comprehensive package allows the user to perform an integrated simulation of land and soil contaminant runoff processes to simulate hydrology and associated water quality of sediment-chemical interactions.
	Identification of Most Probable Stressors to Aquatic Life in the Touchet River, Washington	This report is a screening causal assessment of the Touchet River in eastern Washington State—a sub-watershed of the Walla Walla River. This assessment applies EPA's Stressor Identification (SI) framework as described in the Stressor Identification Guidance Document (2000).
	The Incidence and Severity of Sediment Contamination in Surface Waters of the United States, National Sediment Quality Survey: 2nd edition	This report addresses the accumulation of chemical contaminants in river, lake, ocean, and estuary bottoms and includes a screening-level assessment of the potential for associated adverse effects on environmental health.
	InciWeb: Current Incidents	InciWeb is an interagency all-risk incident information management system. This tool provides information on active fires, fire response, and evacuations, including type of fire, location, status, and size in acres.
	Individual Body Weight Files	Individual body weights are provided for the following species: American kestrel, American robin, California quail, Cooper’s hawk, great blue heron, northern harrier, mourning dove, red tailed hawk, and sharp shinned hawk.
	Individuals versus Organisms versus Populations in the Definition of Ecological Assessment Endpoints	This article provides continued clarification of the concepts of ecological assessment endpoints and of levels of biological organization to benefit the U.S. EPA in ecological risk assessment.
	Inferring Causes of Biological Impairment in the Clear Fork Watershed, West Virginia	This report identifies and ranks probable physical, chemical, and biological stressors that have impaired the aquatic community in Clear Fork of Coal River, West Virginia.
	Information on Chemicals	This tool provides information on chemicals manufactured and imported in Europe. It includes data on hazardous properties, classification and labelling, and safety information including safer alternatives. Data are included for more than 120,000 chemicals, including a brief profile and detailed source data.
	Insects & Pollinators	This website provides information on insects and other pollinators (and how they pollinate) It also describes the decline of many species of pollinators and conservation efforts.
	Integrated Climate and Land-Use Scenarios (ICLUS)	The ICLUS project explores future changes in human population, housing density, and impervious surface for the United States.
	Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) for Lead	This report provides a synthesis and evaluation of the scientific evidence for EPA’s decision regarding the adequacy of the current national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for lead to protect human health, public welfare, and the environment. Chapter 6 synthesizes and evaluates the relevant science to help form the foundation for the review of the secondary (welfare-based) NAAQS for lead.
	Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) for Oxides of Nitrogen and Sulfur – Ecological Criteria	This section of the ISA for Oxides of Nitrogen and Sulfur – Ecological Criteria summarizes current ecological modeling networks as well as the primary long-term monitoring sites and programs in the U.S. to simulate environmental responses to atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen deposition.
	Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) for Oxides of Nitrogen, Oxides of Sulfur and Particulate Matter - Ecological Criteria (First External Review Draft)	This report provides a synthesis and evaluation of the scientific evidence aimed at characterizing ecological effects caused by oxides of nitrogen, oxides of sulfur, and particulate matter (PM).
	Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) of Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants	This report provides a synthesis and evaluation of the scientific evidence for EPA’s decision regarding the adequacy of the current national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for ozone to protect human health, public welfare, and the environment. Chapter 9 synthesizes and evaluates the relevant science to help form the scientific foundation for the review of a vegetation- and ecologically-based secondary NAAQS for ozone.
	Integrating Ecological Assessment and Decision-Making at EPA: A Path Forward - Results of a Colloquium in Response to Science Advisory Board and National Research Council Recommendations	This report summarizes recommendations from an Intra-Agency Colloquium to improve ecological risk assessment practices at EPA. The report includes technical recommendations for improving assessment practice including the development of guidance on linkage of assessment endpoints to ecosystem services, weighing multiple types of evidence in assessments, and quality assurance for assessments.
	Integrating Ecological Risk Assessment and Economic Analysis in Watersheds: A Conceptual Approach and Three Case Studies	This 2003 document discusses the integration of ecological risk assessment (ERA) and economics, with an emphasis on the watershed as the scale for analysis using three case studies.
	Internet Geographical Exposure Modeling System/Chemical Safety Mapper (IGEMS/CSM)	IGEMS incorporates models and data for ambient air, surface water, soil, and ground water in one system. Each model produces results that can be saved and used with statistical software applications or other database programs. IGEMS can create graphics and Geographical Information System (GIS) files for displaying environmental modeling results. The CSM module allows modeling over the web using environmental models, databases, and GIS applications.
	Invasive Non-Native Species	This EPA webpage provides information about non-native invasive species.
	Invasive Species	This interactive geonarrative leads viewers through an overview of USGS invasive species research. USGS invasive species research encompasses all significant groups of invasive organisms in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems throughout the United States, directly supporting risk assessment, prevention, early detection, rapid response, monitoring, and control efforts.
	Invasive Species in the Great Lakes	This tool describes information about invasive species in the Great Lakes, what the EPA and other agencies are doing about them, and related links for further information.
	Issuance of Final Guidance: Ecological Risk Assessment and Risk Management Principles for Superfund Sites, October 7, 1999	This guidance is intended to help Superfund risk managers make ecological risk management decisions that are based on sound science, consistent across Regions, and present a characterization of site risks that is transparent to the public.
	Issue Paper on the Bioavailability and Bioaccumulation of Metals	This paper summarizes the state of the science associated with assessments of metal bioavailability and bioaccumulation in aquatic and terrestrial organisms.
	Issue Paper on Metal Exposure Assessment	This paper presents the results of a working group to develop a consistent means of assessing hazards and risks of metals. Exposure to aquatic, terrestrial, and human health receptors are addressed including considerations for background exposure, methods to estimate exposure, and potential pathways for metal exposure.
	An Iterative Approach for Identifying the Causes of Reduced Benthic Macroinvertebrate Diversity in the Willimantic River, Connecticut	This case study used an iterative approach to identify stressors in the Willimantic River. Impairments were characterized by reduced diversity of benthic invertebrates and U.S. EPA's 2000 Stressor Identification Guidance was used to identify the cause of biological impairment.
	Kentucky Risk Assessment Guidance	This guidance document outlines procedures for preparing baseline ecological risk assessments, evaluating when ecological assessment is necessary, and selecting remedial cleanup goals.
	Kow (based) Aquatic BioAccumulation Model (KABAM)	This model allows the user to estimate potential bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic pesticides in freshwater aquatic food webs and subsequent risks to birds and mammals by way of consumption of contaminated aquatic prey.
	Lake Superior Aquatic Invasive Species Complete Prevention Plan	This plan describes steps necessary to protect Lake Superior from new aquatic invasive species. It is based on an extensive technical and stakeholder review process.
