Science Inventory

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&ldquo;Green&rdquo; pyrotechnics seek to remove known environmental pollutants and health hazards from their formulations. This chemical engineering approach often focuses on maintaining performance effects upon replacement of objectionable ingredients, yet neglects the chemical ...

Assessing developmental toxicity has a critical role in environmental health policy. New approach methodologies (NAMs) that enable in vitro profiling aim to quickly evaluate the human toxicity potential of thousands of chemicals with less reliance on animal testing. This comes wi...

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are of concern due to their persistence in the environment and potential health effects to both human and wildlife. However, for many PFAS there is very limited or no toxicity information related to the modes of action in aquatic species...

Abstract: River water temperatures are increasing globally, particularly in urban systems. In winter, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent inputs are of particular concern because they increase water temperatures from near freezing to ~7&ndash;15?C. Recent laboratory studie...

Overview of James Lazorchak educational and work history. Presents some of my significant contributions to EPA and the scientific literature and introduces one of the most important Endocrine disruption experiments conducted at the Canadian Experimental Lakes Area.

The existence of 10,000+ chemicals lacking thorough toxicity data necessitates the use of in vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) assays for hazard identification and chemical prioritization. A major limitation of existing high-throughput assays is their lack of endogenous cellu...

The focus of this meeting is the SAP's review and comment on the Agency's proposed high-throughput computational model of androgen receptor pathway activity as an alternative to the current Tier 1 androgen receptor assay (OCSPP 890.1150: Androgen Receptor Binding Rat Prostate Cyt...

Iodothyronine deiodinases (DIO) are key enzymes that influence tissue-specific thyroid hormone levels during thyroid-mediated amphibian metamorphosis. Within the larger context of evaluating chemicals for thyroid system disrupting potential, chemical activity toward DIOs is being...

The US EPA Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program has identified several molecular thyroid targets relevant to hormone synthesis dynamics that have been adapted to high-throughput screening assays to rapidly evaluate the ToxCast/Tox21 chemical inventories for potential thyroid dis...

Thyroid hormone system disrupting chemicals (THDCs) are widely regarded as potential threats to human and environmental health. Thus, significant efforts have been made within both the human health and ecotoxicology communities to develop screening assays capable of identifying T...

In teleost fish, the balance between steroidal estrogens and androgens is essential during sexual differentiation and this balance is in turn dependent on the availability and activity of steroid synthesizing enzymes such as aromatase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of...

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large class of fluorinated organic chemicals of concern due to their broad occurrence and persistence in humans and the environment and potential health effects. In response to these concerns, over 140 PFAS were screened for 81 dif...

The Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility (SeqAPASS) tool v1.0 was released publicly in 2016 and has since evolved to incorporate a number of new features for rapid synthesis and evaluation of protein conservation across species to predict chemical susceptib...

Several adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) have linked endocrine related molecular initiating events like aromatase inhibition, androgen receptor (AR) agonism, and estrogen receptor (ER) antagonism, to reproductive impairment in adult (AOP25, AOP23, AOP30; aopwiki.com). It has been ...

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds that interfere with normal activity of the endocrine system. Many environmental contaminants can act as EDCs and impact the health of wildlife and humans. Many EDCs have been extensively studied using animal models, in vitro tec...

Water-borne contaminants were monitored in 69 tributaries of the Laurentian Great Lakes in 2010 and 2014 using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs), and polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS). A risk-based screening approach was used to prioritize chemicals and che...

The emissions of chemicals from indoor, or &ldquo;near-field&rdquo;, sources such building materials and household articles contribute significantly to human exposure. These chemicals may include plasticizers (e.g., phthalates), flame retardants, synthetic fragrances, environment...

The US EPA employs high-throughput screening assays to identify environmental chemicals that may pose a risk to human health. Many assays are utilized by the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program to evaluate effects on estrogen, androgen, and thyroid endocrine pathways. Altered a...

This is a short presentation for the US EPA / Japan Ministry of the Environment 14th Bilateral Meeting on Endocrine Disruption Test Methods Development June 2021.

Jackfish Bay is an isolated Bay on the north shore of Lake Superior, Canada that has received effluent from a large bleached-kraft pulp mill since the 1940s. Studies conducted in the late 1980s found evidence of reductions in sex steroid hormone levels in multiple fish species li...

Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility (SeqAPASS), is a fast, online screening tool that allows researchers and regulators to extrapolate toxicity information across species. For some species, such as humans, mice, rats, and zebrafish, the EPA has a large amo...

Analysis of mechanistic evidence as part of a human health assessment can inform biological plausibility and human relevance of effects observed in in-vivo and in-vitro experimental models. Since their identification, the Key Characteristics of Carcinogens have served as an appro...

The US Environmental Protection Agency&rsquo;s endocrine disruptor screening program (EDSP) is tasked with assessing thousands of chemicals for their potential to adversely impact human health and the environment through perturbation of endocrine pathways. Traditionally, chemical...

Exposure to certain anthropogenic chemicals can inhibit the activity to cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19) in fishes leading to decreased plasma 17&beta;-estradiol (E2), plasma vitellogenin (VTG), and egg production. Reproductive dysfunction resulting from exposure to aromatase in...

The current study evaluated whether in vitro measures of aromatase inhibition as inputs into a quantitative adverse outcome pathway (qAOP) construct could effectively predict in vivo effects on 17&acirc;-estradiol (E2) and vitellogenin (VTG) concentrations in female fathead minno...