Office of Research and Development Publications

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This is a public presentation on the potential effects of nutrients in smoke on downwind cyanobacteria blooms. Wildfire activity is increasing in the continental U.S. and can be linked to climate change effects, including rising temperatures and more frequent drought conditions. ...

The relationship between environmental chemical exposure and a spectrum of neurological diseases is well-established. However, unraveling the underlying mechanism between human exposure and toxic outcomes presents significant challenges. Evaluation of neurotoxicity potential usin...

The meeting aims to 1) discuss progress towards updating the Initial Recommendations to an OECD guidance, 2) discuss the regulatory implementation of the current DNT-IVB and strategy to include/exclude additional assays, and 3) discuss complementary aspects of the guidance that a...

Neurite outgrowth is an important precursor to synapse formation and assays for neurite outgrowth are part of an in vitro battery (IVB) of assays for developmental neurotoxicity screening (DNT). This battery of assays evaluates chemical effects on key neurodevelopmental processes...

Background and Purpose: Current in vitro toxicology methods typically rely on exposure of cells to compounds that were added to the culture media. For neurotoxicity, in vitro exposure of rat cortical neural networks plated on multi-well microelectrode array plates (MEAs) have bee...

EPA has conducted prior decontamination research for traditional CWAs, but there is a scientific data gap for decontamination technologies capable of remediating sensitive equipment contaminated with a Fourth Generation Agent (FGA). The purpose of this project was to evaluate the...

Background: In vitro new approach methods (NAMs) have been developed for evaluating developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) potential. One such DNT NAM, the Network Formation Assay (NFA), uses a twelve-day exposure model to measure neuronal network activity changes in primary rat corti...

A probability-based sampling design can be used to create statistically defensible sampling plans. However, these plans may have sampling collection and/or processing demands that exceed allotted resources. Targeted sampling designs, also referred to as judgmental sampling, use p...

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from acid-driven reactive uptake of isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) contributes up to 40% of organic aerosol (OA) mass in fine particulate matter. Previous work showed substantial conversions of particulate inorganic sulfates to surface-active organosu...

Atmospheric nitrate is a key atmosphere component with implications for air quality, nutrient deposition, and climate.  However, accurately representing atmospheric nitrate concentrations within atmospheric chemistry models is a persistent challenge.  A contributing fac...

This is an invited outreach presentation to provide an introduction to environmental justice. It presents no new data or ongoing research from ORD.

This presentation seeks to provide basic information about PFAS chemistry, occurrence, and accumulation/potential impacts in biota to a group of non-scientists. This presentation includes no EPA data. 

Arsenic discharge and mobilization from the pollution source depend on the minerals that host arsenic, the matrix of local water, the redox condition, and the water flow. A disposable enzyme sensor has been developed for As(III) determination in site assessment. To evaluate the s...

The US EPA has developed a set of annual North American anthropogenic and fire emissions data for criteria air pollutants across 18 broad source catagories for 2002 through 2017.  The sixteen new annual emissions inventories were developed using consistent input data and met...

Over the past decade, a concerted effort has been made to develop in vitro and alternative assays that detect compounds with the potential to cause developmental neurotoxicity. As a result, a battery of assays has been developed that is believed to be useful for decision-making r...

While SWMM has arguably played a pivotal role in pollution control in collection systems since its introduction, traditional applications using the model have been relatively static. They typically involve calibrating and validating SWMM models with data collected and curated for...

Protein processing operations include animal slaughtering, meat and poultry product production, and/or rendering of byproducts. These facilities utilize large volumes of water for hair/hide/feather removal, carcass washing, chilling, trimming and cutting, cooking, and cleaning/sa...

Assessing the fate of PFAS in the environment requires improved analytical methodologies to quantify a greater variety of PFAS and application of these methods to investigate their occurrence in complex sample matrices. PFAS precursors are a compound class of emerging concern tha...

Metals are used in 3-dimensional (3D) printer filaments in the manufacture of 3D printed objects. Exposure to the filaments, printed objects and emissions from printing may pose health risks from release of toxic metals. This study investigated the cytotoxicity of extruded 3D pri...

Background:  Xenobiotic metabolites are widely present in human urine and can indicate recent exposure to environmental chemicals. Proper inference of which chemicals contribute to these metabolites can inform human exposure and risk. Furthermore, longitudinal biomonitoring...

Recent advances in high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) have enabled the detection of thousands of chemicals from a single sample, while computational methods have improved the identification and quantification of these chemicals in the absence of reference standards typicall...

This technical summary report provides a review of the U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development’s (ORD) laboratory studies that evaluated the efficacy of decontamination techniques to neutralize ricin on a variety of different surfaces. The tests referenced in this summa...

A prior multigenerational perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) exposure investigation in zebrafish reported adverse effects at 0.734 µg/L, among the lowest aquatic effect levels for PFOS reported to date. The present three-generation PFOS exposure quantified survival, growt...

This presentation will cover the exposure pathways of PFAS with particular emphasis on biosolids and landfills.   Temporal and Spatial Assessment of PFAS in Wastewater Treatment- Project designed to:  Develop a better understanding of the temporal variability of PF...

Accurate fire emissions inventories are crucial to predict the impacts of wildland fires on air quality and atmospheric composition. Two traditional approaches are widely used to calculate fire emissions: a satellite-based top-down approach and a fuels-based bottom-up approach. H...