	Landscape and Predictive Tools: A Guide to Spatial Analysis for Environmental Assessment	This resource describes the purpose, rationale, and basic steps for using landscape and predictive tools for Clean Water Act monitoring, assessment and management purposes. It includes for sections including, an introduction to landscape and predictive tools; geographic frameworks, spatial data, and analysis tools; examples and case studies; and gaps and needs for research and applications. In addition, the toolbox provides links and short descriptions for various data sets and analytical tools.
	Marine Geospatial Ecology Tools (MGET)	Marine Geospatial Ecology Tools (MGET) is an open-source geoprocessing toolbox that helps solve wide varieties of marine research, conservation, and spatial planning problems. MGET can access oceanographic data from ArcGIS, identify ecologically-relevant oceanographic features in remote sensing imagery, build predictive species distribution models, model habitat connectivity by simulating hydrodynamic dispersal of larvae, and detect spatiotemporal patterns in fisheries and other time series data.
	Marine Sediment Screening Benchmarks	This webpage provides a hierarchy for the selection of marine sediment benchmarks and presents marine sediment screening benchmarks in Region 3.
	Markov Chain Nest Productivity Model (MCnest)	MCnest is used to estimate the impact of pesticide-use scenarios on the annual reproductive success of bird populations by integrating existing toxicity information from three standardized avian toxicity tests with information on species life history and the timing of pesticides applications relative to the timing of avian breeding seasons.
	Mercury Concentrations in Fish: FDA Monitoring Program	This resource provides mercury and methyl mercury concentration levels in certain species of fish and shellfish for various years from 1990–2010.
	Mercury Deposition Network (MDN)	The Mercury Deposition Network provides a long-term record of total mercury concentration and deposition in precipitation in the U.S. and Canada.
	Mercury in your Environment	This website provides information on various topics related to mercury in the environment..
	Mercury Levels in Commercial Fish and Shellfish	This data source provides a table containing species, mercury concentration (mean, median, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum), the number of samples, and the source of the data (1990-2012).
	Mercury Study Report to Congress	This 8-volume report represents a 1997 state-of-the-science snapshot for mercury. The report discusses mercury emissions and deposition in the U.S., environmental fate and transport of and potential exposures to mercury, public health and environmental impacts associated with mercury emissions, and mercury control technologies. Volume VI of the Mercury Study Report to Congress is An Ecological Assessment for Anthropogenic Mercury Emissions in the United States. Volume VII of the report is Characterization of Human Health and Wildlife Risks from Mercury Exposure in the United States.
	Methodology for Estimating Dose Rates to Freshwater Biota Exposed to Radionuclides in the Environment	This report presents a methodology for evaluating the potential for aquatic biota to incur effects from exposure to chronic low-level radiation in the environment.
	Methods and Tools for Estimation of the Exposure of Terrestrial Wildlife to Contaminants	This report presents methods for estimating exposure of terrestrial wildlife to both chemical and radionuclide contaminants. The authors examine the approaches for probabilistic exposure estimation and extrapolation from individual-level exposures to population-level effects.
	Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms	This manual describes acute toxicity tests for use in the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permits Program to identify the toxicity of specific compounds contained in discharges.
	Methods, Models, Tools, and Databases for Ecosystems Research	This website provides descriptions and links to tools and resources for ecosystem research, including methods, models, and databases.
	Methods/Indicators for Determining When Metals are the Cause of Biological Impairments of Rivers And Streams: Species Sensitivity Distributions and Chronic Exposure-Response Relationships from Laboratory Data	This 2005 report details the methodology for statistical analysis of data on metals toxicity to aquatic organisms and application of analysis results to stressor identification.
	Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment (MAIA): State of the Flowing Waters Report	This assessment combines data from two sample surveys of flowing waters conducted by EPA from 1993-1998 and provides data on the state of streams and rivers in the Mid-Atlantic region.
	MINTEQA2 Equilibrium Speciation Model	This model is used to calculate the equilibrium composition and mass distribution of dilute aqueous solutions in the laboratory or in natural aqueous systems.
	Models for Pesticide Risk Assessment	This website provides to models and databases used in pesticide risk assessment. Aquatic models (GENEEC; FIRST; KABAM; PRZM; EXAMS; EXPRESS; SWAMP; SCIGROW; SWIMODEL; and Tier I Rice Model); terrestrial models (SIP; STIR; T-REX; TIM; TerrPlant; and T-HERPS); atmospheric models (AgDRIFT®; AgDISP; PERFUM; SOFEA; and FEMS). Links to environmental effects databases, water databases, and regulatory information databases.
	Models for Pesticide Risk Assessment: Aquatic Models	This website provides links to aquatic models used to assess the risk of pesticides to aquatic organisms and the environment. Links to multiple surface water and groundwater models are available, including: PWC, SWCC PRZM-GW PFAM FIRST KABAM EXPRESS SWAMP SCIGROW Tier I Rice Model.
	Models for Pesticide Risk Assessment: Atmospheric Models	This website provides links to atmospheric models used to predict the deposition patterns of pesticides released into the atmosphere. Available models include: AgDRIFT, AgDISP, Probabilistic Exposure and Risk Model for FUMigants (PERFUM), Soil Fumigant Exposure Assessment (SOFEA), and Fumigant Exposure Modeling System (FEMS).
	Models for Pesticide Risk Assessment: Terrestrial Models	This website provides links to terrestrial models used to estimate pesticide concentrations in avian and mammalian food items and exposure and risk to terrestrial organisms from pesticide use. Available models are: Screening Imbibition Program (SIP), Screening Tool for Inhalation Risk (STIR), Terrestrial Residue Exposure (T-REX), Terrestrial Investigation Model (TIM), TerrPlant, and T-HERPS.
	Monitoring and Event Response for Harmful Algal Blooms (MERHAB)	NCCOS funds programs and research to enhance the monitoring and response to harmful algal blooms (HABs).
	MULTIMDP	The MULTIMED model has been modified to the MULTIMDP model, which simulates the transport and fate of first- and second-generation transformation (daughter) products that migrate from a waste source through the unsaturated and saturated zones to a down gradient receptor well.
	Multimedia Contaminant Fate, Transport, and Exposure Model (MMSOILS)	This screening model allows the user to estimate human exposure and risk associated with releases of contamination from hazardous waste sites. As part of the model users can estimate concentrations in soil, air, fish, and plants.
	Multimedia Exposure Assessment Model (MULTIMED)	This model simulates the movement of contaminants leaching from a waste disposal facility and predicts concentrations at a receptor due to transport in the subsurface, surface air, or air.
	Multimedia Models to Assess Exposures	This site provides links to five multimedia models, maintained by CEAM, designed to quantify the movement and concentration of contaminants traveling through groundwater, surface water, and food chain media. Models include: Multimedia, Multi-pathway, Multi-receptor Exposure and Risk Assessment (3MRA) system; MINTEQA2 equilibrium speciation model; Multimedia Contaminant Fate, Transport, and Exposure Model (MMSOILS); Multimedia Exposure Assessment Model (MULTIMED); and Watershed Health Assessment Tools Investigating Fisheries (WHATIF) software.
	National Aquatic Resource Surveys	This website provides access to results from four surveys designed to assess the quality of the nation's waters, including: the National Coastal Condition Assessment (NCCA), the National Lakes Assessment (NLA), the National Rivers and Streams Assessment (NRSA), and the National Wetland Condition Assessment (NWCA).
	National Coastal Condition Assessment	The National Coastal Condition Assessment (NCCA) is a statistical survey of the condition of our Nation’s marine and Great Lakes coasts. The first NCCA sampling field season was conducted in 2010. The most recent field season was conducted in 2015.
	National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON)	The NEON observatory collects and provides high-quality, standardized, continental-scale environmental data from its 81 sites (47 terrestrial and 34 aquatic) across the U.S. (including Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico) using instrument measurements and field sampling.
	National Ecosystem Services Classification System: Framework Design and Policy Application	This document assists in analyzing the human welfare impacts of policy-induced changes to ecosystems. The classification system supports different types of """"marginal"""" analysis, such as cost-benefit analysis, which focus on changes from baseline conditions.
	National Estuary Program Guidance	This resource provides guidance on the design, evaluation and implementation of required monitoring for the National Estuary Program, which includes biota.
	National Exotic Marine and Estuarine Species Information System (NEMESIS), Chesapeake Bay	This database provides information on species introduced to Chesapeake Bay, Atlantic waters adjacent, and coastal bays. Note that this report has been Archived.
	National Hydrography Website	This USGS website provides links to the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD), Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD), and NHDPlus High Resolution (NHDPlus HR), digital geospatial data sets for mapping and modeling surface waters of the United States.
	National Hydrologic Assessment Tool (NATHAT)	NATHAT allows users to take daily streamflow data for a period of record to establish a hydrologic baseline of environmental flow standards and to evaluate past and proposed hydrologic modifications.
	National Invasive Species Information Center (NISIC)	The National Invasive Species Information Center (NISIC) is designed to serve as a gateway to information, organizations, and services about invasive species. It contains federal, state, local, and international sources.
	National Lake Fish Tissue Study	The National Lake Fish Tissue Study is a screening-level study conducted to estimate the national distribution of selected persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals in fish tissue from lakes and reservoirs of the continental United States. This 4-year study (conducted between 2000 and 2004), evaluates 265 chemicals in fish, including mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, and furans. This link also provides access to the analytical methods and target analyte list.
	National Recommended Water Quality Criteria – Aquatic Life Criteria Table	This resource contains aquatic life ambient water quality criteria. The data provided are EPA's recommended aquatic life criteria. Conversion factors for dissolved metals and parameters for calculating freshwater dissolved metals criteria that are hardness-dependent are provided in appendices.
	National Study of Chemical Residues in Fish Volume II	Volume II contains appendices C and D, which include profiles of bioaccumulation study chemicals (dioxins/furans and other xenobiotics) and their data tables.
	National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue	This resource addresses the prevalence of selected bioaccumulative pollutants in fish and the correlation of these pollutants with potential sources.
	National Trends Network (NTN)	The National Trends Network provides a long-term record of precipitation chemistry across the U.S.
	National Water Information System (NWIS)	This website provides the user with real-time access to water-resources data and stream-flow conditions collected at approximately 1.5 million sites in all 50 States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
	National Water Management Center (NWMC) Water Management	The USDA's National Water Management Center (NWMC) site provides assistance with the application of hydrology and hydraulics to all NRCS programs, with an emphasis on consultation and training of State personnel. It includes provides links to tools and models, including hydraulics formulas, cross-section analyzer, frequency curves, SITES, WinDAM, WinTR-20, WinTR-55, Unit Hydrograph Transformer, AGNPS, HecRas, Civil 3D export to HecRas, HecDSSVue, EFH2, TR-19, and others.
	National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project	The NAWQA provides water-quality conditions, trends over time, and factors that contribute to conditions.
	National Wetland Condition Assessment	The National Wetland Condition Assessment (NWCA) is a collaborative survey of our Nation's wetlands. The NWCA examines the chemical, physical and biological integrity of wetlands through a set of commonly used and widely accepted indicators (e.g., vegetation, soil, hydrology, water chemistry, algae, buffer characteristics). The 2011 NWCA was the first national evaluation of the ecological condition of the nation’s wetlands. The second field sampling season was conducted in 2016.
	National Wetland Plant List (NWPL)	This database contains information on wetland indicator status for vascular plants using custom search criteria, such as scientific name, symbol, or common name, category, duration, growth habits, native status, state distribution, wetland region, and regional wetland indicator (status).
	National Wetlands Inventory	This resource provides access to a wetlands mapper tool that integrates digital map data with other information on the distribution of wetlands. Users can also access data on status and trends of wetlands status in the U.S.
	Natural Resources Conservation Service: Federal and State Noxious Weed Lists	This webpage provides a summary of noxious status for all of the listed plants in the U.S.
	Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollution Data Downloads	This data source provides nitrogen and phosphorus pollution data for major river basins including the Mississippi River basin.
	NOAA's National Status and Trends (NS&T)	This tool contains data from three programs, including: Benthic Surveillance, Mussel Watch, and Bioeffects related to environmental quality of U.S. estuarine and coastal waters.
	Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS)	This resource contains spatially referenced biogeographic data for introduced aquatic species, including, invertebrates, vertebrates, and plants.
	North American Amphibian Monitoring Program (NAAMP)	NAAMP is a long-term monitoring program designed to track the status and trends of frog and toad populations. Data are collected using a calling survey technique, in which volunteers identify local amphibian species by their unique breeding vocalizations or calls.
	North American Breeding Bird Survey, Raw Data Retrieval System	The North American Breeding Bird Survey began in 1966 and consists of data on the diversity and abundance of summer bird assemblages at approximately 5,000 sites across the continental U.S. and Canada. This website provides access to the raw data from the survey.
	North Carolina Species	This website provides information on North Carolina wildlife: mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians, crustaceans, and mollusks. It also provides a link to the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission report: Protected Wildlife Species of North Carolina.
