Oil & Gas
SmartSectors

The oil and gas sector includes operations producing crude oil and natural gas extracted from wells and enterprises processing crude oil into petroleum products.

Use the checkboxes below to select an environmental performance and an economic indicator.

Environmental Performance Indicators


Economic Indicators




What is in this chart?

This chart shows criteria air pollutant (CAP) emission estimates, as captured in EPA’s National Emissions Inventory (NEI) between 1996 and 2020, for establishments classified within NEI as “Oil and Gas Production.” CAP emissions for this sector decreased from 886 thousand tons in 1996 to 619 thousand tons in 2020.

What are criteria air pollutants and precursors?

CAPs and precursors include lead, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter (PM) 10 microns in diameter or less, PM 2.5 microns in diameter or less, volatile organic compounds, and ammonia.

Select an Economic Indicator Click to View Totals

What is in this chart?

This chart shows criteria air pollutant (CAP) emission estimates, as captured in EPA’s National Emissions Inventory (NEI) between 1996 and 2017, for establishments classified within NEI as “Oil and Gas Production.” CAP emissions for this sector decreased from 886 thousand tons in 1996 to 541 thousand tons in 2017.

What are criteria air pollutants and precursors?

CAPs and precursors include lead, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter (PM) 10 microns in diameter or less, PM 2.5 microns in diameter or less, volatile organic compounds, and ammonia.

Use the checkboxes below to select an environmental performance indicator and an economic indicator.

Environmental Performance Indicators



Economic Indicators


What is in this chart?

This chart shows criteria air pollutant (CAP) emission estimates, as captured in EPA’s National Emissions Inventory (NEI) between 1996 and 2017, for establishments classified within NEI as “Petroleum Refineries and Related Industries.” CAP emissions for this sector decreased from 1.4 million tons in 1996 to 260 thousand tons in 2017.

What are criteria air pollutants and precursors?

CAPs and precursors include lead, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter (PM) 10 microns in diameter or less, PM 2.5 microns in diameter or less, volatile organic compounds, and ammonia.

Select an Economic Indicator Click to View Totals

What is in this chart?

This chart shows criteria air pollutant (CAP) emission estimates, as captured in EPA’s National Emissions Inventory (NEI) between 1996 and 2017, for establishments classified within NEI as “Petroleum Refineries and Related Industries.” CAP emissions for this sector decreased from 1.4 million tons in 1996 to 260 thousand tons in 2017.

What are criteria air pollutants and precursors?

CAPs and precursors include lead, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter (PM) 10 microns in diameter or less, PM 2.5 microns in diameter or less, volatile organic compounds, and ammonia.

Select Sub-sector:

The oil and gas sector includes establishments engaged in:

  • Exploration, development, extraction, and production of crude oil and natural gas from underground wells or from surfaces shales and tars (NAICS 211).
  • Processing and refining crude oil into refined petroleum products (gasoline, diesel, lubricants, asphalt binders, etc.) through processes involving fractionation, distillation and/or cracking (NAICS 32411).

Data presented in the Snapshot cover oil and gas production (NAICS 211) or petroleum processing (NAICS 32411) depending on the selection. The number of facilities reporting data for the most recent year represented in the Snapshot charts for each environmental indicator are shown below:

Indicator EPA Program Facilities Reporting
Air Emission Toxic Release Inventory 289 (production) 139 (processing)
Criteria air pollutants National Emission Inventory 1670 (production) 119 (processing)
Greenhouse gases Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions & Sinks 451 (production) 133 (processing)
Hazardous waste National Biannual Report 66 (production) 139 (processing)
Production-related waste managed Toxic Release Inventory 305 (production) 140 (processing)
Recycling of waste chemicals Toxic Release Inventory 3 (production) 38 (processing)
Releases to land Toxic Release Inventory 20 (production) 56 (processing)
Water discharges Toxic Release Inventory 5 (production) 91 (processing)

NOTE: Variation in facilities counts between indicators reflects differences in reporting requirements. For more information, click on the program links in the chart description.

The Smart Sectors Oil and Gas Sector Information page has more details on the industry and related EPA programs.

Criteria Air Pollutants

How to Download Your Data

Note: The data are available in a tab or comma-delimited text format that must be imported into a program that will allow you to analyze the file (such as Excel).

