Science Inventory

Pollinators provide ecological services essential to maintaining our food supply and propagating natural habitats. Populations are in decline due to environmental stressors including pesticides, pathogens, and habitat loss. To better understand the impacts of pesticide exposures ...

Native bee species in the United States provide key pollination services that support both natural ecosystems and agriculture. However, pesticide use, habitat loss, pathogens, competition, and climate change have contributed to the decline of native bee populations. Bombus affini...

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) and native North American bees provide crucial pollination services that support both agricultural crops production and wild plant diversity. Yet they are threatened by a multitude of stressors including exposure to pesticides, and as a result many spe...

Peponapis pruinosa, the hoary squash bee, is an important specialist pollinator of cucurbit crops like pumpkins and squash across North America. As a solitary ground-nesting bee that nests within or near cucurbit fields, P. pruinosa provides essential pollination services that ca...

Agricultural insecticide treatments can have wide ranging impacts to native pollinators and may contribute to population-level impacts that affect species longevity; this is particularly true for endangered species such as Bombus affinis, the rusty patched bumblebee. Pesticides a...

Diamide insecticides, including chlorantraniliprole (CHL), cyantraniliprole (CYAN), and flubendiamide (FLU), act on the ryanodine receptor (RyR) to control lepidopteran agricultural pests. This class of insecticides has been increasing in popularity over the past decade, with CHL...

Pollinators provide ecological services essential to maintaining our food supply and propagating natural habitats. However, populations are in serious decline due to causative environmental stressors including pesticides, pathogens, poor nutrition, and habitat loss. To better und...

Estimating field-realistic pesticide residues across spatially and temporally explicit dimensions is an important step in quantifying species exposures. Chemical residues in air, soil, nectar, and pollen are particularly relevant for bumblebees, which may be exposed during foragi...

Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) are one of the most important managed pollinators of agricultural crops. While potential effects of agricultural pesticides on honey bee health have been investigated in some settings, risks to honey bees associated with exposures occurring in the p...

Hummingbirds are charismatic fauna that provide important pollination services, including in the continental US, where 15 species regularly breed. Compared to other birds in North America, hummingbirds (family Trochilidae) have a unique exposure route to pesticides because they f...

 Neonicotinoid insecticides are some of the fastest growing and most commonly used pesticides globally. Imidacloprid (IMI), a primary neonicotinoid, has become a ubiquitous contaminant in surface waters near agricultural areas. IMI is effective in the prevention of insect in...

Bumble bees are important pollinators for both native plants and managed agricultural systems. Accumulating evidence has shown that pesticides, including neonicotinoids, can have a range of adverse effects on bumble bee health. Most laboratory studies that assess the effects of c...

Chemical exposure estimation through the dermal route is an underemphasized area of ecological risk assessment for terrestrial animals. Currently, there are efforts to create exposure models to estimate doses from this pathway for use in ecological risk assessment. One significan...

Global regulation of chemicals is shifting away from whole animal toxicity testing for decision-making and exploring the utility of new approach methods (NAMs), which include computational techniques and high-throughput screening methods to understand chemical toxicity. Primarily...

Honey bees are crucial pollinators for agricultural crops but are threatened by a multitude of stressors including exposure to pesticides. Linking our understanding of how pesticides affect individual bees to colony-level responses is challenging because colonies show emergent pr...

The regulatory landscape is shifting away from whole animal testing for decision-making and exploring the utility of new approach methods (NAMs), which include computational techniques to understand chemical toxicity. Primarily these efforts have focused on reducing the use of ve...

Pesticide impacts to colonies of honeybees (Apis mellifera) are of increasing concern due to the importance of honeybees as crop pollinators. Honeybees have a multi-stage life history driven by a complex social system and make use of both fresh and stored food resources. This com...

Pollinators, such as bees, provide an essential function in the environment fertilizing plants including food crops relied upon for livestock and human consumption. Due to an increased awareness of declining pollinator health, there are global efforts to protect pollinators from ...