	Nutrient Indicators Dataset (NID)	This dataset consists of a set of indicators and associated state-level data to serve as a regional compendium of information pertaining to potential or documented nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, impacts of that pollution, and states’ efforts to minimize loadings and adopt numeric criteria for nutrients into state water quality standards.
	Nutrient Policy and Data; Criteria Development Guidance: Rivers and Streams	This document provides technical guidance to state and tribal parties on developing region-specific nutrient criteria for river and stream systems and implementing nutrient control strategies.
	Nutrient Pollution Policy and Data	This website provides links to information related to nutrient pollution policy and data, including: state development of numeric criteria for nitrogen and phosphorous; tools including Nitrogen and Phosphorus Data Access Tool and CADDIS; nitrogen and phosphorous monitoring data; and various reports/resources.
	Nutrient Pollution Website	This website provides links to information related to nutrient pollution including sources, solutions, and effects. An interactive map with examples of local efforts to reduce nutrient pollution is also provided.
	OAC Chapter 3745-1 Water Quality Standards	This webpage lists rules in Chapter 3745-1 of the Ohio Administrative Code, including links to tables summarizing the aquatic life and human health numerical water quality criteria and values contained in and developed pursuant to this chapter.
	OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals	This document provides links to OECD test guidelines for assessing the potential effects of chemicals on human health and the environment.
	On-Site: The On-line Site Assessment Tool	On-Site provides access to a suite of online calculators for assessing transport of environmental contaminants in the subsurface. Calculators are available for four main categories including: parameter estimates, simple transport models, unit conversions, and scientific demos.
	Online Training in Watershed Management	This website provides links to a variety of training modules that represent a basic introduction to the watershed management field. Module themes include introductory/overview, watershed ecology, watershed change, analysis and planning, management practices, community and social, and water law.
	An Optimization Approach to Evaluate the Role of Ecosystem Services in Chesapeake Bay Restoration Strategies	This report aids policymakers in evaluating TMDL-related policies and trade-offs in the Chesapeake Bay by assessing pollution control projects and their effects on water quality and ecosystem services.
	OSWER Directive, Appendix A: Example Ecological Risk Assessments for Hypothetical Sites	This report provides guidance to site managers and remedial project managers on how to design and conduct defensible ecological risk assessments (ERAs) for Superfund programs. Appendix A of the OSWER Directive describes the ERA process for three hypothetical sites.
	OSWER Directive, Appendix B: Representative Sampling Guidance Document, Volume 3: Biological	The OSWER Directive provides guidance to site managers and remedial project managers on how to design and conduct defensible ecological risk assessments for Superfund programs. Appendix B provides general guidance for collecting representative biological samples (i.e., measurement endpoints).
	Pesticide in Water Calculator (PWC)	The Pesticide in Water Calculator (PWC) is an updated version of the tool previously known as the Surface Water Concentration Calculator (SWCC). It is used to estimate pesticide concentrations in surface water and groundwater bodies that result from pesticide applications to land. The calculator uses the Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM) and the Variable Volume Water Model (VVWM).
	Pesticides in Flooded Application Model (PFAM)	PFAM is used to model surface water exposure from the use of pesticides in flooded fields.
	Pesticides: Ecological Risk Assessments	This resource describes EPA's general process for conducting ecological risk assessments associated with pesticide use. EPA is specifically concerned with pesticide fate and behavior in the environment and harmful effects on nontarget plants and animals.
	Pesticides: Environmental Effects	This webpage provides links to resources pertaining to the pesticide ecological risk assessment process and endangered species programs.
	Phenology Visualization Tool	This tool is used to visualize which species and locations are data-rich, identify patterns, and answer specific comparative questions. Users can access and download customized data sets from the National Phenology Database from this website.
	Physical Habitat Simulation (PHABSIM) Software for Windows	PHABSIM allows users to simulate relationships between streamflow and physical habitat for various life stages of a species of fish or a recreational activity.
	Pollinators	This website provides information on pollinators: Why they are important and what you can do to encourage pollinator diversity and abundance.
	Portland Harbor RI/FS Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment: Appendix G	This document presents the baseline ecological risk assessment for aquatic and aquatic-dependent species exposed to hazardous substances associated with the in-water Williamette River portion of the Portland Harbor Superfund site.
	Potential Risks of Alachlor Use to Federally Threatened California Red-legged Frog (Rana aurora draytonii) and Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus)	This assessment evaluates potential direct and indirect effects on the California red-legged frog (Rana aurora draytonii) and the Delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) from alachlor on agricultural and non-agricultural sites.
	Predicting Future Introductions of Nonindigenous Species to the Great Lakes	This 2008 report predicts the spread of aquatic nonindigenous species into the Great Lakes to help resource managers focus monitoring activities on particular species at the most vulnerable U.S. Great Lakes ports. The report also demonstrates the use of a habitat suitability model and ballast water discharge data to predict invasion potential.
	Prediction of Sediment Toxicity Using Consensus-Based Freshwater Sediment Quality Guidelines	This study evaluates the ability of sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) to predict toxicity in a freshwater database for field-collected sediments in the Great Lakes basin, evaluates the ability of SQGs to predict sediment toxicity on a regional geographic basis elsewhere in North America, and compares approaches for evaluating the combined effects of chemical mixtures on the toxicity of field-collected sediments.
	Preliminary Remediation Goals for Ecological Endpoints	This technical memorandum describes preliminary remediation goals (PRGs) for ecological endpoints for risk assessments and decision making at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) sites.
	Prey Fish Biomass Model	JEM partners with agencies such as the U.S. Geological Survey and multiple Florida agencies. This tool is an ecological model of estuarine prey fish biomass availability. This model was developed as an evaluation tool to determine acceptable ranges of salinity and water depth and aid in restoration planning.
	Procedures for the Derivation of Equilibrium Partitioning Sediment Benchmarks (ESBs) for the Protection of Benthic Organisms: Compendium of Tier 2 Values for Nonionic Organics	This document describes procedures to derive concentrations for 32 nonionic organic chemicals in sediment that are protective of the presence of freshwater and marine benthic organisms, such as worms, clams, and shrimp.
	Procedures for the Derivation of Equilibrium Partitioning Sediment Benchmarks (ESBs) for the Protection of Benthic Organisms: Dieldrin	This document describes procedures to derive concentrations of the insecticide dieldrin in sediment which are protective of the presence of benthic organisms.
	Procedures for the Derivation of Equilibrium Partitioning Sediment Benchmarks (ESBs) for the Protection of Benthic Organisms: Metal Mixtures (Cadmium, Copper, Lead, Nickel, Silver, and Zinc)	This document provides procedures for the derivation of equilibrium partitioning sediment benchmarks (ESBs) for metal mixtures.