  1. Go to: Get Air Emissions Data | US EPA which has a table with yearly data tables. Download the data years desired.
  2. In the “Table of Air Emissions Data by Year and Time”, select the relevant NEI file under the Triennial NEI column for years within the range of the Snapshot Sectors Graphic.
  3. For 1996 – 2005, select the file with “naics” or “sics” in the file name. For example, for 2000, use the “2000sicsummarymade09” file, but for 2005, use the “naics_summary.zip” file.
  4. For 2008 and onwards, click the “Data Summaries” hyperlink, then download the “Facility-level by Pollutant” file.
  5. Oil and Gas Production facilities are grouped under SIC codes 1311 and 1321 for the years 1996 and 1999 and NAICS codes beginning with 211 for the years 2002 – 2017.
  6. Using the SIC and NAICS variables, filter for oil and gas production facilities, then sum total emissions of CO, NOX, VOC, PM10, NH3, and SO2 in each year to arrive at the totals shown in this chart.
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Greenhouse Gases

How to Download Your Data
  1. Go to Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions and Removals | US EPA.
  2. Under “National” select the “EPA's Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks”, then select “Annual Report”
  3. In the table presented, navigate to the “Related Data Files” column.
  4. Open folder for Chapter 3 - Energy
  5. For each year, 1996 onwards, sum the following:
    1. In table 3-37 (CH4 from Petroleum Systems), sum of “Exploration” and “Production (Total)” rows, million metric tons CO2e (MMT CO2e)
    2. In table 3-39 (CO2 from Petroleum Systems), sum of “Exploration” and “Production” rows, million metric tons CO2e (MMT CO2e)
    3. In table 3-41 (N2O from Petroleum Systems), sum of “Exploration” and “Production” rows, and then divide by 1,000,000 (units are in metric tons CO2e)
    4. In table 3-57 (CH4 from Natural Gas Systems), sum of “Exploration” and “Production” rows, million metric tons CO2e (MMT CO2e)
    5. In table 3-59 (CO2 from Natural Gas Systems), sum of “Exploration” and “Production” rows, million metric tons CO2e (MMT CO2e)
    6. In table 3-61 (N2O from Natural Gas Systems), sum of “Exploration” and “Production” rows, and then divide by 1,000,000 (units are in metric tons CO2e)
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Hazardous Waste Generation

How to Download Your Data
  1. Go to https://rcrapublic.epa.gov/rcra-hwip/trends-and-analysis/details/7
  2. Repeat the following steps for each reporting cycle. You will be able to access data for one year at a time but multiple NAICS codes. For each reporting cycle, to recreate the values shown in this chart:
    1. Select a data year in the “Report Cycle” box and click on the blue “Update filter” box.
    2. Click on the “…” menu option in the upper right hand corner of the Generator List Box.
    3. Click on “Download results,” chose the file format you want and save the file on your computer.
    4. Open the file and create a filter the records in the “naics_code” column.
    5. Sort or filter the “naics_code” column for the following NAICS codes:
      • 21112 CRUDE PETROLEUM EXTRACTION
      • 211120 CRUDE PETROLEUM EXTRACTION
      • 211130 NATURAL GAS EXTRACTION
  3. Reporting cycles: Select each year individually that is presented on the Sector Snapshots graphic.
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Criteria Air Pollutants

How to Download Your Data

Note: The data are available in a tab or comma-delimited text format that must be imported into a program that will allow you to analyze the file (such as Excel).

  1. For 1996, 1999, 2002, and 2005:
    1. Navigate to: https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-inventories/pollutant-emissions-summary-files-earlier-neis
    2. Download the data file for each year by navigating to the Emissions Summary file and downloading the ZIP file beginning with “[year]facilitysummary.”
  2. For 2018 onwards, go to: Get Air Emissions Data | US EPA
  3. In the “Table of Air Emissions Data by Year and Time”, select “available” under the Triennial NEI column for years within the range of the Snapshot Sectors Graphic.
  4. At each link, click the “Data Summaries” tab, then download the “Facility-level by Pollutant” File.
  5. Oil and gas processing facilities are grouped under SIC code 2911 for the years 1996 and 1999 and NAICS codes beginning with 32411 for the years 2002 – 2017.
  6. Using the SIC and NAICS variables, filter for oil and gas processing facilities, then sum total emissions of CO, NOX, VOC, PM10, NH3, and SO2 in each year to arrive at the totals shown in this chart.
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Greenhouse Gases

How to Download Your Data
  1. Go to Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions and Removals | US EPA.
  2. Under “National” select the “EPA's Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks”, then select “Annual Report”
  3. In the table presented, navigate to the “Related Data Files” column.
  4. Open folder for Chapter 3 - Energy
  5. For each year, 1996 onwards, sum the following:
    1. In table 3-37 (CH4 from Petroleum Systems), “Refining” row, million metric tons CO2e (MMT CO2e)
    2. In table 3-39 (CO2 from Petroleum Systems), “Crude Refining” row, million metric tons CO2e (MMT CO2e)
    3. In table 3-41 (N2O from Petroleum Systems), “Crude Refining” row, and then divide by 1,000,000 (units are in metric tons CO2e)
    4. In table 3-57 (CH4 from Natural Gas Systems), “Processing” row, million metric tons CO2e (MMT CO2e)
    5. In table 3-59 (CO2 from Natural Gas Systems), “Processing” row, million metric tons CO2e (MMT CO2e)
    6. In table 3-61 (N2O from Natural Gas Systems), “Processing” row, and then divide by 1,000,000 (units are in metric tons CO2e)
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Energy Use

