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Cookstove Emissions and Performance Evaluation Using a New ISO Protocol and Comparison of Results with Previous Test Protocols, OCT 2021
Citation:
Champion, W., M. Hays, C. Williams, L. Virtaranta, M. Barnes, W. Preston, AND J. Jetter. Cookstove Emissions and Performance Evaluation Using a New ISO Protocol and Comparison of Results with Previous Test Protocols, OCT 2021. American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR) Annual Conference, NA - virtual, NA - Virtual, October 18 - 22, 2021.
Impact/Purpose:
Household air pollution from solid-fuel stoves is the most significant environmental problem that affects human health worldwide. The WHO (World Health Organization) estimates that 3-4 million premature deaths annually are caused by household air pollution, mainly from emissions from cookstoves in the developing world. Additionally, household solid fuel use contributes significantly to ambient black carbon, and transboundary transport of pollutants from millions of stoves in Asia affects ambient air quality in the western U.S. The EPA ORD (Office of Research and Development) is conducting research and activities to address the problem in coordination with a much larger international effort led by the Clean Cooking Alliance. This abstract provides a comparison of stove emissions and performance data between the recently published ISO (International Organization for Standardization) Standard 19867-1 the former Water Boiling Test and Firepower Sweep Test protocols.
Description:
In 2018, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 19867-1 “Harmonized laboratory test protocols” were released for establishing improved quality and comparability for data on cookstove air pollutant emissions, efficiency, safety, and durability. This is the first study to compare emissions [carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbons, methane, nitrogen oxides, fine particulate matter (PM2.5), organic carbon, elemental carbon, and ultrafine particles] and efficiency data between the ISO protocol and the Water Boiling Test (WBT) Version 4. The study examines six stove/fuel combinations [liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), pellet, wood fan, wood rocket, three stone fire, and charcoal] tested in the same US EPA laboratory. Evaluation of the ISO protocol shows improvements over previous test protocols and that results are relatively consistent with former WBT data in terms of tier ratings for emissions and efficiency, as defined by the ISO 19867-3 “Voluntary Performance Targets.” Most stove types remain similarly ranked using ISO and WBT protocols, except charcoal and LPG are in higher PM2.5 tiers with the ISO protocol. Additionally, emissions data including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are utilized to compare the ISO and Firepower Sweep Test (FST) protocols. Compared to the FST, the ISO protocol results in generally higher PM2.5 tier ratings.