	Proof of Concept for Integrating Bioassessment Results from Three State Probabilistic Monitoring Programs	This resource provides an assessment of the feasibility of integrating three probabilistic monitoring programs (i.e., MD, VA, WV). It includes a calculation of a provisional combined estimate of condition for the non-Coastal Plain region of these states.
	Protecting Bees and Other Pollinators from Pesticides	This website presents information related to protecting bees and other pollinators from pesticides. Links are provided to information on of pollinator health, EPA actions to protect pollinators, and pollinator risk assessment guidance.
	Protecting Endangered Species from Pesticides	This resource provides information on endangered species and pesticides, protections for endangered species, how EPA works with its partners (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service), and other resources.
	PRZM Model	PRZM is a modeling system that predicts pesticide transport and transformation down through the crop root and unsaturated zone.
	Quality Assurance Project Plan for Analytical Control and Assessment Activities in the National Study of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue	This report presents performance and acceptance criteria and measurement quality objectives (MQOs) for the National Fish Tissue Study sample analysis effort.
	Quantification of Ecological Risks to Aquatic Biota from Bioaccumulated Chemicals	This report describes the derivation of risk-based screening concentrations (RBSCs) for assessing risks to aquatic biota from chemical residues in aquatic biota tissues.
	Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office website	This website provides links to North Carolina FWS programs, species, conservation partnerships, wildlife refuges, fish hatcheries, and other resources for the protection of endangered and threatened species, migratory birds, migratory fish, and their habitats in North Carolina.
	Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Wadeable Streams and Rivers: Periphyton, Benthic Macroinvertebrates, and Fish (Chapter 8)	This document serves as a technical reference for conducting cost-effective biological assessments of lotic systems.
	ReachScan	ReachScan estimates surface water chemical concentrations at drinking water utilities downstream from industrial facilities. It allows the user to estimate fish bioconcentration rates.
	Recovery Potential Screening (RPS) Training and User Support	This webpage provides tools, indicators, and methodology directly related to the Recovery Potential Screening (RPS) tool.
	Recovery Potential Screening (RPS): Comparing Watershed Condition and Restorability	This webpage provides watershed indicators, methods, and tools to help government and private programs compare watersheds and plan their efforts for greater likelihood of restoration and protection success.
	Redesigned Alien Forest Pest Explorer Delivers Fast Answers on Range of Invasive Insects and Host Species in U.S. Forests	This web-based portal is a user-friendly dashboard that combines information from multiple sources to show the impact of different forest insects and diseases, and the potential for further damage. The Alien Forest Pest Explorer delivers science-based interactive data visualization tools that allow users to track the ranges of invasive forest pests, quantify trends in host tree species abundance, and compute increases in mortality caused by insect and disease invasions across the United States.
	Regional 4 Ecological Risk Assessment Supplemental Guidance Report (March 2018 Update)	This supplemental guidance from EPA Region 4 provides regional direction for implementation of the EPA Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (ERAGS).
	Regional Monitoring Networks (RMN) to Detect Changing Baselines in Freshwater Wadeable Streams	This report describes the development of the current regional monitoring networks (RMNs) for riffle-dominated, freshwater wadeable streams. EPA is working to establish Regional Monitoring Networks (RMNs) at which biological, thermal, and hydrologic data are collected from freshwater wadeable streams to quantify and monitor changes in baseline condition, including climate change effects. This resource also contains information on selection of candidate sites, expectations for data collection, the rationale for collecting these data, and provides examples of how the RMN data can be used and analyzed.
	Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH)	REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals), a regulation of the European Union (EU), is the European Commission's regulatory system for approximately 30,000 chemical substances. REACH applies to all chemical substances—those used in industrial processes as well as those found in our day-to-day products, such as cleaners, paints, clothes, furniture and electrical appliances. Links to REACH legislation, guidance, nanomaterials, and archives are available at this website.
	Regulation of Biotechnology under TSCA and FIFRA	This website provides information on biotechnology under the TSCA program (e.g., regulations, filing and checking status of biotechnology submissions) and the FIFRA program (e.g., regulations for pest management, overview of plant-incorporated protectants, safety of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops).
	The Relationships Among Particle Size, Composition, and Partitioning Phenomena in Aqueous Systems	This paper studies the effects of partitioning on the fate, transport, and exposure potential of anthropogenic chemicals in soil and aquatic systems.
	Report on the Environment (ROE): Ecological Condition	This website provides access to data on ecological conditions and trends, including extent and distribution; diversity and biological balance; ecological processes; physical and chemical attributes; and ecological exposure to contaminants.
	Research on Nanomaterials	This website provides information on nanomaterials and ecosystem health including how EPA is studying nanomaterials. Links are provided to related resources including mapping environmental fate of nanomaterials and nanomaterial effects on ecosystems and wildlife health.
	Response of Benthic Invertebrate Assemblages to Metal Exposure and Bioaccumulation Associated with Hard-Rock Mining in Northwestern Streams, USA	This resource describes the extent and severity of hard-rock mining impacts on benthic invertebrates and evaluates correlations between metal concentrations and changes in assemblage structure.
	A Review and Analysis of Parameters for Assessing Transport of Environmentally Released Radionuclides through Agriculture	This report describes an evaluation of parameters used in assessing terrestrial transport of radionuclides through the terrestrial food-chain.
	Revised Technical Support Documentation: National-Scale Assessment of Mercury Risk to Populations with High Consumption of Self-Caught Freshwater Fish	This document describes the potential public health hazard (in terms of consumption of contaminated fish) associated with mercury emitted from coal and oil-fired electric utility steam generating units in the United States.
	Risk and Exposure Assessment for Review of the Secondary National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Oxides of Nitrogen and Oxides of Sulfur: Final	This document describes EPA's joint review assessing the scientific information, associated risks, and standards relevant to protecting the public welfare from adverse effects associated with oxides of nitrogen and oxides of sulfur. Main effects evaluated are related to ecological responses.
	Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume II Environmental Evaluation Manual Interim Final	This manual provides guidance for ecological assessment at Superfund sites. It is intended for Remedial Project Managers (RPMs) and On Scene Coordinators (OSCs) when managing environmental evaluation of Superfund sites. Specifically this manual describes an overall framework for considering environmental effects.
	The Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS)	This website from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) provides links to information on performing risk assessments that complies with EPA guidance. Chemical-specific data are available including toxicity profiles, toxicity values, and chemical data profiles.
	The Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS): Chemical Data Profiles	This website provides access to full and summary toxicity profiles for over 1000 contaminants prepared by the Oak Ridge Reservation Environmental Restoration Program.
	The Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS): Chemical-Specific Parameters Tool	This resource contains a variety of physical chemical properties, including soil-to-dry plant uptake rates, fish bioconcentration factors, and soil-water partition coefficients among others.
