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Nutrition as a modifying factor of chemical susceptibility: a systematic evidence map for nervous system health outcomes
Citation:
Weitekamp, C., F. Branch, E. Hata, K. Hester, U. Kodavanti, C. Lau, D. Lehmann, C. Miller, M. Powers, R. Shaffer, F. Soliman, AND C. Watson. Nutrition as a modifying factor of chemical susceptibility: a systematic evidence map for nervous system health outcomes. SOT, Salt Lake City, UT, March 10 - 14, 2024. https://doi.org/10.23645/epacomptox.25399999
Impact/Purpose:
Presentation to the Society of Toxicology (SOT) 63rd Annual Meeting and ToxExpo March 2024
Description:
Background and Purpose That humans vary in response to environmental chemical exposures has long been appreciated. Even in cases of very high pollutant exposure, the range of health effect responses across individuals varies widely, with subsets of the population showing no response and others experiencing chronic disease. There is a critical need to understand both the causes and the magnitude of this differential susceptibility to chemical exposures, particularly considering persistent social and environmental health disparities. One important, yet often overlooked, modifying factor of chemical susceptibility is nutrition. The purpose of this study was to develop a systematic evidence map to catalog and organize the available literature on how dietary factors may modify chemical susceptibility, focusing on health outcomes related to the central nervous system. Methods Systematic evidence mapping methods were used to identify, screen, and summarize the available evidence base. The Populations, Exposures, Comparators, and Outcomes (PECO) criteria were designed to target peer-reviewed literature that examined the interactions between dietary factors and chemical exposures on central nervous system health outcomes. Potential references were identified through development of a comprehensive literature search string and then evaluated using a tiered literature screening strategy implemented in DistillerSR. For studies that met our inclusion criteria, the investigated environmental chemical(s) and dietary factor(s) were captured. Additional study design information was extracted from the included animal toxicological and human epidemiological studies. Extracted data were organized into interactive data visualizations. Results More than 32,000 references were identified from Web of Science and PubMed for screening processes. Of these, 775 animal toxicological, 67 human epidemiologic, and 208 in vitro studies were identified that met PECO criteria. The animal evidence comprised 14 species groups, with rats and mice the most frequently studied model systems. Across evidence streams, there were 133 chemicals investigated, with lead, arsenic, and methylmercury the most frequently studied. After metals/metalloids, insecticides were the largest chemical category. There were 351 dietary factors investigated. Selenium and vitamins C and E were the most studied compounds, though the largest category was botanical compounds. Conclusions We identified a large dataset of in vitro, animal toxicological, and human epidemiologic studies that examined the interaction between dietary factors and environmental chemical exposures on central nervous system health outcomes. This evidence map will facilitate future research into how nutrition modifies chemical susceptibility from environmental exposures. A better understanding of the interactions between nutrition, chemical exposures, and disease risk has the potential to enhance community resiliency and empower overburdened communities.
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DOI: Nutrition as a modifying factor of chemical susceptibility: a systematic evidence map for nervous system health outcomes
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