Office of Research and Development Publications

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Stress tests are used clinically to uncover underlying disease and predict future cardiovascular risk. Previously, we used treadmill exercise stress in rats to reveal latent effects of air pollution inhalation. Other daily stressors, when modeled experimentally, may have similar ...

Potentially harmful freshwater algal blooms of cyanobacteria (CHAB) are increasingly reported among US surface waters. Clear Lake in Lake County, CA is regularly impacted by CHABs during the spring through fall. As part of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)&rsquo;s effo...

As part of the EPA CARES study, we extracted electronic health records (EHRs) on 41,000 heart failure (HF) patients seen at a University of North Carolina affiliated hospital from 01/01/2004 through 12/31/2016. After data cleaning and restricting to those residing in North Caroli...

A number of adverse health impacts, including acute cardiovascular disease-related events, have been associated with exposure to fine particulate matter (e.g., PM2.5). Given the prevalence of data for PM2.5 mass concentrations, most of these studies are based upon total PM2.5 mas...

Background: Neighborhood deprivation may modify associations between early life trafficrelated air pollution and particulate matter &lt;2.5 &mu;m (PM2.5) exposure and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: We used data from the Study to Explore Early Development to evaluate the...

AQUATOX is an ecosystem simulation model that predicts the environmental fate of various pollutants, such as excess nutrients and organic chemicals, and their effects on aquatic ecosystems, including fish, invertebrates, and aquatic plants. AQUATOX is one of the preeminent tools ...

Incidences of harmful algal blooms (HABs) and Vibrio infections have increased over recent decades. Numerous studies have tried to identify environmental factors driving HABs and pathogenic Vibrio populations separately. Few have considered the two simultaneously, though emerging...

As part of the Coordinated Science and Monitoring Initiative (CSMI) in Lake Superior in 2016, a lake-wide benthic survey was conducted to assess the status of the benthic macroinvertebrate community with primary focus on the native amphipod Diporeia, Oligochaeta, Chironomidae, an...

UV irradiation is one of the most commonly used wastewater disinfection methods. Significant advantages of using the UV-based disinfection are that it leaves no residual and does not form any disinfection by products (DBPs) in the treated wastewater. However, the high-energy cost...

Background: Sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs) occur when untreated sewage is discharged into water sources before reaching the treatment facility, potentially contaminating the water source with gastrointestinal pathogens. Objectives: The objective of this paper is to assess associ...

This study aims to understand the effect of the rapid decontamination methods of high pressure washing and washing with salt additives on the penetration of radionuclides into concrete. To this end, we first identified how penetration profiles of Cs-137, Sr-85, and Eu-152 evolve ...

Background: Toxoplasma gondii infection can be acquired through ingestion of infectious tissue cysts in undercooked meat or environmental oocysts excreted by cats. This cross-sectional study assessed environmental risk factors for T.gondii infections and an association between la...

Sensitivity analyses on the system parameters revealed simple relationships between the bed design and the expected breakthrough of cesium, allowing us to generate a concise set of look-up tables to aid the early responders.

During the immediate, emergency phase of a response, it will be impossible to initiate activities other than establishing life-saving operations and securing a site for the safety of the public and first responders. This report contains a comprehensive list of proposed equipment ...

Model/Guide

This report updates the findings of the first Report to Congress, published in 2011, with respect to environmental and resource conservation impacts, which together are intended to address the Section 204 statutory impacts since the passage of the EISA. This report reflects the c...

There is mounting evidence linking land development and transportation investments with physical activity and diet as health behaviors important for chronic disease prevention. In addition, natural elements within an urban setting provide many physical and mental health benefits....

In April 2018, EPA released the draft <em>IRIS Assessment Plan for Ammonia and Ammonium Salts Noncancer Oral</em>. An IRIS Assessment Plan (IAP) communicates to the public the plan for assessing each individual chemical and includes summary information on the IRIS Program’s sco...

This draft Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) represents a concise synthesis and evaluation of the most policy-relevant science and will ultimately provide the scientific bases for EPA’s decision on retaining or revising the current secondary standards for NO₂, SO<sub...

Household air pollution from the burning of solid fuels for cooking and heating is estimated to cause 2.9 million deaths annually. Cardiovascular-related disease is a substantial contributor to the burden although evidence is limited. We evaluated the cross-sectional association ...

Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Value (PPRTV) assessments support the EPA mission to protect human health and the environment by identifying and characterizing the health hazards of chemicals of concern to the Superfund and RCRA Programs, and providing an important source of t...

Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Value (PPRTV) assessments support the EPA mission to protect human health and the environment by identifying and characterizing the health hazards of chemicals of concern to the Superfund and RCRA Programs, and providing an important source of t...

Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Value (PPRTV) assessments support the EPA mission to protect human health and the environment by identifying and characterizing the health hazards of chemicals of concern to the Superfund and RCRA Programs, and providing an important source of t...

Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Value (PPRTV) assessments support the EPA mission to protect human health and the environment by identifying and characterizing the health hazards of chemicals of concern to the Superfund and RCRA Programs, and providing an important source of t...

The <em>Integrated Science Assessment for Sulfur Oxides – Health Criteria</em> is a concise synthesis and evaluation of the most policy-relevant science, and has been prepared as part of the review of the primary (health-based) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for S...