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Route of Exposure Influences Pesticide Body Burden and the Hepatic Metabolome in Post-Metamorphic Leopard Frogs (2020 SOT Poster)
Citation:
Glinski, D., R. VanMeter, Tom Purucker, AND Matt Henderson. Route of Exposure Influences Pesticide Body Burden and the Hepatic Metabolome in Post-Metamorphic Leopard Frogs (2020 SOT Poster). 2020 SOT Virtual Meeting, Anaheim, CA, March 15 - 19, 2020.
Impact/Purpose:
Poster presented at the 2020 SOT Annual Meeting and ToxExpo.
Description:
Pesticides are being applied to a greater extent than in the past due in part to availability of advanced formulations and/or new marketed varieties. Once pesticides enter the ecosystem, many environmental factors can influence their residence time. These interactions can result in processes such as translocation, environmental degradation, and metabolic activation upon exposure to target and non-target species. Most anurans start off their life cycle in aquatic environments and then transition into terrestrial habitats. Their time in the aquatic environment is generally short; however, many important developmental stages occur in this environment. Post-metamorphosis, most species spend many years on land but migrate back to the aquatic environment for breeding. Due to the importance of both the aquatic and terrestrial environments to the life stages of amphibians, we investigated how the route of exposure (i.e. uptake from contaminated soils vs. uptake from contaminated surface water) influences pesticide body burden (for bifenthrin (BIF), chlorpyrifos (CPF), glyphosate (GLY), and trifloxystrobin (TFS)) and the hepatic metabolome in adult leopard frogs. For water exposures, 50 mL of a 1 μg/mL pesticide solution was added to a Pyrex® bowl, and for soil exposures, a thin layer of soil was added to the bottom of a bowl, followed by application of 50 mL of a 1 μg/mL pesticide solution using an aerosolized spray bottle. Body burden concentrations for amphibians exposed in water were significantly higher (ANOVA p < 0.001) compared to amphibians exposed to contaminated soil across all pesticides. Furthermore, the metabolite TFS acid was also significantly higher in water than in soil (ANOVA p < 0.05). The pesticide with the highest concentration in frogs was CPF in the water exposures while the lowest pesticide body burdens were determined for BIF and TFS in the contaminated soil exposures. Ultimately, this research will help fill regulatory data gaps, aid in the creation of more accurate dermal exposure and uptake models for amphibians and inform risk assessment efforts for these and other non-target species.
