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MX, A DRINKING WATER CARCINOGEN, DOES NOT INDUCE MUTATIONS IN THE LIVER OF CII TRANSGENIC MEDAKA
Citation:
Geter, D. R., R. N. Winn, J W. Fournie, M. B. Norris, A B. DeAngelo, AND W. E. Hawkins. MX, A DRINKING WATER CARCINOGEN, DOES NOT INDUCE MUTATIONS IN THE LIVER OF CII TRANSGENIC MEDAKA. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 67(5):373-383, (2004).
Description:
MX, a drinking water carcinogen, does not induce mutations in the liver of cII transgenic medaka
Geter, DR; Winn, RN; Fournie, JW; Norris, MB; DeAngelo, AB; and Hawkins, WE
Abstract
Geter et al., page 2
Abstract
"Salmonella" mutagenicity assays have shown the drinking water disinfection by-product 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone (MX) to be one of the most potent mutagens tested, accounting for about one third of the mutagenic potency/potential of chlorinated drinking water. The ability of MX to induce mutations was investigated in the liver of a medaka (Oryzias latipes) fish model utilizing the cII transgenic medaka strain that allows detection of in vivo mutations. The positive control compound was methylazoxymethanol-acetate (MAMAc), which is an alkylating carcinogen in medaka. Fish were exposed to MX at 0, 1, 10 or 30 ppm (mg/L) for 96 h. MAMAc exposures were for 2 h at 0, 0.1, 1 or 10 ppm. Both exposures were conducted under static/fasted conditions. Following exposure, fish were returned to regular culture conditions to allow mutation expression for 15 or 40 d for MX and 15 or 32 d for MAMAc. Under these conditions, liver mutation induction was not observed in medaka exposed to MX. However, a concentration and time dependent increase was observed from the livers of fish exposed to 1 and 10 ppm MAMAc. In conclusion, mutation induction was not observed in the livers of cII medaka exposed to MX for 96 h, however studies are planned to examine mutation induction in the gills and skin to explore the possibility that MX-induce DNA damage occurs primarily on the tissues of initial contact.
Key Words: transgenic, drinking water, medaka, chlorinated furanone, MX, methylazoxymethanol.