Science Inventory

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Science is a massive global cross-sector endeavor. It was estimated that in 2014 there were over 28,000 active English-language peer reviewed journals with another 6000 or so non-English language journals. Collectively the scientific community is publishing over 2.5 million artic...

In preparation for a Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Pellston Workshop titled &ldquo;Advancing the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) Concept: An International Horizon Scanning Approach,&rdquo; a horizon scanning effort was undertaken to gather input from the global ...

Regulatory decisions surrounding chemical safety are based primarily, although not exclusively, on human and environmental protection. Historically, there has been a reliance on animal toxicity testing to inform hazard and risk assessment. Typically, mammalian data drive human he...

Conceptual constructs for source-to-outcome modeling based on aggregate exposure pathway (AEP) and adverse outcome pathway (AOP) frameworks can provide a mechanistic scaffold for evidence integration and application of novel approach methods (NAMs).&nbsp; Dosimetry is the critica...

As part of implementing systematic review, the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) program extracts data from ~150 studies per year across 15-20 chemical assessments that are in the development phase. These data are stored in the H...

Humans carry residues of multiple synthetic chemicals at any given point in time. Research has demonstrated that compounds with varying molecular initiating events (MIE) that disrupt common key events can act in concert to produce cumulative adverse effects. Congenital defects of...

Defining the taxonomic relevance of an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) can aid in extrapolation of knowledge from tested model organism to other non-tested species. Recently an adverse outcome pathway network was developed describing the linkages from activation of the nicotinic ac...

This paper provides an overview of a workshop coordinated by Health Canada, the Electric Power Research Institute, and the Nuclear Energy Agency, to discuss and explore how the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework can be applied in the area of radiation research and risk asses...

The conservation of developmental processes permits the application of a quantitative adverse outcome pathway (AOP) model to predict threshold doses that result in teratogenic effects. The goal of the HESI DARTable Genome Working Group is to build a comprehensive framework of mol...

Locally-regulated all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) gradients are important determinants of skeletal morphogenesis and can be disrupted by diverse genetic or environmental factors, leading to homeotic transformations and malformations of skeletal structures. Adverse Outcome Pathway ...

The ability to link the chemistry of chemical toxicants to adverse outcomes at high levels of biological organization allows for greater understanding of the biological mechanisms responsible for toxicity. The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) construct is useful in establishing and ...

Developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) represents a critical hazard for which less than 1% of environmental chemicals have been screened. Despite this backlog, in-vivo guideline studies of DNT are resource intensive, low throughput, and yield little insight into the molecular mechanis...

The gene editing technology Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 is revolutionizing basic biology, translational medicine, and increasingly, the field of toxicology. CRISPR-Cas9 silences or overexpress targets through non-homologous end joining ...

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Researchers around the world have mobilized to study the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the resulting disease, generating a flood of biological data from a wide range of disciplines. ...

Risk assessors use liver endpoints in rodent toxicology studies to assess the safety of chemical exposures. Yet, rodent endpoints may not accurately re&#64258;ect human responses. For this reason and others, human-based in vitro models are being developed and anchored to adverse ...

Exposure to certain anthropogenic chemicals can inhibit the activity to cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19) in fishes leading to decreased plasma 17&beta;-estradiol (E2), plasma vitellogenin (VTG), and egg production. Reproductive dysfunction resulting from exposure to aromatase in...

The current study evaluated whether in vitro measures of aromatase inhibition as inputs into a quantitative adverse outcome pathway (qAOP) construct could effectively predict in vivo effects on 17&acirc;-estradiol (E2) and vitellogenin (VTG) concentrations in female fathead minno...

The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework depicts causal linkages between biological responses across levels of organization, starting with a molecular initiating event, proceeding through intermediate key events, and culminating in apical effects on endpoints meaningful to ris...

Emphasis to date concerning PFAS has been mostly on human health, but there is growing realization that these chemicals also are of substantial concern in terms of potential ecological effects. While some ecotoxicity data exist for high-visibility PFAS like PFOS and PFOA, there i...

There are growing numbers of chemicals being detected in the environment for which no established water quality guidelines or toxicity benchmarks are available to support risk assessment. The present study analyzed over 700 water samples from different Great Lakes tributaries for...

Quantitative adverse outcome pathways (qAOPs) describe quantitative response-response relationships that can predict the probability or severity of an adverse outcome for a given magnitude of chemical interaction with a molecular initiating event. However, the taxonomic domain of...

An important goal in toxicology is the development of new ways to increase the speed, accuracy and applicability of chemical hazard and risk assessment approaches by incorporating in vitro assays and biological pathway information. Here we examine how the Adverse Outcome Pathway ...

Viral protein interactions with host proteins in humans and other organisms are important for the transmission of SARS-CoV2. Understanding each step of the process by which host proteins interact with the viral proteins in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV...

Chemical-induced liver cancer occurs in rodents through well-characterized adverse outcome pathways. We hypothesized that measurement of the 6 most common molecular initiating events (MIEs) in liver cancer adverse outcome pathways in short-term assays using only gene expression w...

Systematic review methods improve the transparency and accuracy of chemical assessments, whilst accentuate the challenge of retrieving all potentially relevant information. Information retrieval is a lengthy process and complicated not only by the manner in which the content of a...