An Overview of Ecological Risk Assessment

The ecological risk assessment process consists of three main phases, seen in the accompanying flow chart: problem formulation, risk analysis, and risk characterization. Three additional compartments appear in the flow chart: planning, risk communication/management, and iterative monitoring/data acquisition.

During planning, scientists and managers with input from stakeholders seek agreement on the focus, scope and complexity of an assessment. Then the formal risk assessment process commences with problem formulation during which key questions, conceptual models and an analysis plan are developed. The analysis phase evaluates the exposure of valued ecological resources to stressors and the relationship between stressor levels and ecological effects. During risk characterization, the risks are described and if possible estimated quantitatively, forming the basis for the assessment's conclusions and a report. Monitoring and new data acquisition may occur in support of any of these phases, wherever needed. After completion, the risk assessment's findings are communicated to the managers, who determine a course of action.