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Complex Air Pollution Mixtures Formed by Irradiation of Hydrocarbons Elicit an Array of Toxicological Responses
Citation:
Gilmour, Ian, J. Krug, S. Gavett, M. Hazari, D. DeMarini, AND D. Costa. Complex Air Pollution Mixtures Formed by Irradiation of Hydrocarbons Elicit an Array of Toxicological Responses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 52(5):2429-2431, (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b04857
Impact/Purpose:
summary document on the toxicological effects of photochemical smog atmospheres
Description:
Epidemiology studies over the past 5 decades have provided convincing evidence that air pollution exposure is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes, including increased mortality. Air pollution is a complex mixture of particles, vapors, and gases emitted from natural and anthropogenic sources that may undergo subsequent photochemical transformation to form new products such as ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). To protect human health from impacts of air pollution, the United States and other nations have developed and implemented air quality standards for the major criteria air pollutants (CPs): O3, NO2, and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), as well as for sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and lead. A color-coded air quality index (AQI) communicates daily air quality to the public and provides guidance for who may be at risk from exposure. Although there are clear circumstances where single pollutants may dominate and impart specific health effects, e.g., high ozone increasing asthma hospitalizations or higher PM2.5 increasing cardiovascular mortality, CPs often track with each other, making it difficult to distinguish individual pollutant effects. Thus predicting potential health impacts from mixtures of CPs using objective measures of exposure and health outcomes remain a major challenge in air quality assessment and communication.
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DOI: Complex Air Pollution Mixtures Formed by Irradiation of Hydrocarbons Elicit an Array of Toxicological Responses