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In the report, kinetic enzyme methods and statistical analyses are used to define the relationship between brain acetycholinesterase inhibition and near-median kills in replicate groups of marine fish in the laboratory by five carbamate pesticides.

To date, most research focused on developing more efficient and cost effective methods to predict toxicity have focused on human biology. However, there is also a need for effective high throughput tools to predict toxicity to other species that perform critical ecosystem functio...

The proper disposal of hazardous wastes currently generated and clean up of waste disposal sites of the past are challenges facing regulatory agencies in the industrialized nations. he estimation of levels of toxicity is an essential step in prioritizing industrial effluents and ...

Workers exposed to solvents, pesticides, heavy metals and other neurotoxic chemicals frequently exhibit symptoms of mental confusion, impaired attention, and memory loss. These symptoms suggest the impairment of several aspects of cognitive function that can be assessed readily b...

An evaluation of a gas chromatographic electrolytic conductivity detector system (Hall detector) was conducted for the determination and confirmation of selected organochlorine pesticides at sub-ppm concentration levels in human biological extracts. The sample extracts were also ...

Botanical dietary supplements have a long history of use in Europe and China, but they are becoming increasing popular in the United States. Since these products are classified as herbals, the United States Food and Drug Administration does not regulate nor monitor these suppleme...

The AQUlRE -- Aquatic Toxicity Information Retrieval -- data base was established in 1981 by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. AQUlRE continues to be updated and maintained atthe U.S. EPA Environmental Researc...

The US EPA Office of Research and Development conducted the Arctic Contaminant Research Program (Landers, D. H. et al. 1992) from 1991 to 1994 through the Corvallis, Oregon, research laboratory. The purpose of this effort was to evaluate the evidence for atmospheric contaminatio...

Background: Associations between adverse health effects and environmental exposures are difficult to study because exposures may be widespread, low-dose in nature, and common throughout the study population. Individual risk-factor epidemiology may not be able to initially ident...

This work describes the effects of pesticides on steroid metabolism in the fathead minnow. Alterations in steroid metabolism are one important mechanism through which endocrine system function can be disrupted.

Subtle changes in cognitive function are often the earliest indication of neurotoxic effects in humans. The hippocampus is a large forebrain structure subserving specific kinds of information encoding and consolidation in humans and other animals. Because of it laminar structur...

Agricultural nonpoint source (NPS) runoff may result in significant discharges of pesticides, suspended sediments, and fertilizers into estuarine habitats adjacent to agricultural areas or downstream from agricultural watersheds. Exposure of estuarine fin fish and shellfish to to...

Withering syndrome (WS) is an epizootic fatal wasting disease that is devastating California Channel Island populations of black abalone Haliotis cracherodii. ur studies suggest a strong pathogen-disease association. he pathogen is an intracellular prokaryote that infects epithel...

The United States (U.S.) National Park Service has initiated research on the atmospheric deposition and fate of semi-volatile organic compounds in its alpine, sub-Arctic, and Arctic ecosystems in the Western U.S. Results for the analysis of pesticides in seasonal snowpack samples...

Several species of fairy shrimp in the genus Branchinecta (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) are protected under the federal Endangered Species Act due to destruction of seasonal wetland habitats in Oregon and California, making protection of the hydrology and water quality of the limited...

We have reported that the non-stimulus driven EEG is altered differently by acute treatment with deltamethrin, permethrin, fipronil, or imidacloprid (Lyke and Herr, Lyke et al., Toxicologist, 2010, 2011, 2012) in non-restrained animals. In the current study, we examined the abili...

BACKGROUND: Pyrethroid insecticides bind to voltage-gated sodium channels and modify their gating kinetics, thereby disrupting neuronal function. Although previous work has tested the additivity of pyrethroids in vivo, this has not been assessed directly at the primary molecular ...

Chemically induced vascular toxicity during embryonic development can result in a wide range of adverse prenatal outcomes. We used information from genetic mouse models linked to phenotypic outcomes and a vascular toxicity knowledge base to construct an embryonic vascular disrupt...

Chemically induced vascular toxicity during embryonic development can result in a wide range of adverse prenatal outcomes. We used information from genetic mouse models linked to phenotypic outcomes and a vascular toxicity knowledge base to construct an embryonic vascular disrupt...

This presentation highlights our &quot;supermix&quot; study which included 15 different environmental anti-androgens (6 pesticides and 9 phthalates) with a dosing structure based on the individual chemical NOAELs. Exposures were conducted in utero (dam oral gavage) during the ma...

Methomyl is a cholinesterase-inhibiting carbamate pesticide that is used in the field on cotton and a variety of fruits and vegetables. Concerns have been raised generally about age-related differences in susceptibility to cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides, especially for chil...

The rapid increase in older adults in the population highlights the importance of understanding the role of aging in susceptibility to environmental contaminants. Methomyl is a cholinesteraseinhibiting carbamate pesticide used on a variety of produce. Although the effects of pest...

Introduction The concern that infants and children may be more susceptible to the toxic effects of chemicals, including pesticides, has received much attention in the scientific literature and the public media. Greater toxicity may be evident as long-term adverse outcomes, e.g.,...

Age-related differences in the acute neurotoxicity of cholinesterase (ChE)-inhibiting pesticides have been well-studied for a few organophosphates, but not for many others. In this study, we directly compared dose-responses using brain and red blood cell (RBC) ChE measurements, a...

Potential pesticide effects in infants and toddlers have received much attention in the scientific literature and the public media, including the concern for increased response to acute or shortterm exposures. Age-related differences in the acute neurotoxicity of acetylcholinest...