Science Inventory

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In October 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) convened an expert panel in Lisbon, Portugal in which the 2005 WHO TEFs for chlorinated dioxin-like compounds were reevaluated. In contrast to earlier panels that employed expert judgement and consensus-based assignment of TEF ...

The toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) approach for dioxin-like chemicals (DLCs) is currently based on a qualitative assessment of a heterogeneous data set of relative estimates of potency (REPs) spanning several orders of magnitude with highly variable study quality and relevance....

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was exposed through the diet to a mixture of non-ionic organic chemicals for 28 d, followed by a depuration phase, in accordance with OECD method 305. The mixture included hexachlorobenzene (HCB), 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB-52), 2,2',5,...

This work estimates benchmarks for new approach method (NAM)&nbsp;performance in predicting&nbsp;organ-level effects in repeat dose studies of adult animals based on variability in replicate animal studies. Treatment-related effect values from the&nbsp;Toxicity&nbsp;Reference dat...

The transfer of aquatic contaminants, including mercury (Hg), to terrestrial food webs is an often-overlooked exposure pathway to terrestrial animals. While research has implemented the use of shoreline spiders to assess aquatic to terrestrial Hg transfer, it is unclear whether H...

Toxicology has been an active research field for many decades, with academic, industrial and government involvement. Modern omics and computational approaches are changing the field, from merely disease-specific observational models into target-specific predictive models. Traditi...

To better understand endocrine disruption, the US Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Endocrine Disruptor&nbsp;Screening Program (EDSP) utilizes a two-tiered approach to investigate the potential of a chemical to interact with the estrogen, androgen, or thyroid systems. As&...

The objective of this research was to perform a genomics study of five cerium oxide particles, 4 nano and one micrometer-sized particles which have been studied previously by our group with respect to cytotoxicity, biochemistry and metabolomics.&nbsp;Human liver carcinoma HepG2 c...

The H295R test guideline assay evaluates the effect of test substances on synthesis of 17&beta;-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T). The objective of this study was to leverage commercial immunoassay technology to develop a more efficient H295R assay to measure E2 and T levels in...

New approach methods (NAMs) can reduce the need for chronic animal studies. Here, we apply benchmark dose (concentration) (BMD(C))&ndash;response modeling to transcriptomic changes in the liver of mice and in fathead minnow larvae after short-term exposures (7 days and 1 day, res...

Large repositories of in vitro bioactivity data such as US EPA's Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) provide a wealth of publicly accessible toxicity information for thousands of chemicals. These data can be used to calculate point-of-departure (POD) estimates via concentration-respons...

Large repositories of in vitro bioactivity data such as US EPA's Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) provide a wealth of publicly accessible toxicity information for thousands of chemicals. These data can be used to calculate point-of-departure (POD) estimates via concentration-respons...

Bioactivity data can be utilized in a tiered screening strategy for next generation risk assessment. The US Environmental Protection Agency Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) program makes in vitro medium- and high-throughput screening assay data publicly available for the prioritizat...

In Suriname, mercury (Hg) use has recently increased because of gold mining, which has put fish-reliant communities (e.g., Indigenous and Tribal) at risk of enhanced Hg exposure through the riverine fish these communities consume. To quantify how the magnitude of these risks chan...

The Toxicity Reference Database (ToxRefDB) contains in vivo study data from over 5900 guideline or guideline-like studies for over 1100 chemicals. The database includes information regarding study design, chemical treatment, dosing, treatment group parameters, treatment-related (...

Toxicogenomics (TGx) involves the application of transcriptomics to study how cells and organisms respond to environmental and chemical exposures through by measuring changes in gene expression. TGx technologies have proven to be valuable tools in human health and environmental r...

Watersheds are subjected to diverse anthropogenic inputs, exposing aquatic biota to a wide range of chemicals. Detection of multiple, different chemicals can challenge natural resource managers who often have to determine where to allocate potentially limited resources. Here, we ...

Various groups and researchers, including the authors of this work, have proposed different definitions of what constitutes per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The different definitions are all based on a structural definition. Although a structural definition is reasonab...

Thyroid hormone system disrupting compounds are considered potential threats for human and environmental health. Multiple adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) for thyroid hormone system disruption (THSD) are being developed in different taxa. Combining these AOPs results in a cross-sp...

In contrast to genotoxic carcinogens, there are currently no internationally agreed upon regulatory tools for identifying non-genotoxic carcinogens of human relevance. The rodent cancer bioassay is only used in certain regulatory sectors and is criticized for its limited predicti...

In 2005, the World Health Organization (WHO) re-evaluated Toxic Equivalency factors (TEFs) developed for dioxin-like compounds believed to act through the Ah receptor based on an updated database of relative estimated potency (REP)(REP2004&nbsp;database). This re-evalution identi...

The aryl hydrocarbon receptors (Ahrs) are evolutionarily conserved ligand-dependent transcription factors that are activated by structurally diverse endogenous compounds as well as environmental chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and halogenated aromatic hydrocarb...

In a joint effort involving scientists from academia, industry and regulatory agencies, ECETOC's activities in Omics have led to conceptual proposals for: (1) A framework that assures data quality for reporting and inclusion of Omics data in regulatory assessments; and (2) an app...

Exposure science is evolving from its traditional &ldquo;after the fact&rdquo; and &ldquo;one chemical at a time&rdquo; approach to&nbsp;forecasting&nbsp;chemical exposures rapidly enough to keep pace with the&nbsp;constantly expanding&nbsp;landscape of chemicals and exposures. I...

To reduce reliance on long-term in vivo studies, short-term data linking early molecular-based measurement to later adverse health effects is needed.&nbsp; Although transcriptional-based benchmark dose (BMDT) modeling has been used to estimate potencies and stratify chemicals bas...