How to Download Your Data
  1. Go to https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/archive.php
  2. This will bring you to the Annual Energy Outlook (AEO) Products – Archive which contains links to historical data sets.
  3. Under “Supplement Tables,” click on the HTML link for data by year. For each year shown in the Snapshot, users should select the AEO report published the following year for data. For example, for energy use data from 2020, the user should use the 2020 data published in the 2021 Annual Energy Outlook.
  4. Go to Table 24. Refining Industry Energy Consumption and click on the XLS option.
  5. For each year, copy the value for “Total” under “Energy Consumption”
  6. For other years, it will be necessary to repeat the process above.
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Hazardous Waste Generation

How to Download Your Data
  1. Go to https://rcrapublic.epa.gov/rcra-hwip/trends-and-analysis/details/7
  2. Repeat the following steps for each reporting cycle. You will be able to access data for one year at a time but multiple NAICS codes. For each reporting cycle, to recreate the values shown in this chart:
    1. Select a data year in the “Report Cycle” box and click on the blue “Update filter” box.
    2. Click on the “…” menu option in the upper right hand corner of the Generator List Box.
    3. Click on “Download results,” chose the file format you want and save the file on your computer.
    4. Open the file and create a filter the records in the “naics_code” column.
    5. Sort or filter the “naics_code” column for the following NAICS codes:
      • 32411 PETROLEUM REFINERIES
      • 324110 PETROLEUM REFINERIES
  3. Reporting cycles: Select each year individually that is presented on the Sector Snapshots graphic.
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Dollar Value of Gross Output

How to Download Your Data
  1. Go to GDP by Industry | U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)
  2. Click on Underlying Detail Tables, Annual, 1997-2022
  3. Select “Gross Output by Industry.”
  4. Select “U.Gross Output by Industry (A).” Then on the next page, click “Next Step.” The resulting data table will then load.
  5. Select “Modify” in the upper-right-hand corner of the table. In the resulting window:
    1. Set the scale as “Billions”
    2. Set the start year as “1997-A”
    3. Set the end year as the last year presented in the graphic.
    4. In the code list, select only “(211)” Do not select any other item in this menu, doing so may double count.
    5. Click “Refresh Table”
  6. Row 1 of the resulting table, labeled “Chemical products” provides the corresponding data shown in this chart for each year.
  7. (Optional) Download the dataset in XLS, CSV, or PDF format.

Note: NAICS 324110 (Petroleum Refineries) is not available in this dataset.

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Employment

How to Download Your Data

Note: The data are available in a comma-delimited text format that must be imported into a software package that will allow you to analyze the file.

  1. Go to https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/cbp/data/datasets.html
  2. Click on any link labeled “County Business Patterns: YEAR.” On the resulting page, click the “Complete U.S. File” link and download the corresponding file. Repeat this process for each year corresponding to years presented in the graphic.
  3. Open each file in a software package of your choice that can process comma-delimited text files. Repeat the steps below for each file.
  4. For entities with suppressed data, the Census Bureau replaces all employment values with zeroes, and this underestimates the total number of employees in each sector. Using your software package, replace the suppression flags with the midpoint of the Data Suppression Flag employment ranges per the table below.
    Empflag Data Suppression Flag Employment Size Class Midpoint
    Min Max
    A 0 19 10
    B 20 99 60
    C 100 249 175
    E 250 499 375
    F 500 999 750
    G 1000 2,499 1,750
    H 2,500 4,999 3,750
    I 5000 9,999 7,500
    J 10,000 24,999 17,500
    K 25,000 49,999 37,500
    L 50,000 99,999 75,000
    M 100,000 >100,000 100,000
  5. In your software package, filter the data for NAICS codes that begin with 211.
  6. With the filter in place, aggregate the “emp” column across all records.
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Produced Goods

How to Download Your Data

Note: The Oil & Gas Snapshot uses the same production economic indicator value for the Processing and Production sub-sectors. This value is based on crude oil and gross withdrawals of natural gas, which are inputs to processed petroleum products and processed natural gas.

