Office of Research and Development Publications

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There is high demand in environmental health for adoption of a structured process that evaluates and integrates evidence while making decisions transparent. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework holds promise to address this deman...

Introduction: Host resistance assays, the gold standard of immunotoxicity testing, are a powerful approach to evaluate global functional capacity in a fully interactive immune system. Host resistance assays based on the clearance of a replicating infectious agent provide a critic...

Modern urban life style is associated with chronic stress, insufficient physical activity and exposure to anthropogenic environmental hazards. Urban green space, such as parks, playgrounds, and residential greenery, can promote mental and physical health and reduce morbidity and ...

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) continues to be an occupational and environmental health issue.&nbsp; Consequently, there is a need to employ predictive tests to reduce the incidence of skin sensitization leading to clinical manifestations of ACD.&nbsp;&nbsp; For more than a de...

Allergic diseases (atopy) include asthma, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and allergic sinusitis. It is estimated that up to 90% of asthmatics are atopic and have an allergy trigger for asthmatic episodes. In order to assess the risk of allergy induction associated with inhala...

Stress tests are used clinically to uncover underlying disease and predict future cardiovascular risk. Previously, we used treadmill exercise stress in rats to reveal latent effects of air pollution inhalation. Other daily stressors, when modeled experimentally, may have similar ...

Risk assessors use liver endpoints in rodent toxicology studies to assess the safety of chemical exposures. Yet, rodent endpoints may not accurately re&#64258;ect human responses. For this reason and others, human-based in vitro models are being developed and anchored to adverse ...

The discipline of immunotoxicology had its origins in the early 1970s, following the recognition of altered immune function and increased sensitivity to infections and cancers after exposure to environmental chemicals and therapeutic drugs. Reduced resistance to infectious diseas...

Incidences of harmful algal blooms (HABs) and Vibrio infections have increased over recent decades. Numerous studies have tried to identify environmental factors driving HABs and pathogenic Vibrio populations separately. Few have considered the two simultaneously, though emerging...

UV irradiation is one of the most commonly used wastewater disinfection methods. Significant advantages of using the UV-based disinfection are that it leaves no residual and does not form any disinfection by products (DBPs) in the treated wastewater. However, the high-energy cost...

Background: Sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs) occur when untreated sewage is discharged into water sources before reaching the treatment facility, potentially contaminating the water source with gastrointestinal pathogens. Objectives: The objective of this paper is to assess associ...

This study aims to understand the effect of the rapid decontamination methods of high pressure washing and washing with salt additives on the penetration of radionuclides into concrete. To this end, we first identified how penetration profiles of Cs-137, Sr-85, and Eu-152 evolve ...

Rural Ghanaian communities continue using microbiologically contaminated surface water sources due in part to undesirable organoleptic characteristics of groundwater from boreholes. Our objective was to identify thresholds of physical and chemical parameters associated with consu...

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic bacteria that exhibit some similarities to algae and can be found naturally in lakes, streams, ponds, and other surface waters. However, toxin producing cyanobacteria have become an increasing concern as growth rates have been escalating. Neverthe...

Knowledge of the ontogeny of Phase I and Phase II metabolizing enzymes may be used to inform children's vulnerability based upon likely differences in internal dose from xenobiotic exposure. This might provide a qualitative assessment of toxicokinetic (TK) variability and uncerta...

Sensitivity analyses on the system parameters revealed simple relationships between the bed design and the expected breakthrough of cesium, allowing us to generate a concise set of look-up tables to aid the early responders.

During the immediate, emergency phase of a response, it will be impossible to initiate activities other than establishing life-saving operations and securing a site for the safety of the public and first responders. This report contains a comprehensive list of proposed equipment ...

Model/Guide

In April 2018, EPA released the draft <em>IRIS Assessment Plan for Ammonia and Ammonium Salts Noncancer Oral</em>. An IRIS Assessment Plan (IAP) communicates to the public the plan for assessing each individual chemical and includes summary information on the IRIS Program’s sco...

This presentation provides a high level overview of the development of a life cycle inventory of electricity being led by EPA in collaboration with NREL and NETL.

Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Value (PPRTV) assessments support the EPA mission to protect human health and the environment by identifying and characterizing the health hazards of chemicals of concern to the Superfund and RCRA Programs, and providing an important source of t...

The <em>Integrated Science Assessment for Sulfur Oxides – Health Criteria</em> is a concise synthesis and evaluation of the most policy-relevant science, and has been prepared as part of the review of the primary (health-based) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for S...

The collection of chemical structure information and associated experimental data for quantitative structure&ndash;activity/property relationship (QSAR/QSPR) modeling is facilitated by an increasing number of public databases containing large amounts of useful data. However, the ...

The field of toxicoepigenetics is rapidly emerging to provide new insights into the relationship between environmental factors, the epigenome, and public health. Toxicoepigenetic data have the potential to revolutionize our understanding of environmental exposure effects and susc...

Water quality data at gaging stations are typically compared with established federal, state, or local water quality standards to determine if violations (concentrations of specific constituents falling outside acceptable limits) have occurred. Based on the frequency and severity...