Science Inventory

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Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a phthalate ester used as a plasticizer, and solvent. Studies using rats consistently report that DBP exposure disrupts normal development of the male reproductive system in part via inhibition of androgen synthesis. However, studies using xenograft mod...

Many xenobiotics are identified as potential thyroid disruptors due to their action to reduce circulating levels of thyroid hormone, most notably thyroxine (T4). Developmental neurotoxicity is a primary concern for thyroid disrupting chemicals yet correlating the impact of chemic...

Crops and wild plants are being exposed to increasing amounts of engineered cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs) through soil, water, and air. Recent studies showed that exposure to CeO2-NPs can alter the transcriptome profiles of plants. To further identify transgenerational mo...

The manual covers basic search functionality and description of the content and format of the data accessible through the AOP-DB. Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) are a conceptual framework intended to enhance the utility of pathway-based data for use in risk-based regulatory deci...

An Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) represents the organization of current and newly acquired knowledge of biological pathways. These pathways contain a series of nodes (Key Events, KEs) that when sufficiently altered influence the next node on the pathway, beginning from an Molecul...

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) gradients determine skeletal patterning morphogenesis and can be disrupted by diverse genetic or environmental factors, leading to fetal skeleton malformations. Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) frameworks for ATRA metabolism, signaling, and homeostasis...

Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is a well-known mechanism of action of many chemicals. Mitochondrial uncoupler-mediated energetic dysfunction is known to affect growth, a critical process in most organisms and a chronic toxicity endpoint included in many OECD tes...

Risk assessment relies on integration of available and relevant evidence across several data streams by necessity.&nbsp; While systematic review can identify relevant data, approaches for integration are still needed.&nbsp; Conceptual constructs for source-to-outcome modeling bas...

Epigenetic alterations include modifications to DNA, histone proteins that serve as a genome scaffold, and other factors including non-coding RNAs that collectively regulate the expression of genes without changing DNA sequence.&nbsp; The epigenome can alter due to environmental ...

The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework describes the progression of a toxicity pathway from molecular perturbation to population-level outcome in a series of measurable, mechanistic responses. The controlled, computer-readable vocabulary that defines an AOP has the ability t...

The EPA Adverse Outcome Pathway Database (AOP-DB) is a database resource that aggregates association relationships between AOPs, genes, chemicals, diseases, pathways, species orthology information, ontologies. The AOP-DB frontend is a simple yet powerful user interface in the for...

Pollinators, such as bees, provide an essential function in the environment fertilizing plants including food crops relied upon for livestock and human consumption. Due to an increased awareness of declining pollinator health, there are global efforts to protect pollinators from ...

Environmental chemical interactions with the retinoid signaling pathway were identified as an area for novel assays development and further prioritized to fill in existing gaps in data for regulatory evaluation of chemical hazard by several recent expert reviews. All-trans retino...

Automatic update of the information supporting an assessment is limited by manual finding, uploading, and migration of information between various systematic review tools. This is a particular challenge in the development of chemical assessments where a rapid compilation of new i...

The concept of AOP is a new concept for radioprotection research that has originally been proposed and developed for the assessment of the toxicity of chemical stressors with an overall goal to aid regulation based off mechanistic knowledge of biological effects. Promoted and coo...

Design, conduct, analysis and interpretation of mixtures experiments are daunting challenges. Frequently, defined-mixture experiments investigate whether the response of a mixture is predictable from the dose-responses curves of the component chemicals. Experimental toxicologists...

Background:&nbsp;Extensive clinical and experimental research documents the potential for chemical disruption of thyroid hormone (TH) signaling through multiple molecular targets. Perturbation of TH signaling can lead to abnormal brain development, cognitive impairments, and othe...

The biomedical literature contains an abundance of information about the activity of chemicals in biological systems. The goal of literature informatics research at the EPA&rsquo;s Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure is to use the literature more effectively in compu...

Arsenic exposure has been associated with numerous diseases ranging from cancers of the bladder, skin and lung, to metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus, as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes such as spontaneous abortions, low birth weights, and ...

Disease prevention and prediction have led to the generation of phenotypic-based methods for deriving the limits of safety across toxicological disciplines. Efforts are now moving towards an integrated tactic to assessment and testing that leverages mechanistic data to predict do...

The quality and utility of literature based chemical assessments has been improved by leveraging the power of systematic review (SR) and systematic mapping (SM, also referred to as evidence mapping) approaches to aggregating and evaluating evidence of health risks posed by exposu...

Background: Literature based chemical assessments have adopted systematic review methods and systematic maps to ensure rigor, transparency, and identification of all the evidence relevant to answering a question. This is a significant semantic challenge because different communit...

Leveraging evidence based methods including systematic review and evidence mapping ensure rigor and transparency in a literature based chemical assessment. The challenge is integrating that information into evidence based frameworks so that all cause and effect networks are captu...

Epigenetic data may be important for hazard identification during chemical risk assessment by providing mechanistic weight of evidence for chemical effects on life-stage disease susceptibility correlated with adverse health outcomes. Confidently describing those adverse outcome p...

Homeotic transformations and malformations of the fetal skeleton can occur as locally-regulated all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) gradients. Such gradients determine skeletal patterning morphogenesis and can be disrupted by diverse genetic or environmental factors. Adverse Outcome P...