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Use of an Unmanned Aircraft System to Quantify NOx Emissions from a Natural Gas Boiler
Citation:
Gullett, B., J. Aurell, Bill Mitchell, AND J. Richardson. Use of an Unmanned Aircraft System to Quantify NOx Emissions from a Natural Gas Boiler. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. Copernicus Publications, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany, 14(2):975–981, (2021). https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-975-2021
Impact/Purpose:
The purpose of this work was to compare stack continuous emissions monitoring with sensor measurements using an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) in the plume. The results indicate the performance capability for measurements of point source emissions using a UAS as well as verifying the accuracy of UAS-based pollution measurements against a well-defined source.
Description:
Aerial emission sampling of four natural gas boiler stack plumes was conducted using an unmanned aerial system (UAS) equipped with a lightweight sensor–sampling system (the “Kolibri”) for measurement of nitrogen oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon monoxide (CO). Flights (n = 22) ranged from 11 to 24 min in duration at two different sites. The UAS was maneuvered into the plumes with the aid of real-time CO2 telemetry to the ground operators and, at one location, a second UAS equipped with an infrared–visible camera. Concentrations were collected and recorded at 1 Hz. The maximum CO2, CO, NO, and NO2 concentrations in the plume measured were 10 000, 7, 27, and 1.5 ppm, respectively. Comparison of the NOx emissions between the stack continuous emission monitoring systems and the UAS–Kolibri for three boiler sets showed an average of 5.6 % and 3.5 % relative difference for the run-weighted and carbon-weighted average emissions, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of the accuracy performance of UAS-based emission factors against a source of known strength.
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DOI: Use of an Unmanned Aircraft System to Quantify NOx Emissions from a Natural Gas Boiler