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SPECIATED VOC EMISSIONS FROM MODERN GDI LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES
Citation:
George, I., M. Hays, R. Snow, J. Faircloth, T. Long, AND R. Baldauf. SPECIATED VOC EMISSIONS FROM MODERN GDI LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES. Presented at Coordinating Research Council Mobile Source Air Toxics Workshop, Sacramento, CA, February 13 - 15, 2017.
Impact/Purpose:
This presentation will communicate recent results from an ongoing APPCD dynamometer study measuring emissions of speciated air toxics from modern light-duty vehicles.
Description:
Chassis dynamometer emissions testing was conducted to characterize speciated volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including mobile source air toxics (MSATs) and ozone precursors, in exhaust emissions from three modern gasoline direct injection (GDI) light-duty vehicles. Each GDI vehicle tested in this study utilized slightly different fuel injection technology: Vehicle 1 used a 2.4 liter, naturally aspirated, wall-guided GDI; Vehicle 2 used a 1.8 liter, turbocharged GDI engine; Vehicle 3 used a 1.5 liter, turbocharged, spray-guided GDI engine. Vehicle testing was conducted in a temperature controlled chassis dynamometer test cell at 22 °C over the EPA Federal Test Procedure (FTP) and a portion of the Supplemental FTP (SFTP). The FTP was conducted as a three phase cycle with a cold start, hot transient, and warm start phase (also known as the FTP-75 driving cycle). The SFTP consisted of the US06 driving cycle (conducted without the vehicle’s air conditioning on), which provides a more aggressive driving pattern than the FTP. The vehicles operated on 10 percent ethanol blended gasoline (E10). VOC emissions from diluted vehicle exhaust were sampled over each FTP phase and over the Supplemental FTP with SUMMA canisters for EPA Method TO-15 analysis and with DNPH cartridges for carbonyl analysis by EPA Method TO-11A. This presentation will report the impact of driving cycle and GDI technology on speciated MSAT emissions. MSAT emission rates will be compared to literature values and environmental implications will be discussed.