Science Inventory

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Time is an important, but underappreciated component in chemical safety decisions. An estimated 15% of the chemicals in domestic commerce have traditional repeated dose toxicity testing data and even fewer have human health assessments that can be used to inform regulatory action...

The EPA Transcriptomic Assessment Product (ETAP) is a human health assessment that utilizes a standardized short-term in vivo study design and data analysis procedures to develop transcriptomic-based reference values for data poor chemicals. The reference value represents the dai...

Current estimates of the size of worldwide and domestic chemical inventories are substantial, with increasing trends in future chemical production and release. Relatively few of the chemicals in commerce, as well as those found in the environment, various waste streams, and the h...

The transcriptomic-based reference values (TRV) is defined as an estimate of a daily oral dose that is likely to be without appreciable risk of adverse effects following chronic exposure.  The TRV is meant to protect both the exposed individual and population from effects other t...

ICCVAM described recommended criteria and processes for validation and regulatory acceptance of toxicological test methods in a 1997 document titled 'Validation and Regulatory Acceptance of Toxicological Test Methods'. Advancements in technologies and tools available for toxicity...

Pages 150-167 of Lake Michigan 2020 Report Lake Michigan has undergone substantial biological change in the lower food web, as evidenced by lake-wide changes in primary productivity (Stadig et al., 2020), zooplankton abundance and composition (Barbiero et al., 2019), fish recruit...

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) has initiated a community project through the WorldFAIR initiative to define a common protocol for programmatic exchange of chemical representations. Representing chemical substances in the form of distinct chemical st...

In the mid-1980s, several events occurred that led to the conceptualization and eventual initiation of the world’s largest collaborative biological project – the Human Genome Project (HGP). In 1985, Robert Sinsheimer – then Chancellor of the University of Califo...

A notable transformation is occurring across the US, Canada, and the globe, reframing “ecosystem restoration” as more than technical actions that improve the environment, but also as collective actions that explicitly acknowledge and include the human and social syste...

This is a guide for users who wish to explore data available on U.S. EPA’s Chemical Exposure Knowledgebase (ChemExpo). It is appropriate for both experienced users and those who may be new to the application. The goal is to simplify a user’s experience navigating the ...

This report highlights the salient findings from SHC products contributed by a team of ORD investigators from PHITD and CPAD of CPHEA, CCED of CCTE, and ORISE. The SHC research focused on the influences of maternal exposure to chemical and non-chemical stressors, and their intera...

FY22 User Guide: Periodical updates are required for the ECOTOX end user documentation. This User Guide provides documentation on utilizing and searching for information in the ECOTOX Knowledgebase to help users easily retrieve information from the electronic database through the...

This AOP describes the sequence of events leading from deiodinase inhibition to increased mortality via reduced posterior swim bladder inflation. Disruption of the thyroid hormone system is increasingly being recognized as an important toxicity pathway that can cause ma...

This AOP describes the sequence of events leading from deiodinase inhibition to increased mortality via reduced anterior swim bladder inflation. Disruption of the thyroid hormone system is increasingly being recognized as an important toxicity pathway that can cause man...

This AOP describes the sequence of events leading from deiodinase inhibition to increased mortality via reduced posterior swim bladder inflation. Thyroid hormones (THs) are critical during embryonic development and disruption of the TH system can interfere with normal d...

This AOP describes the sequence of events leading from deiodinase inhibition to increased mortality via reduced anterior swim bladder inflation. Thyroid hormones (THs) are critical during development and disruption of the TH system can interfere with normal development....

This AOP describes the sequence of events leading from thyroperoxidase inhibition to increased mortality via reduced anterior swim bladder inflation. The enzyme thyroperoxidase (TPO) is essential for the synthesis of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in the thyro...

Standardized aquatic toxicity test guidelines provide defensible data for use in ecological risk assessments. However, constraints imposed by these assay designs limit the number of tests that can be conducted and inefficiently consume test chemical. To increase throughput and im...

Watersheds in the Wisconsin portion of the Lake Superior basin, specifically those in the red clay plains, are susceptible to degraded water quality from eroding stream banks, which can impact in-stream habitat and result in excessive nutrient loading (WDNR 2007a). Watershed cons...

To supplement or replace the existing toxicity tests used to support pesticide registration, EPA’s OPP is actively engaged in numerous activities with respect to reducing laboratory animal use and implementing new approach methodologies (NAMs). NAM is a broad term referring...

Appendix E provides an overview of a five year ORD research effort, aimed at developing approaches and tools that can be used to predict or detect biological activities associated with contaminants of emerging concern in the Great Lakes Basin, provide insights into their sources,...

Under Action Plan II (2015-2019) of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI), Federal and Academicpartners continued an investigation that began under Action Plan I (2010-2014) into the presence anddistribution of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in the Great Lakes, a...

In January 2018, ICCVAM published A Strategic Roadmap for Establishing New Approaches to Evaluate the Safety of Chemicals and Medical Products in the United States. The roadmap described how ICCVAM agencies will encourage development of new technologies for, support utilizatio...

Reducing the use of mammals and other laboratory animals for toxicity testing is a priority for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and, as such, the Agency is working on the development and application of New Approach Methodologies (NAMs).  NAMs are defined as an...

Short user manual to guide an user on how to operate GenRA Version 3