Science Inventory

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In 2012, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) launched the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) Development Programme. The objective of this programme is to support and promote the development of AOPs by providing guidance and coaching for AOP developers, an...

Thyroid hormone system disrupting chemicals (THDCs) are widely regarded as potential threats to human and environmental health. Thus, significant efforts have been made within both the human health and ecotoxicology communities to develop screening assays capable of identifying T...

In teleost fish, the balance between steroidal estrogens and androgens is essential during sexual differentiation and this balance is in turn dependent on the availability and activity of steroid synthesizing enzymes such as aromatase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of...

New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) are being developed to reduce animal use and to evaluate greater numbers of chemicals more efficiently. In vitro chemical screening assays can be used to evaluate thousands of chemicals rapidly at lower costs than in vivo assays. Such approaches ...

The regulatory landscape is shifting away from whole animal testing for decision-making and exploring the utility of new approach methods (NAMs), which include computational techniques to understand chemical toxicity. Primarily these efforts have focused on reducing the use of ve...

Quantum dots (QDs) are engineered semiconductor nanocrystals with unique fluorescent, quantum confinement, and quantum yield properties, making them valuable in a range of commercial and consumer imaging, display, and lighting technologies. Production and usage of QDs are increas...

Members of the CIAO COVID-19 group have been active in developing AOPs with the intention of documenting disease outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection to the level of OECD publication. Several AOPs thus far established in the AOPwiki in...

Global regulation of chemicals is shifting away from whole animal toxicity testing for decision-making and exploring the utility of new approach methods (NAMs), which include computational techniques and high-throughput screening methods to understand chemical toxicity. Primarily...

Presentation to the meeting of MODEL-EDC:Threats and tools for endocrine-disrupting pollutants in marine organisms November 2021.

Despite over 50 years of research on the use of population models in chemical risk assessment, their practical utility has remained elusive. A novel application and interpretation of ecotoxicological models, Endogenous Lifecycle Models (ELM), is proposed that offers some of the b...

Regulatory decisions surrounding chemical safety include human and environmental protection. Historically, there has been a reliance on animal toxicity testing to inform hazard and risk assessment. Typically, mammalian data drive human health considerations and studies from selec...

Computational models of biological processes are expected to revolutionize chemical safety assessment in the not too far future. Such models provide the template for establishing quantitative adverse outcome pathway (AOP) networks that define critical key events that need monitor...

Previously, we demonstrated that exposure to some diortho-phthalate esters during sexual differentiation disrupts male reproductive development by reducing fetal rat testis testosterone production (T Prod) and gene expression in a dose-related manner. The objectives of the curren...

Several adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) have linked endocrine related molecular initiating events like aromatase inhibition, androgen receptor (AR) agonism, and estrogen receptor (ER) antagonism, to reproductive impairment in adult (AOP25, AOP23, AOP30; aopwiki.com). It has been ...

As per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been increasingly found in surface waters and sediment, there has been growing demand to better understand the potential ecological effects of these chemicals. Recent high throughput screening of over 140 PFAS has shown peroxisom...

Water-borne contaminants were monitored in 69 tributaries of the Laurentian Great Lakes in 2010 and 2014 using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs), and polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS). A risk-based screening approach was used to prioritize chemicals and che...

Archival samples represent a vast resource for identification of chemical and pharmaceutical targets. However, use of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples in genomics has been hindered by nucleic acid damage, potential fixation related artifacts, and wide variat...

The ToxCast and Tox21 programs have developed a series of medium and high-throughput screening assays (MTS/HTS) for multiple molecular-initiating event (MIE) and key event targets in an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) network for thyroid hormone (TH) disruption. Assays for receptor...

The biomedical literature contains an abundance of information about the activity of chemicals in biological systems, including environmental toxicants of interest to the EPA. The goal of literature informatics research at the EPA&rsquo;s Center for Computational Toxicology and E...

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The emergence of new diseases poses an international threat, and the pathological mechanism and side effects of developed drugs are potentially harmful. Predicting and evaluating safety has become a common international issue in pharmaceutical administration. Based on the fact th...

Rivers in the arid Western United States face increasing influences from anthropogenic contaminants due to population growth, urbanization, and drought. To better understand and more effectively track the impacts of these contaminants, biologically-based monitoring tools are incr...

Computational approaches have recently gained popularity in the field of read-across to automatically fill data-gaps for untested chemicals. To this end, we developed a generalized read-across (GenRA) approach, which utilizes chemical descriptor information and/or in vitro bioact...

Thyroid screening has been guided by the thyroid adverse outcome pathway network (as described in Noyes et al. 2019). Now, a lot of thyroid-related screening data are available from a number of high-throughput screening assays that evaluate thyroid-relevant molecular initiating e...

Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a phthalate ester used as a plasticizer, and solvent. Studies using rats consistently report that DBP exposure disrupts normal development of the male reproductive system in part via inhibition of androgen synthesis. However, studies using xenograft mod...