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Reactive Organic Carbon Air Emissions from Mobile Sources in the United States
Citation:
Murphy, B., D. Sonntag`, K. Seltzer, H. Pye, C. Allen, E. Murray, C. Toro Vergara, D. Gentner, C. Huang, S. Jathar, L. Li, A. May, AND A. Robinson. Reactive Organic Carbon Air Emissions from Mobile Sources in the United States. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. Copernicus Publications, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany, 23(20):13469–13483, (2023). https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13469-2023
Impact/Purpose:
This study documents a new method for speciating PM and VOCs from mobile sources by utilizing pollutant emission rates and detailed parameters from laboratory studies of onroad vehicles, nonroad engines, aircraft, marine vessels, and locomotives. Organic particle and gas emissions from the MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator, developed by OTAQ, are revised and their impact is discussed. This effort achieves an important forward step in accounting for all sources of secondary particulate matter, ozone, and hazardous air pollutants.
Description:
Mobile sources are responsible for a substantial controllable portion of the reactive organic carbon (ROC) emitted to the atmosphere, especially in urban environments of the United States. We update existing methods for calculating mobile source organic particle and vapor emissions in the United States with over a decade of laboratory data that parameterize the volatility and organic aerosol (OA) potential of emissions from on-road vehicles, nonroad engines, aircraft, marine vessels, and locomotives. We find that existing emission factor information from Teflon filters combined with quartz filters collapses into simple relationships and can be used to reconstruct the complete volatility distribution of ROC emissions. This new approach consists of source-specific filter artifact corrections and state-of-the-science speciation including explicit intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs), yielding the first bottom-up volatility-resolved inventory of US mobile source emissions. Using the Community Multiscale Air Quality model, we estimate mobile sources account for 20 %–25 % of the IVOC concentrations and 4.4 %–21.4 % of ambient OA. The updated emissions and air quality model reduce biases in predicting fine-particle organic carbon in winter, spring, and autumn throughout the United States (4.3 %–11.3 % reduction in normalized bias). We identify key uncertain parameters that align with current state-of-the-art research measurement challenges.
