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MODELING MULTIPATHWAY EXPOSURES OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS TO PESTICIDES
Citation:
Ozkaynak, A H., V Zartarian, J M. Burke, M J. Zufall, E A. CohenHubal, L S. Sheldon, R. J. Buck, AND J. Xue. MODELING MULTIPATHWAY EXPOSURES OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS TO PESTICIDES. Presented at ISEE/ISEA '99 Conference, Athens, Greece, September 5-8, 1999.
Description:
A probabilistic model of individual exposure to chlorpyrifos has been developed in support of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) and the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) program. The model examines a variety of pathway to estimate the contribution of different exposure routes (ingestion, inhalation, dermal contact) and media (soil, dust, air, water, food and residues of pesticides on surfaces following application) to chlorpyrifos exposure. The model predicts exposures for individuals of all ages residing in the state of Arizona and children in the Minneapolis- St. Paul area between the ages of 2 and 12. The outputs from the model are generated by a two-stage Monte-Carlo simulation method. Both the uncertainty in each model parameter and the variability in the concentrations or exposure factors are explicitly simulated with this procedure. Preliminary model results show that non-acute (i.e. in the absence of recent applications) exposures to chlorpyrifos are most influenced by the dietary exposure pathway. The youngest age group is shown to have the highest potential exposures. In comparison, predicted acute and short-term (i.e. following recent application) residential exposures and dose from chlorpyrifos residues could be many times greater than the non-acute exposure values, depending on the type of residential pesticide application and the activities of the children. Both the variability and uncertainty in the predicted exposures are found to be very high.
This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for presentation and publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.