	The Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS): Ecological Benchmark Tool	This tool contains chemical concentrations in environmental media that are at or below thresholds for effects to ecological receptors. The ecotoxicological screening benchmarks in this database include water, sediment, and surface soil applicable to a range of aquatic organisms, soil invertebrates, and terrestrial plants.
	The Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS): Inorganic Soil Background Selection	This database contains individual chemicals and allows users to access generic inorganic soil background values.
	Risk Assessment Information, Massachusetts	This Massachusetts webpage provides a comprehensive list of links to guidance documents, technical updates, and regulations pertaining to ecological risk assessment.
	Risk Assessment, Arkansas	This Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality webpage provides links to screening level guidance documents for human health and ecological risk assessments.
	Risk Assessment: Ecological Risk Assessments	This website provides basic information on conducting ecological risk assessments at EPA and provides links to tools, databases, products, and publications.
	Risk Characterization for Ecological Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites	This resource describes the process for estimating ecological risks based on a weight of evidence approach. This document expands the guidance from Suter et al. 1995 by providing more specific information on how ecological risk characterization should be performed.
	Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) Model	RSEI is a geographically-based model that allows users to analyze and compare data on releases of toxic substances from facilities.
	Risks of Paraquat Use to Federally Threatened California Red-legged Frog (Rana Aurora Draytonii)	This assessment evaluates potential direct and indirect effects on the California red-legged frog (Rana aurora draytonii) from paraquat dichloride use on agricultural and non-agricultural sites.
	River and Stream Water Quality Model (QUAL2K)	This water quality model allows the user to assess the environmental impact of multiple pollution discharges along rivers from point and nonpoint sources.
	Science and Ecosystem Support Division (SESD) Soil Sampling Operating Procedures	This EPA Region 4 manual describes procedures, methods, and considerations for collecting soil samples for field screening or laboratory analysis.
	Science in Your Watershed	This webpage provides access to data organized by watershed. A mapping interface allows users to search for a watershed and link to additional related information. Users can also search for projects, publications, and databases for a particular watershed.
	Screening and Assessment of Contaminated Sediment	This document provides information and guidance for screening, classifying, and assessing contaminated sediments in New York State.
	Screening Inbibition Program (SIP)	This model is used to determine whether drinking water exposure alone is a potential pathway of concern by providing an upper bound estimate of exposure of birds and mammals to pesticides via drinking water.
	Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessment Protocol for Hazardous Waste Combustion Facilities	This peer review draft document contains screening level ecological risk assessment protocol appendices for hazardous waste combustion facilities including estimating media concentration equations, media-to-receptor BCF values, wildlife measurement receptor BCF values, toxicity reference values, bird toxicity reference values, state natural heritage programs, and toxicological profiles.
	Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessment Protocol, Appendix E: Toxicity Reference Values	This appendix of the Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessment Protocol includes toxicity reference values (TRVs) for community measurement receptors in surface water, sediment, soil, and wildlife measurement receptors.
	Screening Quick Reference Tables (SQuiRTs)	These tables present screening concentrations for inorganic and organic contaminants in various environmental media and assist in evaluating potential risks from contaminated water, sediment, or soil.
	Screening Tool for Inhalation Risk (STIR)	STIR is a screening tool used in the problem formulation phase. It incorporates various pathways by which birds or mammals may be exposed to pesticides and focuses on two major routes of inhalation exposure including droplet inhalation immediately after application and vapor phase inhalation.
	Sediment Management Standards Chapter 173-204 WAC Benthic Criteria Tables	This document provides a benthic criteria table containing management standards for freshwater and marine sediment, with analytes categorized.
	Sediment Sampling Guide and Methodologies: 2nd edition	This document provides guidance for selecting sampling locations and proper collection techniques. It describes specific methodologies for the actual collection of samples.
	Site-wide Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment: Libby Asbestos Superfund Site, Libby, Montana	This document provides the site-wide baseline ecological risk assessment for asbestos at the Libby Asbestos Superfund Site in Libby, Montana, to describe the likelihood, nature, and extent of adverse effects in ecological receptors exposed to asbestos at the site as a result of Libby amphibole asbestos to the environment from past mining, milling, and processing activities at the site.
	Software for Assisted Habitat Modeling for VisTrails	This model allows the user to expedite habitat suitability modeling and helps maintain a record of the various input data. The software consists of a package of modules to be used within VisTrails. The model also allows land and natural resource managers generate maps to assist in predicting and managing species of concern.
	Soil Bioavailability at Superfund Sites	This web page contains basic information about bioavailability and provides links to resources for assessing bioavailability of chemicals in soils and sediments.
	Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO)	This database houses information about soil properties (including chemical properties) for soils of the United States.
	South Dakota Aquatic Invasive Species Map	This map displays the risks posed to aquatic invasive species in South Dakota's aquatic environments.
	Spatial Analysis and Decision Assistance (SADA): Ecological Risk Module	This model can be used in tabular and spatial point screenings, risk maps, dose maps, uncertainty modeling, and decision support when determining concerns or locating new places for additional sampling.
	Spatial-explicit Individual-based Simulation Model of Florida Panther and White-Tailed Deer in the Everglades and Big Cypress Landscape (SIMPDEL)	This individual-based ecological model allows the user to predict and compare the effects of different environmental impacts on the distribution and abundance of white-tailed deer and Florida panthers.
	Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSDs)	Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) model the variation in sensitivity of species to a particular stressor. This resource generates a distribution for a chemical from Web-ICE toxicity values for up several aquatic and wildlife surrogate species.
	Spreadsheet-based Ecological Risk Assessment for the Fate of Mercury (SERAFM)	This a process-based, steady-state modeling system that predicts speciated mercury concentrations (Hg0, HgII, MeHg, HgT) in water (filtered and unfiltered) and sediments, and total mercury concentrations in fish tissue.
	Standards for Water Body Health	This webpage provides the recommended water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic life in surface water for approximately 150 priority or nonpriority pollutants.
	The State of the Birds Report	The 2017 State of the Birds assesses the health of our nation’s bird populations through a set of habitat indicators, a Watch List of species most vulnerable to extinction, and a list of the Common Birds in Steep Decline.
	StreamStats	StreamStats allows the user to analyze the stream network upstream and downstream from a user-selected point.
	Stressor Identification (SI) at Contaminated Sites: Upper Arkansas River, Colorado	This report describes a causal assessment for impairments of plant growth and plant species richness at a terrestrial contaminated site in an area of the Colorado Rocky Mountains that is highly mineralized. This assessment applies EPA's Stressor Identification (SI) framework as described in the Stressor Identification Guidance Document (2000).
