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IDENTIFICATION OF COMPONENTS OF ENERGY-RELATED WASTES AND EFFLUENTS
Citation:
Pellizzari, E. IDENTIFICATION OF COMPONENTS OF ENERGY-RELATED WASTES AND EFFLUENTS. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/7-78/004.
Description:
A state-of-the-art review on the characterization of organic and elemental substances in energy-related liquid and solid effluents was conducted. Previous and on-going research programs and reports were reviewed to summarize the existing and probable future data on chemical elements and organic compounds in solid waste and aqueous effluents from (a) coal liquefaction and gasification plants, (b) coal-fired power plants, (c) oil-shale processors, (d) oil refineries, (e) coal mines and (f) geothermal energy. The reliability of existing information and the probability of accumulation of adequate data from current and past contracts and projects was evaluated according to preselected criteria. Based upon the absence of adequate data on the composition of energy samples, a chemical characterization program was conducted for several energy-related processes. The necessary preconcentrations and purification were performed on these samples and the volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds were identified and quantified. Samples for organic and mercury analysis were subjected to a single analytical protocol in each case to permit comparison among samples. Organic constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/computer and elemental components were determined and measured by spark-source mass spectrometry for all the elements in the periodic chart through uranium except oxygen, helium, hydrogen, neon, krypton, xenon, radon, nitrogen and carbon. The analysis of mercury was performed by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry.