Science Inventory

<< Previous

Next >>

The aryl hydrocarbon receptors (Ahrs) are evolutionarily conserved ligand-dependent transcription factors that are activated by structurally diverse endogenous compounds as well as environmental chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and halogenated aromatic hydrocarb...

In a joint effort involving scientists from academia, industry and regulatory agencies, ECETOC's activities in Omics have led to conceptual proposals for: (1) A framework that assures data quality for reporting and inclusion of Omics data in regulatory assessments; and (2) an app...

Exposure science is evolving from its traditional &ldquo;after the fact&rdquo; and &ldquo;one chemical at a time&rdquo; approach to&nbsp;forecasting&nbsp;chemical exposures rapidly enough to keep pace with the&nbsp;constantly expanding&nbsp;landscape of chemicals and exposures. I...

To reduce reliance on long-term in vivo studies, short-term data linking early molecular-based measurement to later adverse health effects is needed.&nbsp; Although transcriptional-based benchmark dose (BMDT) modeling has been used to estimate potencies and stratify chemicals bas...

The predominantly animal-centric approach of chemical safety assessment has increasingly come under pressure. Society is questioning overall performance, sustainability, continued relevance for human health risk assessment and ethics of this system, demanding a change of paradigm...

Mercury (Hg) is a widespread element and persistent pollutant, harmful to fish, wildlife, and humans in its organic, methylated form. The risk of Hg contamination is driven by factors that regulate Hg loading, methylation, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification. In remote location...

A challenging step in human risk assessment of chemicals is the derivation of safe thresholds. The Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) concept is one option which can be used for the safety evaluation of substances with a limited toxicity dataset, but for which exposure is s...

Biodiversity collections are experiencing a renaissance fueled by the intersection of informatics, emerging technologies, and the extended use and interpretation of specimens and archived databases. This paper explores the potential for and proposes a framework towards transforma...

A biologically based computational model was developed to describe the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in developing Xenopus laevis larvae. The goal of this effort was to develop a tool that can be used to better understand mechanisms of thyroid hormone-mediated metamor...

The use of larval zebrafish developmental testing and assessment, specifically larval zebrafish locomotor activity, has been recognized as a higher throughput testing strategy to identify developmentally toxic and neurotoxic chemicals. There are, however, no standardized protocol...

Thyroid hormone system disruption (THSD) negatively affects multiple developmental processes and organs. In fish, inhibition of deiodinases, which are enzymes crucial for (in)activating thyroid hormones (THs), leads to impaired swim bladder inflation. Until now, the underlying me...

Background Thousands of chemicals are observed in freshwater, typically at trace levels. Measurements are collected for different purposes, so sample characteristics vary. Due to inconsistent data availability for exposure and hazard, it is complex to prioritize which chemicals m...

Non-targeted analysis (NTA) and suspect screening analysis (SSA) are powerful techniques that rely on high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and computational tools to detect and identify unknown or suspected chemicals in the exposome. Fully understanding the chemical exposome ...

This article briefly describes the recently released NTA Study Reporting Tool (SRT) and a plan for voluntary implementation of the SRT with the Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (JESEE). A first &quot;deployment&quot; of the SRT will occur for an upcoming...

Computational models that predict chemical bioaccumulation in fish generally account for the effect of biotransformation using an apparent first order whole-body rate constant (kB; d-1). The use of such models requires, therefore, that methods exist for estimating kB, ideally wit...

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a wide range of chemicals that are used in a variety of consumer and industrial products leading to direct human exposure. Many PFAS are chemically nonreactive and persistent in the environment, resulting in additional exposure from ...

Several adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) have linked molecular initiating events like aromatase inhibition, androgen receptor (AR) agonism, and estrogen receptor (ER) antagonism to reproductive impairment in adult fish. Estrogen receptor agonists can also cause adverse reproductiv...

New approach methodologies (NAMs) that make use of in vitro screening and in silico approaches to inform chemical evaluations rely on in vitro toxicokinetic (TK) data to translate in vitro bioactive concentrations to exposure metrics reflective of administered dose. With 1364 per...

The open literature was searched for laboratory toxicity data for marine/estuarine organisms exposed to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its degradation products of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), dichlorodiphenylchloroethyle...

In silico methods to estimate and/or quantify skin absorption of chemicals as a function of chemistry are needed to realistically predict pharmacological, occupational, and environmental exposures. The Potts&ndash;Guy equation is a well-established approach, using multi-linear re...

&lsquo;Cell Painting&rsquo; is an imaging-based high-throughput phenotypic profiling (HTPP) method in which cultured cells are fluorescently labeled to visualize subcellular structures (i.e., nucleus, nucleoli,&nbsp;endoplasmic reticulum, cytoskeleton, Golgi apparatus / plasma me...

Chemically induced steatosis is characterized by lipid accumulation associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and nucleus distortion. New approach methods integrating in vitro and in silico models are needed to identify chemicals that may induce these cellular e...

The Society for Birth Defects Research and Prevention (BDRP) strives to understand and protect against potential hazards to developing embryos, fetuses, children, and adults by bringing together scientific knowledge from diverse fields. The theme of 62nd Annual Meeting of BDRP, &...

Energy flows from land to sea and between pelagic and benthic environments&nbsp;have the potential to increase the connectivity between estuaries&nbsp;and adjacent ecosystems as well as among estuarine habitats. To identify such energy flows and the main trophic pathways of energ...

Habitat fragmentation and climate change are two of the greatest threats to biodiversity, yet their combined impacts and potential interactions are poorly understood, particularly in the context of demographic rates. The Usambara Mountains, Tanzania, comprise a highly fragmented ...