  1. For petroleum quantity produced:
    1. Go to https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_crd_crpdn_adc_mbbl_m.htm
    2. Change the displayed “Period-Unit” dropdown to “Annual-Thousand Barrels”
    3. Click “Download Series History.” The resulting spreadsheet file will contain a worksheet, “Data 1” with “U.S. Field Production of Crude Oil (Thousand Barrels)” as Column B.
    4. To convert petroleum (thousand barrels) to Btu, multiply each annual value by 5,800,000,000.
  2. For natural gas quantity produced:
    1. Go to https://www.eia.gov/dnav/ng/ng_prod_sum_a_EPG0_FGW_mmcf_m.htm
    2. Confirm that the “Data Series” dropdown displays “Gross Withdrawals.”
    3. Change the displayed “Period-Unit” dropdown to “Annual-Million Cubic Feet”
    4. Click “Download Series History.” The resulting spreadsheet file will contain a worksheet, “Data 1” with “U.S. Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals (MMcf)” as Column B.
    5. To convert natural gas (MMcf) to Btu, multiply each value by 1,037,000,000.
  3. Sum the converted petroleum values with the converted natural gas quantity values for each year to calculate the total quantity produced in Btu in each year.
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Constant Dollar Output Value (2017)

How to Download Your Data
  1. The constant dollar output metric uses inflation-adjusted economic output values. This contrasts with the dollar value of gross output (nominal output), which does not account for inflation.
  2. The GDP Implicit Price Deflator (IPD) is used to adjust the dollar value of gross output for inflation.
  3. The IPD is calculated by dividing nominal economic output (i.e., GDP) by constant dollar economic output and reflects the impact of prices on the measure of economic output. It is similar to the widely reported Consumer Price Index, but the IPD is more commonly used to reflect price increases facing businesses as well as consumers. The IPD is specified in the RCRA regulations.
  4. The IPD is indexed to a base year. When this chart was created, the IPD used 2017 as the base year (2017 IDP = 100). For each annual economic output data element in the Sector Snapshot data, nominal output values are converted to constant dollar output values using this formula: Constant Dollar Output Value = Nominal Output Value (as currently displayed in Sector Snapshots) / [(IPD for current year) / (IPD for base year)]
  5. IPD data is sourced from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED) at https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDPDEF#.
  6. The constant dollar output values are also used to calculate intensity ratios for each environmental performance indicator.
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Employment

How to Download Your Data

Note: The data are available in a comma-delimited text format that must be imported into a software package that will allow you to analyze the file.

  1. Go to https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/cbp/data/datasets.html
  2. Click on any link labeled “County Business Patterns: YEAR.” On the resulting page, click the “Complete U.S. File” link and download the corresponding file. Repeat this process for each year corresponding to years presented in the graphic.
  3. Open each file in a software package of your choice that can process comma-delimited text files. Repeat the steps below for each file.
  4. For entities with suppressed data, the Census Bureau replaces all employment values with zeroes, and this underestimates the total number of employees in each sector. Using your software package, replace the suppression flags with the midpoint of the Data Suppression Flag employment ranges per the table below.
    Empflag Data Suppression Flag Employment Size Class Midpoint
    Min Max
    A 0 19 10
    B 20 99 60
    C 100 249 175
    E 250 499 375
    F 500 999 750
    G 1000 2,499 1,750
    H 2,500 4,999 3,750
    I 5000 9,999 7,500
    J 10,000 24,999 17,500
    K 25,000 49,999 37,500
    L 50,000 99,999 75,000
    M 100,000 >100,000 100,000
  5. In your software package, filter the data for NAICS codes that begin with 324110.
  6. With the filter in place, aggregate the “emp” column across all records.
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Produced Goods

How to Download Your Data

Note: The Oil & Gas Snapshot uses the same production economic indicator value for the Processing and Production sub-sectors. This value is based on crude oil and gross withdrawals of natural gas, which are inputs to processed petroleum products and processed natural gas.

  1. For petroleum quantity produced:
    1. Go to https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_crd_crpdn_adc_mbbl_m.htm
    2. Change the displayed “Period-Unit” dropdown to “Annual-Thousand Barrels”
    3. Click “Download Series History.” The resulting spreadsheet file will contain a worksheet, “Data 1” with “U.S. Field Production of Crude Oil (Thousand Barrels)” as Column B.
    4. To convert petroleum (thousand barrels) to Btu, multiply each annual value by 5,800,000,000.
  2. For natural gas quantity produced:
    1. Go to https://www.eia.gov/dnav/ng/ng_prod_sum_a_EPG0_FGW_mmcf_m.htm
    2. Confirm that the “Data Series” dropdown displays “Gross Withdrawals.”
    3. Change the displayed “Period-Unit” dropdown to “Annual-Million Cubic Feet”
    4. Click “Download Series History.” The resulting spreadsheet file will contain a worksheet, “Data 1” with “U.S. Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals (MMcf)” as Column B.
    5. To convert natural gas (MMcf) to Btu, multiply each value by 1,037,000,000.
  3. Sum the converted petroleum values with the converted natural gas quantity values for each year to calculate the total quantity produced in Btu in each year.
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