	Stressor Identification (SI) in an Agricultural Watershed: Little Floyd River, Iowa	This 2010 report describes the use of U.S. EPA’s Stressor Identification (SI) procedures to identify a screening causal assessment of a biologically impaired stream in the state of Iowa.
	Stressor Identification Guidance Document	This document provides comprehensive guidance on identifying and evaluating stressors in aquatic systems using the Stressor Identification (SI) methodology. Other chapters focus on analyzing evidence, characterizing causes, and case studies for specific water bodies.
	Stressor Identification Methods Used for Impaired Waters in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed States	This report summarizes the approaches used by Chesapeake jurisdictions to identify stressors when planning total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) and compares these approaches to the EPA Causal Analysis/Diagnosis Decision Information System (CADDIS) approach. It compares various screening thresholds and criteria used to identify possible stressors of impaired systems.
	Stressor Identification Technical Guidance, Major Watershed Restoration and Protection Projects	This technical guidance document defines stressor identification and displays the relationship between biological monitoring and assessment and stressor identification. It explains when stressor identification is carried out and how stressor identification relates to the implementation of restoration and protection activities.
	Summary of the NCEA Colloquium on Current Use and Future Needs of Genomics in Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessment	This final report from 2006 addresses how genomics data may improve ecological risk assessment and what the current and future needs of EPA program and regional offices are regarding the area of genomics (e.g., tools, data, case studies).
	Superfund Ecological Risk Assessment	This webpage provides information on Superfund ecological risk assessment and includes links to guidance and other documents.
	Surf Your Watershed	This tool allows users to search for particular watersheds in the U.S. to identify citizen-based groups, water quality monitoring data, and related environmental websites for the particular watershed.
	Surface Coal Mining in Appalachia	This webpage defines mountaintop mining, describes regulations as well as environmental impacts of this practice, and provides links to related resources.
	Surface Water Standards and Guidance	This document provides guidance for states, Indian tribes, and U.S. territories to ensure that standards and other measures are in place to protect aquatic life in our nation’s lakes, rivers, streams, and other surface waters.
	Technical Air Pollution Resources	This website provides links to technical air pollution resources, including air quality data, modeling tools, and air quality standards.
	Technical Document for Ecological Risk Assessment: Planning for Data Collection	This document provides general recommendations for selecting appropriate assessment and measurement endpoints for ecological risk assessments at military installations, including Installation Restoration Programs (IRP), Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC), and Formerly Used Defense Sites (FUDS).
	Technical Guidance for Screening Contaminated Sediments	This guidance document describes the methodology for establishing sediment criteria for the purposes of identifying contaminated sediments. This source is a continuation of the original 1993 """"Technical Guidance for Screening Contaminated Sediments"""" with additional sediment screening values for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and 9 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds.
	Technical Summary of Information Available on the Bioaccumulation of Arsenic in Aquatic Organisms	This summary document provides information on the bioaccumulation potential of arsenic in aquatic organisms.
	Technical Support Document (TSD) Volume 2: Development of National Bioaccumulation Factors	This document discusses EPA's methodology for developing national bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) used for deriving national recommended ambient water quality criteria.
	Technical Support Document (TSD) Volume 3: Development of Site-Specific Bioaccumulation Factors	This document provides technical details on how to develop site-specific bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for use in deriving ambient water quality criteria. It includes guidance on different approaches as well as factors to consider when selecting an approach to allow states and tribes to derive BAFs that are more representative of the bioaccumulation potential at a given location.
	Terrestrial Herpetofaunal Exposure Residue Program Simulation (T-HERPS)	This simulation model estimates exposure to terrestrial-phase reptiles and amphibians from pesticide use.
	Terrestrial Investigation Model (TIM)	TIM is a probabilistic model that estimates the probability, magnitude, and certainty of risk to terrestrial organisms from exposure to pesticides.
	Terrestrial Residue EXposure (T-REX) model	T-REX is a model used to estimate pesticide concentration on avian and mammalian food items along with the dissipation rate of a chemical applied to foliar surfaces for single or multiple applications.
	Terrestrial Toxicity Reference Values (TRVs)	This document presents TRVs for use in Savannah River Site (SRS) ERA constituent evaluation.
	TerrPlant	This Tier 1 model provides screening-level estimates of exposure to terrestrial plants from single pesticide applications.
	Test Guidelines for Pesticides and Toxic Substances	A series of harmonized test guidelines has been developed to use in the testing of pesticides and toxic substances. This compilation of guidelines has been developed for conducting the studies routinely used for generating data on pesticides and industrial chemicals regulated under FIFRA and TSCA.
	Threatened & Endangered Species Active Critical Habitat Report	This report contains species lists with published critical habitat across the U.S. From these lists, users can access critical habitat spatial data, critical habitat metadata, federal register documents, and FWS species profile information.
	Threatened and Endangered Plants	This database allows users to search federal and state threatened and endangered plants using custom search criteria such as species name or family, category, duration, growth habits, wetland status, jurisdiction, or geographical location.
	Threatened and Endangered Species Geodatabases	The Threatened and Endangered Species geodatabases allow users to view where threatened or endangered species exist in the U.S. at various times during the year. The geodatabases focus on coastal species and habitats currently listed under the Endangered Species Act.
	Threatened and Endangered Species Protected Under the California Endangered Species Act (CESA)	This webpage provides links to laws and policies related to the California Endangered Species Act (CESA).
	Threatened, Endangered, and Sensitive Species (TES)	This website describes management for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species on National Forest System lands. The Threatened, Endangered, and Sensitive Species (TES) program participates in the recovery of threatened and endangered species and their habitats, conservation of sensitive species and their habitats, and providing for the diversity of plant and animal communities on National Forest System lands.
	Tier 1 Rice Model	This model is used to estimate surface water exposure from the use of pesticides in rice paddies.
	Total Risk Integrated Methodology (TRIM) – TRIM.FaTE	This model allows the user to estimate movement and transformation of pollutants over time. Outputs provide exposure estimates for environmental receptors that can be used in other models.
	Toxicity Testing and Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance for Benthic Invertebrates	This website provides links to guidance, a case study, and attachments related to integrating sediment toxicity tests into EFED ecological risk assessments.
	Toxicological Benchmarks for Contaminants of Potential Concern for Effects on Soil and Litter Invertebrates and Heterotrophic Process: 1997 Revision	This report describes a standard approach for deriving benchmarks for the purpose of contaminant screening.
	Toxicological Benchmarks for Screening Contaminants of Potential Concern for Effects on Sediment-Associated Biota: 1997 Revision	This document presents toxicological benchmarks for sediment-associated biota in marine, estuarine, and freshwater environments.
