Science Inventory

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The current study evaluated whether in vitro measures of aromatase inhibition as inputs into a quantitative adverse outcome pathway (qAOP) construct could effectively predict in vivo effects on 17&acirc;-estradiol (E2) and vitellogenin (VTG) concentrations in female fathead minno...

Quantitative adverse outcome pathways (qAOPs) describe quantitative response-response relationships that can predict the probability or severity of an adverse outcome for a given magnitude of chemical interaction with a molecular initiating event. However, the taxonomic domain of...

Flame retardants are chemical mixtures added to materials after manufacturing to reduce the amount of time it would take a small open flame to ignite the item. These compounds are volatile and continuously leach out of materials into the environment. Therefore, they are ubiquitou...

Identification of chemicals that affect hormone-regulated systems will help to predict endocrine disruption. In our previous study, a 46 gene biomarker was found to be an accurate predictor of estrogen receptor (ER) &alpha; modulation in chemically treated MCF-7 cells. Here, pote...

It is well documented that thyroid hormone (TH) action is critical for normal brain development and is mediated by both nuclear and extranuclear pathways. Given this dependence, the impact of environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals that interfere with thyroid signaling is a ...

The Sustainable Chemistry Synthesis Expert Framework allows users to qualitatively evaluate synthesis routes for a chemical to identify potential improvements in the sustainability of the chemical manufacturing process and reduce the number of materials needed for production. Thi...

A potential limitation to the use of in vitro assay data in regulatory decision-making is the lack of coverage for xenobiotic metabolic processes. The EPA New Approach Methods (NAM) Work Plan emphasizes the need to develop NAMs that address deficiencies in metabolic competence fo...

The evaluation of potential alternatives for chemicals of concern (CoC) requires an understanding of their potential human health and environmental impacts during the manufacture, use, recycle and disposal life stages. During the manufacturing phase, the processes used to produce...

Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) are used in high amounts as additives in industrial and consumer products, such as electrical and electronic products, furniture, plastics, textile, and building construction materials. Due to their relatively low volatility, OPFRs have s...

Cyclic phenones are chemicals of interest to the USEPA and international community due to their potential for endocrine disrupting activity. Prior to this report, there was very limited information addressing metabolism of cyclic phenones by fish species and the potential for Est...

Metformin (MET) is a drug commonly used for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. It is currently estimated to be among the top five most commonly prescribed drugs in the US. MET is not metabolized in humans; however, once excreted, the majority of MET is biotransformed to guanylurea...

Flame retardants are chemical mixtures added to materials after manufacturing to reduce the amount of time it would take a small open flame to ignite the item. These compounds are volatile and continuously leach out of materials into the environment. Therefore, they are ubiquitou...

Children&rsquo;s consumer products represent an important exposure source for many toxicants. Chemicals of high concern, as designated by the Washington State Child Safe Product Act include phthalates, Bisphenol A (BPA) and parabens, among others. As regulation and reporting requ...

Quantitative adverse outcome pathways (qAOPs) include descriptions of quantitative response-response relationships between key biological processes to allow prediction of the probability or severity of an apical-level toxicity for a given magnitude of chemical interaction with a ...

There is significant concern regarding potential impairment of fish reproduction associated with endocrine disrupting chemicals. Aromatase (CYP19) is a steroidogenic enzyme involved in the conversion of androgens to estrogens. Inhibition of aromatase by chemicals can result in re...

• A systematic literature review was conducted to identify Hershberger assays testing in vivo (anti)androgens effects of chemicals. • Details on study designs and experimental results for 134 chemicals that met pre-defined criteria were entered in a database. • Results for ...

Introduction Thyroid hormones (TH) are critical for mammalian brain development. In humans, low maternal serum thyroxine (T4) levels are associated with neurological deficiencies and cognitive impairment. Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) is a widespread environmental contaminant...

Male reproductive impairments, such as hypospadias, cryptorchidism and reduced sperm counts, are relatively common and have reportedly been increasing in prevalence over the last several decades. These effects can be induced in laboratory animals by a wide range of environmental...

A number of exogenous compounds have the potential to interfere with the endocrine system of animals. This may perturb vital endocrine processes to a degree causing an adverse effect (outcome) on ecologically relevant endpoints such as growth, development, and reproduction. These...

Concern that chemicals in the environment can disrupt the endocrine systems of humans and ecological species (fish, frogs, birds) has driven the development of bioassays to test for endocrine activity. In the last decade, there has been increased focus on in vitro and high-throug...

Chemical toxicity testing is moving steadily toward a human cell and organoid-based in vitro approach for reasons including scientific relevancy, efficiency, cost, and ethical rightfulness. Inferring human health risk from chemical exposure based on in vitro testing data is a cha...

Chemicals induce cancer through partially characterized adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) that include molecular initiating events (MIEs) and downstream key events (KEs). We developed computational strategies to identify chemicals in large microarray compendia that activate cancer ...

Cortical heterotopias are characterized as clusters of ectopic neurons in the brain, and are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders like epilepsy and learning disabilities in patients. We have previously characterized the robust penetrance of a heterotopia in a rat model, i...

Adverse neurodevelopmental consequences remain a primary concern when evaluating the effects of thyroid disrupting chemicals (TDC). The inherent complexity of the thyroid system allows for a variety of potential target sites for chemical interference and disruption of the system....

Omics approaches incorporated into standard toxicity tests can provide valuable information that can be used to inform the ecological risk assessment process. Specifically, the field of toxicogenomics, and its subdisciplines of transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, can be...