	Toxicological Benchmarks for Screening Contaminants of Potential Concern for Effects on Terrestrial Plants: 1997 Revision	This memorandum includes plant toxicity data and discusses their utility as benchmarks for determining the hazard to terrestrial plants caused by contaminants in soil.
	Toxicological Benchmarks for Screening Potential Contaminants of Concern for Effects on Aquatic Biota: 1996 Revision	This document presents toxicological benchmarks for protection of aquatic life from contaminants in water and describes methods for deriving these benchmarks.
	Toxicological Benchmarks for Wildlife: 1996 Revision	This report provides toxicological benchmarks for the assessment of effects of certain chemicals on mammalian and avian wildlife species.
	Toxicological Profiles for Hazardous Substances	ATSDR has prepared approximately 300 toxicological profiles for hazardous substances found at National Priorities List (NPL) sites and other federal sites. Chemical names may be searched using the A to Z list on the ATSDR Toxic Substances Portal. Each Toxicological Profile contains sections on releases to the environment, environmental fate, levels monitored in the environment, potential exposures, and analytical methods.
	Toxicology Data Network (TOXNET)	Toxicology Data Network (TOXNET) provided links to databases on toxicology, hazardous chemicals, environmental health, and toxic releases, including: Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB); ChemIDplus; Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD); Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB); Toxicology Literature Online (TOXLINE); Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System (CCRIS); Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology (DART); GENE-TOX; Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS); International Toxicity Estimates for Risk (ITER); LactMed; Toxics Release Inventory (TRI); Haz-Map; Household Products Database (HPD); and TOXMAP.
	Tracking Water Quality of the Nation's Rivers and Streams	The USGS National Water Quality Network (NWQN) is a long-term monitoring program for more than 100 surface water river and stream sites in the U.S. Sites are monitored for status and trends in loads and concentrations of contaminants, nutrients, and sediment. Links are provided to water quality summaries, relative nutrient loading from tributaries of the Mississippi River Basin, and nitrate load and yields for coastal rivers.
	Understanding Variation in Partition Coefficient, Kd, Values	This three-volume report describes the conceptualization, measurement, and use of the partition coefficient (Kd), which is a parameter used in chemical transport modeling.
	Visual Plumes Model System	This model allows the user to simulate surface water jets and plumes and assist with mixing zone analyses, Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs), and other water quality applications.
	Wadeable Streams Assessment (WSA)	This report summarizes the condition of the nation’s streams and small rivers and identifies and ranks the relative importance of chemical and physical stressors (disturbances) affecting stream and river conditions 2004-2005.
	Waquoit Bay Watershed Ecological Risk Assessment: The Effect of Land-Derived Nitrogen Loads on Estuarine Eutrophication	This tool describes the ecological risk assessment of Waquoit Bay in Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
	Waste Area Grouping 2, Phase I Task Data Report: Ecological Risk Assessment and White Oak Creek Watershed Screening Ecological Risk Assessment	This report presents results of a screening ecological risk assessment for Waste Area Grouping (WAG) 2 and for other areas in White Oak Creek watershed.
	Water Erosion (RUSLE2)	This model contains both empirical and process-based science and is used to predict rill and interrill erosion by rainfall and runoff. RUSLE2 is an upgrade of the text-based RUSLE DOS version 1.
	Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP8)	This modeling program for aquatic systems helps users interpret and predict water quality responses to natural phenomena and manmade pollution for various pollution management decisions.
	Water Quality Data (WQX)	The Water Quality Exchange (WQX) is a mechanism for states, tribes, and other data partners to submit and share water quality monitoring data with EPA.
	Watershed Academy Web: Introduction to Watershed Ecology	This website introduces watershed ecology by describing human activities that can degrade or improve the condition of a watershed.
	Watershed Academy Web: Watershed Ecological Risk Assessment	This document was adapted from an online training module in EPA's Watershed Academy Web available here: http://cfpub.epa.gov/watertrain/index.cfm. It provides background information and examples on watershed ecological risk assessments and links to websites about several watershed risk case studies.
	Watershed Assessment, Tracking & Environmental Results System (WATERS)	This database unites water quality information, previously available only from several independent and unconnected databases, to address public concerns regarding water quality and health.
	Watershed Health Assessment Tools Investigating Fisheries (WHATIF)	This software package integrates a number of calculators, tools, and models allowing users to assess the health of watersheds and streams focusing on fish communities in the Mid-Atlantic Highland region.
	WaterWatch	WaterWatch allows the user to view maps of real-time streamflow, drought and flood conditions and retrieve data from stations in each state.
	Web Soil Survey (WSS)	The Web Soil Survey provides access to soil survey information including online data and soil maps for most U.S. counties.
	Web-based Interspecies Correlation Estimate (Web-ICE)	This model is used to estimate acute toxicity to aquatic and terrestrial organisms for use in risk assessment.
	WebFIRE	WebFIRE is an online database containing emission factors for criteria and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) for industrial and non-industrial processes. Multiple reports are included that were submitted to EPA using the Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface (CEDRI) in response to regulatory requirements under Parts 60 and 63 of Title 40 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR).
	Weight of Evidence in Ecological Assessment	This document provides guidance on methods for weighing ecological evidence using three steps: (1) assembling evidence, (2) weighting evidence with respect to properties, and (3) weighing the integrated body of evidence.
	Western Airborne Contaminants Assessment Project (WACAP)	WACAP was a large-scale project to determine risk to ecosystems and food webs from deposition of contaminants in 20 U.S. National Parks.
	Wetlands Protection and Restoration	This resource provides a description of what wetlands are and lists links to definitions, types, status and trends, and a wetland fact sheet series.
	White Paper in Support of the Proposed Risk Assessment Process for Bees	This paper describes the quantitative approach for developing risk quotients for bees.
	Whole Effluent Toxicity Methods	This website provides information on whole effluent toxicity (WET) tests that measure wastewater's effects on specific test organisms' ability to survive, grow, and reproduce.
	Wildlife Exposure Factors Handbook Volume I and II	This handbook contains data, references, and guidance for performing exposure assessments for wildlife species exposed to toxic chemicals in their environment.
	Wildlife Scenario Builder (WSB) and User's Guide (Version 1.0, Beta Test)	The Wildlife Scenario Builder (WSB) allows users to estimate air, water, and dietary intake rates for a variety of North American Wildlife species. The WSB contains information on 49 North American species of wildlife, including 24 species of birds, 17 species of mammals, 3 species of amphibians, and 5 species of reptiles. The model contains natural history information as well as physiological data.
	Wind Erosion (WEPS)	This model is used to predict many forms of soil erosion by wind such as saltation-creep and suspension. It is a replacement to the Wind Erosion Equation (WEQ).